ASTM D1485-2007(2011) Standard Practice for Rubber from Natural SourcesSampling and Sample Preparation 《天然橡胶标准规程 取样及试样制备》.pdf

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1、Designation: D1485 07 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forRubber from Natural SourcesSampling and SamplePreparation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye

2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice, intended for referee purposes, covers auniform procedure for sampling lots of solid natural rubbe

3、r.Natural rubber generally is marketed in bales or packages ofvarious sizes.1.2 A procedure for determining the acceptability of lots ofnatural rubber is given. This procedure is based on a variablesampling plan.1.3 The sample size is based on the assumption of a visuallyhomogeneous material. If obv

4、ious heterogeneity exists, thenumber of samples shall be increased.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It

5、is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1278 Test Methods for Rubber from Natural SourcesChemical AnalysisD3182 Practice

6、 for RubberMaterials, Equipment, andProcedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-ing Standard Vulcanized SheetsD3184 Practice for RubberEvaluation of NR (NaturalRubber)2.2 ANSI Standard:Z1.9 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection byVariables for Percent Defective33. Significance and Us

7、e3.1 This practice outlines a procedure for sampling andsample preparation of natural rubber. A statistical method fordetermining a quality index and lot acceptability is given. Thesampling plan is optional for quality control or production, butmay be used when needed for referee purposes.4. Samplin

8、g4.1 Sample SizeThe number of samples to be selected torepresent the lot shall be determined by the size of the lot asindicated in Table 1. A sample bale is selected randomly fromthe lot for each sample required.NOTE 1The sampling plan is more efficient for large lots. The risk forthe producer and c

9、onsumer decreases as the sample size increases.4.2 Removal of Test Portion:4.2.1 From each sample bale selected, cut one 600 to 1500-gtest portion of rubber, depending on the tests to be made. Eachtest portion is tested separately. Cut the test portion through theentire bale, normal to the bale surf

10、aces of the largest area,without the use of lubricant. Remove outer wrapping sheets,polyethylene film, bale coating, or other extraneous surfacematerial from the test portion. Unless the test portion is to betested immediately, place it in an airtight container of not morethan twice the volume of th

11、e test portion, or wrap it tightly intwo layers of aluminum foil until tested.NOTE 2In testing for volatile matter only, a sample weighing approxi-mately 150 g may be taken as a continuous piece from any part of the bale.5. Lot Acceptability5.1 Each property of the lot is evaluated separately. There

12、quirements of these tests are of two types: (1) those having asingle limit such as a minimum or maximum and (2) thosehaving double limits, that is, a minimum and a maximum. Aquality index is calculated for each property tested, and fromthis index, an estimate is made of the percent of the lot that i

13、s1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.22 on Natural Rubber.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originallyapproved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1485 07. DOI:10.152

14、0/D1485-07R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Ins

15、titute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4thFloor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.defective. If this percentage does not exceed the allowablevalues shown in Table 1, the lot is considered acceptable.5.2 Quality Ind

16、ex Calculations:5.2.1 For a requirement having a maximum limit, calculatethe quality index as follows:Q 5 U 2 X!/S (1)where:Q = quality index,U = maximum value permitted by the specification,X= mean of all sample values obtained, andS = standard deviation of the sample values.5.2.2 For a requirement

17、 having a minimum limit, calculatethe quality index as follows:Q 5 X2 L!/S (2)where:Q, X, and S = same as those for maximum value andL = minimum value permitted by the specifica-tion.5.3 Acceptability:5.3.1 For a quality characteristic having a single specifica-tion limit, a lot is acceptable if the

18、 quality index equals orexceeds the minimum quality index shown in Table 1 for theapplicable lot and sample size.5.3.2 For a quality characteristic having both an upper andlower specification limit, estimate the percentages of the lotabove the upper limit and below the lower limit from Table 2using

19、the appropriate sample size and quality index valuescalculated in 5.2. A lot is acceptable if the sum of the twopercentages does not exceed the maximum allowable percentdefective shown in Table 1 for the lot size being evaluated.6. Preparation of Rubber for Test6.1 HomogenizationWeigh the test porti

