[外语类试卷]雅思(阅读)模拟试卷109及答案与解析.doc
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1、雅思(阅读)模拟试卷 109及答案与解析 一、 Reading Module (60 minutes) 0 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Bringing cinnamon to Europe Cinnamon is a sweet, fragrant spice produced from the inner bark of trees of the genus Cinnamomum, which is native to the
2、 Indian sub-continent. It was known in biblical times, and is mentioned in several books of the Bible, both as an ingredient that was mixed with oils for anointing peoples bodies, and also as a token indicating friendship among lovers and friends. In ancient Rome, mourners attending funerals burnt c
3、innamon to create a pleasant scent. Most often, however, the spice found its primary use as an additive to food and drink. In the Middle Ages, Europeans who could afford the spice used it to flavour food, particularly meat, and to impress those around them with their ability to purchase an expensive
4、 condiment from the exotic East. At a banquet, a host would offer guests a plate with various spices piled upon it as a sign of the wealth at his or her disposal. Cinnamon was also reported to have health benefits, and was thought to cure various ailments, such as indigestion. Toward the end of the
5、Middle Ages, the European middle classes began to desire the lifestyle of the elite, including their consumption of spices. This led to a growth in demand for cinnamon and other spices. At that time, cinnamon was transported by Arab merchants, who closely guarded the secret of the source of the spic
6、e from potential rivals. They took it from India, where it was grown, on camels via an overland route to the Mediterranean. Their journey ended when they reached Alexandria. European traders sailed there to purchase their supply of cinnamon, then brought it back to Venice. The spice then travelled f
7、rom that great trading city to markets all around Europe. Because the overland trade route allowed for only small quantities of the spice to reach Europe, and because Venice had a virtual monopoly of the trade, the Venetians could set the price of cinnamon exorbitantly high. These prices, coupled wi
8、th the increasing demand, spurred the search for new routes to Asia by Europeans eager to take part in the spice trade. Seeking the high profits promised by the cinnamon market, Portuguese traders arrived on the island of Ceylon in the Indian Ocean toward the end of the 15th century. Before European
9、s arrived on the island, the state had organized the cultivation of cinnamon. People belonging to the ethnic group called the Salagama would peel the bark off young shoots of the cinnamon plant in the rainy season, when the wet bark was more pliable. During the peeling process, they curled the bark
10、into the stick shape still associated with the spice today. The Salagama then gave the finished product to the king as a form of tribute. When the Portuguese arrived, they needed to increase production significantly, and so enslaved many other members of the Ceylonese native population, forcing them
11、 to work in cinnamon harvesting. In 1518, the Portuguese built a fort on Ceylon, which enabled them to protect the island, so helping them to develop a monopoly in the cinnamon trade and generate very high profits. In the late 16th century, for example, they enjoyed a tenfold profit when shipping ci
12、nnamon over a journey of eight days from Ceylon to India. When the Dutch arrived off the coast of southern Asia at the very beginning of the 17th century, they set their sights on displacing the Portuguese as kings of cinnamon. The Dutch allied themselves with Kandy, an inland kingdom on Ceylon. In
13、return for payments of elephants and cinnamon, they protected the native king from the Portuguese. By 1640, the Dutch broke the 150-year Portuguese monopoly when they overran and occupied their factories. By 1658, they had permanently expelled the Portuguese from the island, thereby gaining control
14、of the lucrative cinnamon trade. In order to protect their hold on the market, the Dutch, like the Portuguese before them, treated the native inhabitants harshly. Because of the need to boost production and satisfy Europes ever-increasing appetite for cinnamon, the Dutch began to alter the harvestin
15、g practices of the Ceylonese. Over time, the supply of cinnamon trees on the island became nearly exhausted, due to systematic stripping of the bark. Eventually, the Dutch began cultivating their own cinnamon trees to supplement the diminishing number of wild trees available for use. Then, in 1796,
16、the English arrived on Ceylon, thereby displacing the Dutch from their control of the cinnamon monopoly. By the middle of the 19th century, production of cinnamon reached 1,000 tons a year, after a lower grade quality of the spice became acceptable to European tastes. By that time, cinnamon was bein
17、g grown in other parts of the Indian Ocean region and in the West Indies, Brazil, and Guyana. Not only was a monopoly of cinnamon becoming impossible, but the spice trade overall was diminishing in economic potential, and was eventually superseded by the rise of trade in coffee, tea, chocolate, and
18、sugar. Questions 1-9 Complete the notes below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-9 on your answer sheet. The Early History of Cinnamon Biblical times: added to 【 R1】 _ used to show 【 R2】 _between people Ancient Rome: used for its sweet smell at 【 R3
19、】 _ Middle Ages: added to food, especially meat was an indication of a persons 【 R4】 _ known as a treatment for 【 R5】 _and other health problems grown in 【 R6】 _ merchants used 【 R7】 _to bring it to the Mediterranean arrived in the Mediterranean at 【 R8】 _ traders took it to 【 R9】 _and sold it to de
20、stinations around Europe 1 【 R1】 2 【 R2】 3 【 R3】 4 【 R4】 5 【 R5】 6 【 R6】 7 【 R7】 8 【 R8】 9 【 R9】 9 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement co
21、ntradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 10 The Portuguese had control over the cinnamon trade in Ceylon throughout the 16th century. ( A) TRUE ( B)假 ( C) NOT GIVEN 11 The Dutch took over the cinnamon trade from the Portuguese as soon as they arrived in Ceylon. ( A) TRU
22、E ( B)假 ( C) NOT GIVEN 12 The trees planted by the Dutch produced larger quantities of cinnamon than the wild trees. ( A) TRUE ( B)假 ( C) NOT GIVEN 13 The spice trade maintained its economic importance during the 19th century. ( A) TRUE ( B)假 ( C) NOT GIVEN 13 You should spend about 20 minutes on Qu
23、estions 1426, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below. Oxytocin The positive and negative effects of the chemical known as the love hormone A Oxytocin is a chemical, a hormone produced in the pituitary gland in the brain. It was through various studies focusing on animals that scientists first be
24、came aware of the influence of oxytocin. They discovered that it helps reinforce the bonds between prairie voles, which mate for life, and triggers the motherly behaviour that sheep show towards their newborn lambs. It is also released by women in childbirth, strengthening the attachment between mot
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- 外语类 试卷 雅思 阅读 模拟 109 答案 解析 DOC