ASTM D2000-2012 Standard Classification System for Rubber Products in Automotive Applications《汽车用橡胶制品的标准分类系统》.pdf

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1、Designation:D200008 Designation: D2000 12 Approved by Society of Automotive Engineers SAE Recommended Practice J200 Standard Classication System for Rubber Products in Automotive Applications 1 This standard is issued under the xed designation D2000; the number immediately following the designation

2、indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agen

3、cies of the Department of Defense. 1. Scope 1.1 This classication system covers the properties of vulcanized rubber materials (natural rubber, reclaimed rubber, synthetic rubbers, alone or in combination) that are intended for, but not limited to, use in rubber products for automotive applications.

4、NOTE 1This classication system may serve many of the needs of other industries in much the same manner as SAE numbered steels. It must be remembered, however, that this system is subject to revision when required by automotive needs. It is recommended that the latest revision always be used. 1.2 Thi

5、s classication system is based on the premise that the properties of all rubber products can be arranged into characteristic material designations. These designations are determined by types, based on resistance to heat aging, and classes, based on resistance to swelling in oil. Basic levels are thu

6、s established which, together with values describing additional requirements, permit complete description of the quality of all elastomeric materials. 1.3 In all cases where the provisions of this classication system would conict with those of the detailed specications for a particular product, the

7、latter shall take precedence. NOTE 2When the rubber product is to be used for purposes where the requirements are too specic to be completely prescribed by this classication system, it is necessary for the purchaser to consult the supplier in advance, to establish the appropriate properties, test me

8、thods, and specication test limits. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1 This classication system is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.30 on Classication of Rubber Compounds. Current edition appr

9、oved Jan. 1, 2008.2012. Published January 2008.2012. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 20062008 as D200006a 1 .D2000 08. DOI: 10.1520/D2000-08.10.1520/D2000-12. 1 This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indicati

10、on of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version of the standard as published by ASTM is to be con

11、sidered the official document. Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 D395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompression Set D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplasti

12、c ElastomersTension D429 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyAdhesion to Rigid Substrates D430 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationDynamic Fatigue D471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of Liquids D573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an Air Oven D575 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Com

13、pression D624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers D865 Test Method for RubberDeterioration by Heating in Air (Test Tube Enclosure) D925 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyStaining of Surfaces (Contact, Migration, and Diffusion) D945 Test Methods

14、for Rubber Properties in Compression or Shear (Mechanical Oscillograph) D1053 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyStiffening at Low Temperatures: Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics D1149 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationCracking in an Ozone Controlled Environment D1171 Test Method for Rubber Deter

15、iorationSurface Ozone Cracking Outdoors or Chamber (Triangular Specimens) D1329 Test Method for Evaluating Rubber PropertyRetraction at Lower Temperatures (TR Test) D1349 Practice for RubberStandard Temperatures for Testing D1418 Practice for Rubber and Rubber LaticesNomenclature D2137 Test Methods

16、for Rubber PropertyBrittleness Point of Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics D2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hardness D3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for Test Purposes from Products D5964 Practice for Rubber IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM 903 Replacement Oils forASTM No. 1,A

17、STM No. 2, andASTM No. 3 Oils 3. Purpose 3.1 The purpose of this classication system is to provide guidance to the engineer in the selection of practical, commercially available rubber materials, and further to provide a method for specifying these materials by the use of a simple “line call-out” de

18、signation. 3.2 This classication system was developed to permit the addition of descriptive values for future rubber materials without completereorganizationoftheclassicationsystemandtofacilitatetheincorporationoffuturenewtestmethodstokeeppacewith changing industry requirements. 4. Type and Class 4.