20、on to the nearest0.1 g and then homogenize by passing it ten times between therolls of a standard laboratory mill which is in accordance withPractice D3182. Set the clearance between the rolls at 1.30 60.15 mm and maintain the temperature of the roll surfaces at 706 5C. Roll the rubber after each pa

21、ss and insert the rollendwise on the next pass. Return any particles separatingduring homogenization to the rubber. On the tenth pass, sheetthe rubber and weigh it to the nearest 0.1 g. Use the initial andfinal masses in the calculation of volatile matter in accordancewith Test Methods D1278. Place

22、the homogenized rubber in anairtight container of not more than twice the volume of therubber or wrap tightly in two layers of aluminum foil untilrequired for test.6.2 Chemical TestsCut specimens from the homogenizedrubber in such amounts as are required for the specificchemical tests made in accord

23、ance with Test Methods D1278.6.3 Standard CompoundCut a portion of 400 g from thehomogenized rubber for the preparation of a standard com-pound for physical tests in accordance with Test MethodsD3184.7. Precision and Bias7.1 Precision and bias statements are not directly applicableto these sampling

24、methods, but they are pertinent to individualtest methods that will use these sampling methods.8. Keywords8.1 natural rubber; sample preperation; samplingTABLE 1 Sampling PlanNOTEThe sampling plan is based on Inspection Level III, ANSI Z1.9,and an Acceptable Quality Level of 2.5 %.Lot Size, kg (lb)S

25、ampleSizeQ Value,minAAllow-ablePercentDefec-tive,maxB300 to 4 000 (600 to 8 800) 3 1.12 7.64 001 to 6 500 (8 801 to 14 300) 4 1.17 10.96 501 to 11 000 (14 301 to 24 200) 5 1.24 9.811 001 to 18 000 (24 201 to 39 700) 7 1.33 8.418 001 to 30 000 (39 701 to 66 100) 10 1.41 7.330 001 to 50 000 (66 101 to

26、 110 200) 15 1.47 6.650 001 to 80 000 (110 201 to 176 400) 20 1.51 6.2AMinimum value of Q for quality characteristics having single specification limit.BMaximum allowable percent defective for quality characteristics having bothupper and lower specification limit.TABLE 2 Estimate of Lot Percent Defe

27、ctiveSampleSize3 4 5 7 101520Q Value Estimated Percent of Lot Above or Below Limit0.95 19.3 18.3 17.9 17.5 17.3 17.2 17.21.00 16.7 16.7 16.4 16.1 16.0 15.9 15.91.05 13.7 15.0 14.9 14.8 14.7 14.7 14.71.10 9.8 13.3 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.51.15 0.3 11.7 12.1 12.3 12.3 12.4 12.41.20 . 10.0 10.8 11.1 11.

28、2 11.3 11.41.25 . 8.7 9.7 10.2 10.4 10.5 10.61.30 . 6.7 8.2 8.9 9.2 9.4 9.51.35 . 5.0 7.0 7.9 8.3 8.5 8.61.40 . 3.3 5.9 7.0 7.4 7.7 7.81.45 . 1.7 4.8 6.1 6.6 6.9 7.01.50 . . 3.8 5.3 5.9 6.2 6.31.55 . . 2.9 4.5 5.2 5.5 5.71.60 . . 2.0 3.8 4.5 4.9 5.11.65 . . 1.3 3.2 4.0 4.4 4.51.70 . . 0.7 2.6 3.4 3.

29、8 4.01.75 . . 0.2 2.1 2.9 3.4 3.61.80 . . . 1.7 2.5 2.9 3.11.85 . . . 1.3 2.1 2.6 2.81.90 . . . 0.9 1.8 2.2 2.41.95 . . . 0.6 1.4 1.9 2.12.00 . . . 0.4 1.2 1.6 1.82.10 . . . 0.1 0.7 1.2 1.32.20 . . . . 0.4 0.8 1.02.30 . . . . 0.2 0.5 0.72.40 . . . . 0.1 0.3 0.52.50 . . . . . 0.2 0.32.60 . . . . . 0.

30、1 0.22.70 . . . . . 0.1 0.12.80 . . . . . . 0.12.90 . . . . . . .D1485 07 (2011)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the va

31、lidity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your co

32、mments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments hav

33、e not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple

34、 copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D1485 07 (2011)3