ASTM D6405-1999(2004) Standard Practice for Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials《从原材料和用过的材料中提取单宁的标准操作规程》.pdf
《ASTM D6405-1999(2004) Standard Practice for Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials《从原材料和用过的材料中提取单宁的标准操作规程》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D6405-1999(2004) Standard Practice for Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials《从原材料和用过的材料中提取单宁的标准操作规程》.pdf(3页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D 6405 99 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Practice forExtraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6405; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers extracting the tannin from raw andspent materials. The water extract obtained by this method is
3、used to determine the tannin content of the original material.Analysis for total solids, soluble solids, and soluble non-tannins of the water extract from a material provides theinformation necessary to calculate the extractable tannin con-tent of that material. The types of materials typically anal
4、yzedby this practice are products of plants such as woods, barks,leaves, nuts, fruits, roots, etc. and any of a wide variety ofby-products (spent materials) from industrial processes utiliz-ing plant products.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units g
5、iven in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulat
6、ory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1517 Definition of Terms Relating to LeatherD 4903 Test Method for Total Solids and Water in VegetableTanning Material ExtractsD 4904 Practice for Cooling Analytical SolutionsD 6401 Test Method for Determining Non-Tannins andT
7、annin in Extracts of Vegetable Tanning MaterialsD 6402 Test Method for Determining Soluble Solids andInsolubles in Extracts of Vegetable Tanning MaterialsD 6403 Test Method for Determining Moisture in Raw andSpent MaterialsD 6404 Practice for Sampling of Vegetable Materials Con-taining Tannin2.2 ALC
8、A Methods:A5 Extraction of Raw and Spent Materials33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of general leather and tanning termsused in this practice refer to Definitions D 1517.3.1.2 raw materialany of the various parts of plants thatare used as a source of vegetable tannins.3.1.3 spent
9、materialplant tissue by-products from indus-trial processes which may contain significant quantities ofvegetable tannins.3.1.4 tanninan astringent substance found in the variousparts of plants such as bark, wood, leaves, nuts, fruits, roots,etc.3.1.5 vegetable tanninsmixtures of substances (naturalp
10、roducts) obtained from plant tissues by water extractionwhich have the chemical and physical properties necessary toconvert animal hides and skins into leather.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The sample of material to be analyzed for tannin contentis first brought to moisture equilibrium with the laborato
11、ryatmosphere (that is, wet materials such as spent materials arefirst dried under ambient laboratory conditions) and thenground sufficiently to pass through a sieve. This ground sampleis then extracted with water in a steam-jacketed extractor.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice provides a stand
12、ard procedure for obtain-ing the water-soluble materials (including tannins) from anymaterial that can be prepared for and charged to the steam-jacketed extractor. The extraction solutions are then analyzedaccording to Test Methods D 4903, D 6401, and D 6402.6. Apparatus and Reagents6.1 Sieve, with
13、circular openings 1.27 cm (0.50 in.) indiameter.6.2 Sieve, with circular openings of 2 mm diameter (U.S.Std. Sieve Series No. 10).1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.01 on Vegetable Leather . This testmethod has
14、 been adapted from and is a replacement for Method A5 of the OfficialMethods of the American Leather Chemists Association.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 6405 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit
15、the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Official Methods of the American Leather Chemists Association. Availablefrom the American Leather
16、Chemists Association, University of Cincinnati, P.O.Box 210014, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0014.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 Glass Rods, soft glass stirring rods with rounded,fire-polished ends.6.4 Borosilicate Glass
17、 Wool, made of soft, pliable fibers.6.5 Steam-Jacketed, Borosilicate Glass Extraction Appara-tus, as described in Fig. 1. This apparatus may need to bespecial ordered and custom built by a laboratory glass-blowingmanufacturer.6.6 Tubing, flexible, chemical and heat resistant tubing ofappropriate siz
18、e and length to fit onto the outlet tubes of theextractor apparatus. The tubing from the extraction chamberoutlet must fit into the receiving flask.6.7 Clamps, Hoffman or similar type for use on the tubingextensions from the extractor outlets.6.8 Wiley Mill, or similar grinder.6.9 Balance, analytica
19、l balance which will weigh up to 100g with an accuracy of 6 0.1 mg (6 0.0001 g).6.10 Formaldehyde, 40 % solution.6.11 Toluene, assay $ 99.5 %6.12 Volumetric Flask, 1-L capacity for spent materials or2-L capacity for raw materials. ClassAflasks with a bulb in theneck (M.C.A. type) are especially suit
20、able for this work.7. Preparation of Sample7.1 All of the sample, drawn as directed in Practice D 6404,shall first be ground in a rough grinder, or shredded, to pass asieve having round openings 1.27 cm (0.50 in.) in diameter.After this grinding, the sample shall be mixed and quartered, asdescribed
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