ASTM E103-2012 red 2500 Standard Practice for Rapid Indentation Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials《金属材料压痕硬度快速测试标准规程》.pdf

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1、Designation:E10384(Reapproved 2002)Standard Test Method for Designation: E 103 12Standard Practice forRapid Indentation Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 103; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ado

2、ption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.

3、 Scope1.1This test method covers the procedure for rapid indentation hardness testing of metallic materials as an alternative to TestMethod E10 on standard Brinell hardness. It includes methods for the verification of rapid indentation hardness testing machines,Part B, and the calibration of referen

4、ce hardness test blocks, Part C.1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.31.1 This practice covers a procedure for rapid indentation hardness testing of metallic materials.1.2 This practice includes additional requirements inAnnexA1 for the direct, indirect, and daily verifi

5、cation of rapid indentationhardness testing machines.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the resp

6、onsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E4E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness o

7、f Metallic Materials Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE74 Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratoriesISO/

8、IEC 17011 Conformity assessment - General requirements for accreditation bodies accrediting conformity assessmentbodies3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 calibrationdetermination of the values of the significant parameters by comparison with values indicated by a referenceinstrument or by a set of

9、reference standards.3.1.2 rapid indentation hardness testan indentation hardness test using calibrated machines to force a hard steel or tungstencarbide ball, under specified conditions, into the surface of the material under test and to measure the depth of the indentation. Thedepth measured can be

10、 from the surface of the test specimen or from a reference position established by the application of apreliminary test force. The depth measurement is usually correlated to another scale or Brinell hardness number.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testi

11、ng and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.06 on IndentationHardness Testing.Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2002. Published February 2002. Originally published as E10384. Last previous edition E10384(1989)1. DOI: 10.1520/E0103-84R02.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012. Published Ma

12、rch 2012. Originally published as E 103 84. Last previous edition E 103 84 (2002) which was withdrawn in July2011 and reinstated in January 2012. DOI: 10.1520/E0103-12.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual B

13、ook of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.1This document is not an ASTM standard an

14、d is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only

15、the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.3 verificationchecking or testing to assure conformance with the requirements of the

16、 method. checking or testing toassure conformance with the specification.4. Significance and Use4.1This test method is used when it is desired to make hardness tests very rapidly, as in the inspection of the output of aheat-treating furnace.4.2This test method is not to be regarded as a standard Bri

17、nell hardness test method.4.3Since the test forces and method of display of the depth measurement differ between manufacturers of rapid indentationhardness testing equipment, the test results from equipment from different manufacturers are not comparable.A. GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND TEST PROCEDURE4.1

18、This practice is used when it is desired to make Brinell type hardness tests very rapidly on a high volume of samples, asin the inspection of the output of a heat-treating furnace.4.2 This practice requires the measurement of indentation depth and eliminates the need to measure the diameter of the i

19、ndentoptically as required in a Brinell hardness test.4.3 This practice is not a standard Brinell hardness test method and does not meet the requirements of Test Method E10.4.4 Since the test forces and method of display of the depth measurement differ between manufacturers of rapid indentationhardn

20、ess testing equipment, the test results from equipment from different manufacturers are not comparable.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing MachineEquipment for rapid indentation hardness testing is used essentially to measure hardness by determiningthe depth of indentation of a penetrator into the specimen. The

21、 test force can be applied either as a single total test force wherebythe depth is measured usually from the surface of the test specimen or as a preliminary and total test force whereby the depth ismeasured as the increase from the preliminary to the total test force. The magnitude of the indenting

22、 test force or test forces isdetermined by agreement. The design and construction of the testing machine shall be such that no rotational or lateral movementof the indenter or test specimen occurs while the test force is being applied or removed.5.2Penetrator:5.2.1The standard ball penetrator shall

23、be 10 mm in diameter. Other values of ball penetrator may be used as provided in7.1Equipment for rapid indentation hardness testing usually consists of a testing machine, which supports the test specimen andapplies an indenting force(s) to a ball in contact with the specimen, and a system for measur

24、ing and displaying an indication ofthe depth of the indentation. The test force can be applied either as a single total test force whereby the depth is measured usuallyfrom the surface of the test specimen or as a preliminary and total test force whereby the depth is measured as the increase fromthe

25、 preliminary to the total test force.5.1.1 The testing machine shall meet the requirements of Annex A1.5.2.2The balls used shall be free of surface imperfections and conform to the requirements prescribed in 13.1.2.5.3Mechanism for Measuring the Depth of the IndentationThe depth of the indentation i

26、s determined by a measuring devicethat shall conform to the requirements prescribed in 13.1.3.5.4When diameters of indentations are measured to ascertain the accuracy of hardness values of test specimens or of referencehardness test blocks, the measuring microscope shall comply with 3.3 of Test Meth

27、od5.1.2 The testing machine shall ensure that the force to the indenter is applied smoothly and without impact forces that affectthe measurement result. Precautions shall be taken to prevent a momentary high test force caused by the inertia of the system,hydraulic system overshoot, etc.5.1.3 The des

28、ign and construction of the testing machine shall be such that no rotational or lateral movement of the indenteror test specimen occurs while the test force is being applied or removed.5.1.4 An anvil, or specimen support, should be used that is suitable for the specimen to be tested. The seating and

29、 supportingsurfaces of all anvils should be clean and free of foreign material.5.1.5 The indenters used for rapid indentation testing shall be tungsten carbide balls that meet the requirements defined in TestMethod E10and comparable values as determined from Table1 of Test Method E10. , Annex A3.5.1

