ASTM D2000-2008 Standard Classification System for Rubber Products in Automotive Applications《汽车用橡胶制品的标准分类系统》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 2000 08Approved bySociety of Automotive EngineersSAE Recommended Practice J200Standard Classification System forRubber Products in Automotive Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2000; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of

2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department

3、of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This classification system covers the properties of vul-canized rubber materials (natural rubber, reclaimed rubber,synthetic rubbers, alone or in combination) that are intendedfor, but not limited to, use in rubber products for automotiveapplications.NOTE 1This classification

4、system may serve many of the needs ofother industries in much the same manner as SAE numbered steels. It mustbe remembered, however, that this system is subject to revision whenrequired by automotive needs. It is recommended that the latest revisionalways be used.1.2 This classification system is ba

5、sed on the premise thatthe properties of all rubber products can be arranged intocharacteristic material designations. These designations aredetermined by types, based on resistance to heat aging, andclasses, based on resistance to swelling in oil. Basic levels arethus established which, together wi

6、th values describing addi-tional requirements, permit complete description of the qualityof all elastomeric materials.1.3 In all cases where the provisions of this classificationsystem would conflict with those of the detailed specificationsfor a particular product, the latter shall take precedence.

7、NOTE 2When the rubber product is to be used for purposes where therequirements are too specific to be completely prescribed by this classi-fication system, it is necessary for the purchaser to consult the supplier inadvance, to establish the appropriate properties, test methods, and speci-fication t

8、est limits.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompressionSetD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD 429 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyAdhesion toRigi

9、d SubstratesD 430 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationDynamicFatigueD 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD 575 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in CompressionD 624 Test Method for Tear Strength of ConventionalVulcanized Rubbe

10、r and Thermoplastic ElastomersD 865 Test Method for RubberDeterioration by Heatingin Air (Test Tube Enclosure)D 925 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyStaining of Sur-faces (Contact, Migration, and Diffusion)D 945 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Compressionor Shear (Mechanical Oscillograph)D 1053

11、 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyStiffening atLow Temperatures: Flexible Polymers and Coated FabricsD 1149 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationCrackingin an Ozone Controlled EnvironmentD 1171 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurfaceOzone Cracking Outdoors or Chamber (Triangular Speci-mens)D 1329

12、 Test Method for Evaluating Rubber PropertyRetraction at Lower Temperatures (TR Test)1This classification system is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D11 onRubber and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.30 on Classification ofRubber Compounds.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008.

13、 Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 2000 06ae1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stan

14、dards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 1349 Practice for RubberStandard Temperatures forTestingD 1418 Practice for Rubber and Rubber LaticesNomenclatureD 2137 Test Methods for

15、 Rubber PropertyBrittlenessPoint of Flexible Polymers and Coated FabricsD 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD 3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Product Piecesfor Test Purposes from ProductsD 5964 Practice for Rubber IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM903 Replacement Oils forASTM No. 1,

16、 ASTM No. 2, andASTM No. 3 Oils3. Purpose3.1 The purpose of this classification system is to provideguidance to the engineer in the selection of practical, commer-cially available rubber materials, and further to provide amethod for specifying these materials by the use of a simple“line call-out” de

17、signation.3.2 This classification system was developed to permit theaddition of descriptive values for future rubber materialswithout complete reorganization of the classification systemand to facilitate the incorporation of future new test methods tokeep pace with changing industry requirements.4.

18、Type and Class4.1 The prefix letter “M” shall be used to indicate that theclassification system is based on SI units.NOTE 3Call outs not prefixed by the letter M refer to an earlierclassification system based on inch-pound units. This was published ineditions up to 1980.4.2 Rubber materials shall be

19、 designated on the basis of type(heat resistance) and class (oil resistance). Type and class areindicated by letter designations as shown in Table 1 and Table2 and illustrated in 9.1.4.3 Type is based on changes in tensile strength of not morethan 630 %, elongation of not more than 50 %, and hard-ne

20、ss of not more than 615 points after heat aging for 70 h atan appropriate temperature. The temperatures at which thesematerials shall be tested for determining type are listed in Table1.4.4 Class is based on the resistance of the material toswelling in IRM 903 Oil (most tables were originally devel-

21、oped using ASTM Oil No. 3) after 70-h immersion at atemperature determined from Table 1, except that a maximumTABLE 1 Basic Requirements for Establishing Type byTemperatureType Test Temperature, CA70B 100C 125D 150E 175F 200G 225H 250J 275K 300TABLE 2 Basic Requirements for Establishing Class by Vol