19、1 The prex letter “M” shall be used to indicate that the classication system is based on SI units. NOTE 3Call outs not prexed by the letter M refer to an earlier classication system based on inch-pound units. This was published in editions up to 1980. 4.2 Rubber materials shall be designated on the

20、basis of type (heat resistance) and class (oil resistance). Type and class are indicated by letter designations as shown in Table 1 and Table 2 and illustrated in 9.1. 4.3 Type is based on changes in tensile strength of not more than 630 %, elongation of not more than 50 %, and hardness of not more

21、than 615 points after heat aging for 70 h at an appropriate temperature. The temperatures at which these materials shall be tested for determining type are listed in Table 1. 2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For

22、Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. TABLE 1 Basic Requirements for Establishing Type by Temperature Type Test Temperature, C A7 0 B 100 C 125 D 150 E 175 F 200 G 225 H 250 J 275 K 300 D2000 12 24.4 Class is based on the

23、resistance of the material to swelling in IRM 903 Oil (most tables were originally developed using ASTM Oil No. 3) after 70-h immersion at a temperature determined from Table 1, except that a maximum temperature of 150C (the upper limit of oil stability) shall be used. Limits of swelling for each cl

24、ass are shown in Table 2. 4.4.1 ASTM No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 Oils have been replaced by IRM 901, 902, and 903 Oils, respectively, under Practice D5964. These oils are similar but not identical to ASTM No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 Oils. TABLE 2 Basic Requirements for Establishing Class by Volume Swell Cla

25、ss Volume Swell, max, % A no requirement B 140 C 120 D 100 E8 0 F6 0 G4 0 H3 0 J2 0 K1 0 TABLE 3 Meaning of Suffix Letters Suffix Letter Test Required A Heat Resistance B Compression Set C Ozone or Weather Resistance D Compression-Deection Resistance EA Fluid Resistance (Aqueous) EF Fluid Resistance

26、 (Fuels) EO Fluid Resistance (Oils and Lubricants) F Low-Temperature Resistance G Tear Resistance H Flex Resistance J Abrasion Resistance K Adhesion M Flammability Resistance N Impact Resistance P Staining Resistance R Resilience Z Any special requirement, which shall be specied in detail TABLE 4 Su

27、ffix Numbers to Indicate Temperature of Test Applicable Suffix Requirements Second Suffix Number Test Temperature, C A A, B, C, EA, EF, EO, G, 11 275 K 10 250 9 225 8 200 7 175 6 150 5 125 4 100 37 0 23 8 12 3 0 B F1 2 3 20 3 10 4 18 5 25 6 35 7 40 8 50 9 55 10 65 11 75 12 80 A These test temperatur

28、es are based on Practice D1349. B Ambient temperature in the case of outdoor testing. D2000 12 34.4.2 Substitutability of IRM 901, 902, and 903 Oils forASTM No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 Oils has not been established, as their swelling characteristics are different and may affect compound classication. NO

29、TE 4The selection of type based on heat resistance is understood to be indicative of the inherent heat resistance that can be normally expected from commercial compositions. Likewise, choice of class is based on the range of volume swell normally expected from such commercial compositions as establi

30、shed by type. The fact that a type and class of material is listed in Table 6, under Basic Requirements, indicates that materials that meet these requirements for heat and oil resistance are commercially available. 4.5 Theletterdesignationsshallalwaysbefollowedbyathree-digitnumbertospecifythehardnes

31、sandthetensilestrengthfor example, 505. The rst digit indicates durometer hardness, TypeA, for example, 5 for 50 6 5, 6 for 60 6 5. The next two digits indicate the minimum tensile strengthfor example, 05 for 5 MPa, 14 for 14 MPa. Correlation of available materials for desired hardness and tensile s

32、trength is obtained through the elongation values in Table 6. See 7.2. 5. Grade Numbers, Suffix Letters, and Number 5.1 Grade NumbersSince the basic requirements do not always describe sufficiently all the necessary qualities, provision is made for deviation or adding requirements through a system o

33、f prex grade numbers. Grade No. 1 indicates that only the basic requirements are compulsory, and no suffix requirements are permitted. Grades other than No. 1 are used for expressing deviation or additional requirements and are listed as “Available Suffix Grade Numbers” in the last column under Basi

34、c Requirements in Table 6. A grade number is written as a material prex number preceding the letters for type and class (see 9.1). Grade No. 1 is always an available suffix grade number, and thus is not referenced in the last column of each basic requirement table. 5.2 Suffx LettersThe suffix letter

35、s that may be used, together with their meaning, appear in Table 3. 5.3 Suffx NumbersEach suffix letter should preferably be followed by two suffix numbers (see Note 6 in 8.1). The rst suffx number always indicates the test method; time of test is part of the method and is taken from the listings in