30、.6 The mechanism for measuring the depth of the indentation shall conform to the requirements prescribed in A1.3.3. Themethod for determining the depth of the indentation is determined by the manufacturer of the tester.5.1.7 A display or output relative to the indentation depth shall be provided. Th

31、e display may indicate the full or partial depthor the depth may be converted to another relevant scale. In this case, conversion to a related Brinell hardness number isrecommended. When used, the method of conversion from depth to another scale or Brinell hardness numbers is determined bythe manufa

32、cturer of the tester.5.1.8 Refer to the Equipment Manufacturers Instruction Manual for a description of the machines characteristics, limitations,and respective operating procedures.6. Test Specimens6.1FinishWhen necessary, the surface on which the indentation is to be made shall be filed, ground, m

33、achined, or polishedE103122with an abrasive material. The surface in contact with the test support shall be clean, dry, and free of any conditions which mayaffect the test results.6.1 Rapid indentation hardness tests can be made on any test specimen that can be tested using the E10 Brinell Test Meth

34、od.6.2 FinishWhen necessary, the surface on which the indentation is to be made shall be filed, ground, machined, or polishedwith an abrasive material to allow accurate depth measurements and to remove any surface conditions (such as decarburization)that may affect the hardness of the sample. Prepar

35、ation shall be carried out in such a way that any alteration of the hardness ofthe test surface (for example, due to overheating or cold-working) is minimized. The surface in contact with the test support anvil,when used, should be clean and free of any conditions which may affect the test results.6

36、.3 ThicknessThe thickness of the test specimen shall be at least ten times the depth of the indentation and such that no bulgeor other mark showing the effect of the test force appears on the side of the piece opposite the indentation. See Test Method E10,Table 4 for more information about minimum t

37、hickness.7. Procedure7.1 Magnitude of Test ForceThe total test force is usually 3000, 1500, or 500 kgf (29.42, 14.71, or 4.903 kN). The preliminarytest force, if used, is usually determined by test requirements. It is desirable that the total test force be of such magnitude that thediameter of the i

38、ndentation ranges from 25.0 to 60.0% of the ball diameter (for example, 2.50 to 6.00 mm in the case of the 10-mmdiameter penetrator). Table 1 gives the preferred total test force and Brinell hardness number with the 10-mm diameter penetrator.For certain sizes and conditions of test specimens, it may

39、 be desirable to use different test forces and penetrators with diameterssmaller or larger than 10 mm; in these cases it is recommended that the following relationships be maintained between the diameterof the ball, D, measured in kilograms, and the applied test force, P, measured in kilograms-force

40、:Range (Brinell Hardness Number) P/D296 to 600 3048 to 300 1516 to 100 5The total test force is usually 3000, 1500, or 500 kgf (29.42, 14.71, or 4.903 kN). The preliminary test force, if used, is determined by the manufacturer of the tes-ter. The total test force and ball indenter size used should b

41、e the same as the Brinell scale test that is being replaced by the rapid indentation test. When selectingthe total test force and ball size to use, refer to Test Method E10, Section 7 for Brinell hardness testing.7.2 Spacing of IndentationsThe distance from the center of the indentation to the edge

42、of the specimen, or edge of anotherindentation, shall be at least two and one-half times the diameter of the indentation.7.3 Application of the Test Force(s)Apply the test force(s) to the test specimen without shock or vibration. Bring theindenter into contact with the test surface in a direction pe

43、rpendicular to the surface without shock, vibration or overshoot. Theangle between the indenter force-line and the surface of the specimen should be perpendicular. Apply the test force(s) accordingto the manufactures instructions.7.4 AlignmentThe angle between the load line and the normal to the spe

44、cimen shall not exceed 2.8.Depth measurement of the indentMeasure the depth of the indentation according to the manufacturers instructions.When this practice is used to monitor the hardness of production parts, it is recommended that the displayed depthindication as defined in 5.1.7 be recorded. All

45、 recorded data shall reference this practice.8. Determination of Hardness Limits8.1In order to establish the limit(s) of acceptable hardness for a given part or piece, test specimens representing the extreme(s)of acceptability shall be tested in the rapid indentation hardness tester that is to be us

46、ed. The results obtained shall be consideredthe limits of acceptability.8.1 Rapid indentation hardness tests are normally used to test specimens in limited Brinell hardness ranges. In order to establishthe limit(s) of acceptable hardness for a given part or piece, test specimens representing the ext

47、reme(s) of acceptability should betested in the rapid indentation hardness tester that is to be used. The results obtained may be considered the limits of applicationof the rapid indentation test.9. Report9.1Report the following information:9.1.1The test force (or test forces when preliminary and to

48、tal test forces are applied) in kilogram-force,9.1.2The diameter of the ball penetrator and whether steel or carbide balls are being used, and9.1.3The depth of penetration in millimetres, or either a converted Brinell hardness number or other hardness number establishedby the manufacturer. In the la

49、st two cases, the hardness relationship shall be reported or referenced.9.1 When a report is desired, it is recommended that the following information be reported:9.1.1 The total test force,9.1.2 The diameter of the ball indenter,9.1.3 The displayed value as defined in 5.1.7, and9.1.4 Reference to this practice.10. Precision and Bias10.1PrecisionSince the test results are not comparable between equipment from different manufacturers, an interlaboratoryE103123comparison test program is not appropriate. Therefore, a precision statement cannot be determin