22、umeSwellClass Volume Swell, max, %A no requirementB 140C 120D 100E80F6G4H3J2K10TABLE 3 Meaning of Suffix LettersSuffix Letter Test RequiredA Heat ResistanceB Compression SetC Ozone or Weather ResistanceD Compression-Deflection ResistanceEA Fluid Resistance (Aqueous)EF Fluid Resistance (Fuels)EO Flui

23、d Resistance (Oils and Lubricants)F Low-Temperature ResistanceG Tear ResistanceH Flex ResistanceJ Abrasion ResistanceK AdhesionM Flammability ResistanceN Impact ResistanceP Staining ResistanceR ResilienceZ Any special requirement, which shall be specified in detailTABLE 4 Suffix Numbers to Indicate

24、Temperature of TestApplicable Suffix RequirementsSecond SuffixNumberTestTemperature,CAA, B, C, EA, EF, EO, G, 11 275K 10 2509 2258 2007 1756 1505 1254 1003702381230BF12203 104 185 256 357 408 509 5510 6511 7512 80AThese test temperatures are based on Practice D 1349.BAmbient temperature in the case

25、of outdoor testing.D2000082temperature of 150C (the upper limit of oil stability) shall beused. Limits of swelling for each class are shown in Table 2.4.4.1 ASTM No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 Oils have beenreplaced by IRM 901, 902, and 903 Oils, respectively, underPractice D 5964. These oils are similar b

26、ut not identical toASTM No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 Oils.4.4.2 Substitutability of IRM 901, 902, and 903 Oils forASTM No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 Oils has not been established,as their swelling characteristics are different and may affectcompound classification.NOTE 4The selection of type based on heat resi

27、stance is understood tobe indicative of the inherent heat resistance that can be normally expectedfrom commercial compositions. Likewise, choice of class is based on therange of volume swell normally expected from such commercial compo-sitions as established by type. The fact that a type and class o

28、f material islisted in Table 6, under Basic Requirements, indicates that materials thatmeet these requirements for heat and oil resistance are commerciallyavailable.4.5 The letter designations shall always be followed by athree-digit number to specify the hardness and the tensilestrengthfor example,

29、 505. The first digit indicates durometerhardness, Type A, for example, 5 for 50 6 5, 6 for 60 6 5. Thenext two digits indicate the minimum tensile strengthforexample, 05 for 5 MPa, 14 for 14 MPa. Correlation ofavailable materials for desired hardness and tensile strength isobtained through the elon

30、gation values in Table 6. See 7.2.5. Grade Numbers, Suffix Letters, and Number5.1 Grade NumbersSince the basic requirements do notalways describe sufficiently all the necessary qualities, provi-sion is made for deviation or adding requirements through asystem of prefix grade numbers. Grade No. 1 ind

31、icates thatonly the basic requirements are compulsory, and no suffixrequirements are permitted. Grades other than No. 1 are usedfor expressing deviation or additional requirements and arelisted as “Available Suffix Grade Numbers” in the last columnunder Basic Requirements in Table 6. A grade number

32、iswritten as a material prefix number preceding the letters fortype and class (see 9.1). Grade No. 1 is always an availablesuffix grade number, and thus is not referenced in the lastcolumn of each basic requirement table.5.2 Suffx LettersThe suffix letters that may be used,together with their meanin

33、g, appear in Table 3.5.3 Suffx NumbersEach suffix letter should preferably befollowed by two suffix numbers (see Note 6 in 8.1). The firstsuffx number always indicates the test method; time of test ispart of the method and is taken from the listings in Table 5. Thesecond suffx number, if used, alway

34、s indicates the temperatureof test and is taken from Table 4. Where three-digit numbersare required, they are separated by a dashfor example: 10;B410; F111.6. Composition and Manufacture6.1 This classification system is predicated upon materialsfurnished under a specification based thereon being man

35、ufac-tured from natural rubber, reclaimed rubber, synthetic rubber,alone or in combination, together with added compoundingingredients of such nature and quantity as to produce vulcani-zates that comply with the specified requirements.All materialsand workmanship shall be in accordance with good com

36、mer-cial practice, and the resulting product shall be free of porousareas, weak sections, bubbles, foreign matter, or other defectsaffecting serviceability.6.2 ColorWith the exception of FC, FE, FK, and GEmaterials, the values in the material tables are based on blackcompounds and comparable values

37、may not be available incolor.7. Basic Requirements7.1 The basic requirements for physical properties specifiedin Table 63are based on values obtained from standardlaboratory test specimens prepared and tested in accordancewith the applicable ASTM test methods. Test results fromspecimens prepared fro