36、 Table 5. The second suffx number, if used, always indicates the temperature of test and is taken from Table 4. Where three-digit numbers are required, they are separated by a dashfor example: 10; B410; F111. 6. Composition and Manufacture 6.1 This classication system is predicated upon materials fu

37、rnished under a specication based thereon being manufactured from natural rubber, reclaimed rubber, synthetic rubber, alone or in combination, together with added compounding ingredients of such nature and quantity as to produce vulcanizates that comply with the specied requirements. All materials a

38、nd workmanship shall be in accordance with good commercial practice, and the resulting product shall be free of porous areas, weak sections, bubbles, foreign matter, or other defects affecting serviceability. 6.2 ColorWiththeexceptionofFC,FE,FK,andGEmaterials,thevaluesinthematerialtablesarebasedonbl

39、ackcompounds and comparable values may not be available in color. 7. Basic Requirements 7.1 The basic requirements for physical properties specied in Table 6 3 are based on values obtained from standard laboratory test specimens prepared and tested in accordance with the applicable ASTM test methods

40、. Test results from specimens prepared from nished products may not duplicate values obtained from standard test specimens. NOTE 5When standard test specimens are cut from nished parts in accordance with Practice D3183, a deviation to the extent of 10 % (on tensile strength and elongation values onl

41、y) is permissible when agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier. This deviation is permissible only because of the recognized effects of knitting, grain, and buffing on the material when test specimens are prepared from nished parts and tested for tensile strength and elongation. When differenc

42、es due to the method of processing or to the difficulty in obtaining suitable test specimens from the nished part arise, the purchaser and the supplier may agree on acceptable deviations. This can be done by comparing results of standard test specimens with those obtained on actual parts. 7.2 The av

43、ailable materials are listed in the appropriate material section of the table, giving each hardness and tensile strength with its appropriate elongation value.Also, there is a repetition of the values for the basic heat and oil aging requirements for the material resulting from the assignment of typ

44、e and class. In addition, values for compression set, normally a basic requirement to ensure proper vulcanization, are specied. 7.3 Unless a suffix requirement is used to override an existing basic requirement, the basic requirement applies. TABLE 5 ASTM Test Methods Basic Requirements and First Suf

45、fix No. Basic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Requirement or Suffix Letter Tensile Strength, Elongation D412, die C . . . . . . . . . 3 Tensile values are shown as pounds per square inch in Table 6 for information only. D2000 12 4TABLE 5 Continued Basic Requirements and First Suffix No. Basic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Re

46、quirement or Suffix Letter Durometer Hardness, Type A D2240 . . . . . . . . . Suffix A, Heat Resistance . D573, 70 h D865, 70 h D865, 168 h D573, 168 h D573, 1000 h D865, 1000 h . . . Suffix B, Compression Set, Standard Test Specimen Cut from a Slab . D395, 22 h, Method B, solid D395, 70 h, Method B

47、, solid D395, 22 h, Method B, plied D395, 70 h, Method B, plied D395, 1000 h, Method B, solid D395, 1000 h, Method B, plied . . . Suffix C, Ozone or Weather Resistance . D1171, ozone A exposure, Method A D1171, B weather D1171, ozone C exposure, Method B . . . . . . Suffix D, Compression- Deection R

48、esistance . D575, Method A D575, Method B . . . . . . . Suffix EO, Oil Resistance . D471, IRM 901 Oil, D,E 70 h D471, IRM 902 Oil, D,E 70 h D471, IRM 903 Oil, D,E 70 h D471, IRM 901 Oil, D,E 168 h D471, IRM 902 Oil, D,E 168 h D471, IRM 903 Oil, D,E 168 h D471, Service Fluid No. 101, E,F 70 h D471, O

49、il as specically designated in Table 6, 70 h Suffix EF, Fluid Resistance . D471, Refer- ence Fuel A, 70 h D471, Refer- ence Fuel B, 70 h D471, Refer- ence Fuel C, 70 h D471, Refer- ence Fuel D, 70 h D471, 85 Volume Percent Reference Fuel D Plus 15 Volume Percent Denatured Ethanol, 70 h . . . . Suffix EA, Aqueous Fluid Resistance . D471, Dis- tilled Water, 70 h G D471, Equal Parts by Volume Distilled Water- Reagent Grade Ethylene Glycol, 70 h H . . . . . . . Suffix F, Low- Temperature Resistance . D2137, M