38、m finished products may not duplicatevalues obtained from standard test specimens.NOTE 5When standard test specimens are cut from finished parts inaccordance with Practice D 3183, a deviation to the extent of 10 % (ontensile strength and elongation values only) is permissible when agreedupon by the

39、purchaser and the supplier. This deviation is permissible onlybecause of the recognized effects of knitting, grain, and buffing on thematerial when test specimens are prepared from finished parts and testedfor tensile strength and elongation. When differences due to the method ofprocessing or to the

40、 difficulty in obtaining suitable test specimens from thefinished part arise, the purchaser and the supplier may agree on acceptabledeviations. This can be done by comparing results of standard testspecimens with those obtained on actual parts.7.2 The available materials are listed in the appropriat

41、ematerial section of the table, giving each hardness and tensilestrength with its appropriate elongation value. Also, there is arepetition of the values for the basic heat and oil agingrequirements for the material resulting from the assignment oftype and class. In addition, values for compression s

42、et, nor-mally a basic requirement to ensure proper vulcanization, arespecified.7.3 Unless a suffix requirement is used to override anexisting basic requirement, the basic requirement applies.TABLE 5 ASTM Test MethodsBasic Requirementsand First Suffix No.Basic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Requirement orSuffix Le

43、tterTensile Strength,ElongationD 412,die C. . . . . . . . .3Tensile values are shown as pounds per square inch in Table 6 for informationonly.D2000083TABLE 5 ContinuedBasic Requirementsand First Suffix No.Basic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Requirement orSuffix LetterDurometer Hardness,Type AD 2240 . . . . . . .

44、 . .Suffix A, HeatResistance. D 573,70h D 865,70h D 865, 168 h D 573, 168 h D 573,1000 hD 865,1000 h. . .Suffix B, CompressionSet, Standard TestSpecimen Cut from aSlab. D 395,22h,Method B,solidD 395,70h,Method B,solidD 395,22h,Method B,pliedD 395,70h,Method B,pliedD 395,1000 h,Method B,solidD 395,10

45、00 h,Method B,plied. . .Suffix C, Ozone orWeather Resistance. D 1171,ozoneAexposure,Method AD 1171,BweatherD 1171,ozoneCexposure,Method B. . . . . .Suffix D,Compression-Deflection Resistance. D 575,Method AD 575,Method B. . . . . . .Suffix EO, OilResistance. D 471,IRM901 Oil,D,E70 hD 471,IRM902 Oil,

46、D,E70 hD 471,IRM903 Oil,D,E70 hD 471,IRM901 Oil,D,E168 hD 471,IRM902 Oil,D,E168 hD 471,IRM903 Oil,D,E168 hD 471,ServiceFluidNo.101,E,F70 hD 471,Oil asspecificallydesignatedin Table 6,70 hSuffix EF, FluidResistance. D 471, Refer-ence Fuel A,70 hD 471, Refer-ence Fuel B,70 hD 471, Refer-ence Fuel C,70

47、 hD 471, Refer-ence Fuel D,70 hD 471,85VolumePercentReferenceFuel D Plus15 VolumePercentDenaturedEthanol, 70 h. . . .Suffix EA, AqueousFluid Resistance. D 471, Dis-tilled Water,70 hGD 471, EqualParts byVolumeDistilledWater-ReagentGradeEthyleneGlycol, 70 hH. . . . . . .Suffix F, Low-TemperatureResist

48、ance. D 2137,Method A,9.3.2, 3 minD 1053, 5 min,T2,T5,T10,T50,orT100D 2137,Method A9.3.2, 22 hD 1329, 38mm die, 50 %elongation,retraction10 % minD 1329, 38mm die, 50 %elongation,retraction50 % minD 1053,5 min,T5,T10, andT10T5.Degrees ofseparationmax.ID 1329,38 mm die,50 %elongation,retraction70 % mi

49、n.Suffix G, TearResistance. D 624, die B D 624, die C . . . . . . .Suffix H, FlexResistance. D 430,Method AD 430,Method BD 430,Method C. . . . . .Suffix J, AbrasionResistance.J. . . . . . . .Suffix K, Adhesion . D 429,Method AD 429,Method BBond madeaftervulcanizationJ. . . . . .Suffix M, FlammabilityResistanceJ. . . . . . . . . .Suffix N, ImpactResistanceJ. . . . . . . . . .Suffix P, StainingResistance. D 925,Method AD 925, MethodB ControlPanel. . . . . . .Suffix R, Resilience . D 945 . . . . . . . .Suffix Z, SpecialRequirementK. .