[外语类试卷]阅读理解（事实细节题）强化练习试卷1及答案与解析.doc

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1、阅读理解（事实细节题）强化练习试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corr

2、esponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 0 The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet (饮食 )， including a variety of fruits and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet that it is necess

3、ary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins. An example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as “beri-beri“. It used to distress large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice. In the early years of this century, a scientist named Eijkman w

4、as trying to discover the cause of “beri-beri“. At first he thought it was caused by a germ. He was working in a Japanese hospital, where the patients were fed on polished rice which had the outer husk (外壳 ) removed from the grain. It was thought this would be easier for weak and sick people to dige

5、st. Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard, which were fed on leftovers (剩饭 ) from the patients plates, were also showing signs of the disease. He then tried to isolate the germ, but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who

6、 declared that the polished rice, even though left over by the patients, was too good for chickens. It should be recooked for the patients, and the chickens should be fed on cheap rice with the outer layer still on the grain. Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He beg

7、an to consider the possibility that eating unpolished rice somehow prevented or cured “beriberi“ even that a lack of some element in the husk might be the cause of the disease. Indeed this was the case. The element needed to prevent “beri-beri“ was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husks and is

8、now known as vitamin B. Nowadays, this terrible disease is much less common thanks to our knowledge of vitamins. 1 A good mixed diet_. （ A） normally contains enough vitamins （ B） still needs special provision of vitamins （ C） is suitable for losing weight （ D） is composed of fruits and vegetables 2

9、The disease “beri-beri“_. （ A） kills large numbers of Eastern peoples （ B） is a vitamin deficiency (缺乏 ) disease （ C） is caused by diseased rice （ D） can be caught from diseased chickens 3 The chickens Eijkman noticed in the hospital yard_. （ A） couldnt digest the polished rice （ B） proved “beri-ber

10、i“ is caused by germs （ C） were later cooked for the patients food （ D） were suffering from “beri-beri“ 4 According to Eijkman, polished rice_. （ A） was cheaper than unpolished rice （ B） was less nourishing (有营养的 ) than unpolished rice （ C） was more nourishing than unpolished rice （ D） cured “beri-b

11、eri“ 5 The chemical substance missing from polished rice_. （ A） was vitamin B （ B） did not affect the chickens （ C） was named the Eijkman vitamin （ D） has never been accurately identified 5 On-the-job smoking is a hot issue for both smokers and non-smokers, and many managers now see smoking as a pro

12、ductivity (生产力 ) problem. Although some people question whether smoking really affects ones productivity, it has, in fact, been proven that a smoker costs a company more than a non-smoker. According to Professor William Weis, a smoking employee costs his or her employer about $ 5, 700 more a year th

13、an a never-smoker. These costs include medical care, lost earnings and insurance. And absence due to smoking breaks is one of the productivity problems, yet it accounts for a great deal of employer costs. When the issue of smoking at the workplace is discussed, perhaps the most important problem is

14、the health risk that smoking causes to both smokers and never-smokers. It has long been proven that smoking is linked to lung cancer. Now many health experts warn that passive smoking can cause lung cancer and other illnesses in healthy never-smokers. Passive smoking can be defined as exposure to se

15、cond-hand tobacco smoke in enclosed areas. Anyone who has been with smokers indeed knows that their smoke can cause eye irritation (刺激 ), coughing, headaches and throat soreness. While eye irritation may seem a small thing to some smokers, it nevertheless is a problem that occurs every workday in of

16、fices and break-rooms and can lead to greater health problems. Employees who do not smoke should not be subjected (遭受 ) to the risks of passive smoking and need to be able to work in a safe environment. Surgeon General Koop states that the right of the smoker stops at the point where his or her smok

17、ing increases the disease risk of those occupying the same environment. 6 All the following cases are on-the-job smoking except that_. （ A） an employer smokes while working in the office （ B） a taxi driver smokes while driving the car （ C） a worker-smokesrwhile working in the workshop （ D） a worker

18、smokes while reading in the train 7 According to the passage, on-the-job smoking affects an employees performance in the office in that_. （ A） he cant concentrate on what he is doing while smoking （ B） he often goes away from his desk to smoke in the break-room （ C） he often asks for sick leave as a

19、 result of too much smoking （ D） he takes a rest from time to time because of eye irritation 8 Many managers do not seem to be in favor of on-the-job smoking mainly because it （ A） reduces productivity of the company to a certain degree （ B） does harm to the health of never-smokers of the company （

20、C） affects the relationship between smokers and non-smokers （ D） makes the break-rooms more crowded and more polluted 9 Passive smoking means_. （ A） never-smokers take up the habit of smoking unwillingly （ B） never-smokers have to put up with the active smokers （ C） never-smokers take in smoke relea

21、sed by a lit cigarette （ D） never-smokers share an enclosed area with smokers 10 In the second part of the passage, the author suggests banning (禁止 ) on-the-job smoking so as to_. （ A） cut down costs of medical care and insurance （ B） create a healthy and safe working environment （ C） prevent eye ir

22、ritation from becoming a big health problem （ D） improve the smoking employees work efficiency 10 Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed (紧抱的 ) flowers and

23、insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages, I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic. Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large famil

24、y of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal-clear memory of dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and above all, the insects. I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied inv

25、estigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil, reading about other peoples observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle (谜 ), because it al

26、l seems to fit together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honor with the title of scientific research. But curiosity, a keen eye-, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist; one of the outstanding and essential qualitie

27、s required is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of born worlds. 11 According to the author, a born naturalist should first of all be_. （ A） full of enthusiasm （ B） self-disciplined （ C） full of ambition （ D）

28、 knowledgeable 12 The first paragraph tells us that the author_. （ A） lost his hearing when he was a child （ B） didnt like his brothers and sisters （ C） was born to a naturalists family （ D） was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood 13 The author says that he is a naturalist rather than

29、 a scientist probably because he thinks he_. （ A） just reads about other peoples observations and discoveries （ B） comes up with solutions in most natural ways （ C） has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmetic （ D） lacks some of the qualities required of scientist 14 The author cant remember

30、his relatives clearly because_. （ A） he was fully occupied with observing nature （ B） he didnt live very long with them （ C） the family was extremely large （ D） he was too young when he lived with them 15 Which of the following statement is true? （ A） The author believes that a born naturalist canno

31、t be a scientist. （ B） The authors brothers and sisters were good at music and languages. （ C） The author read a lot of books about the natural world and the oil industry. （ D） The author spent a lot of time working on riddles. 阅读理解（事实细节题）强化练习试卷 1答案与解析 一、 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Direction

32、s: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the cente

33、r. 【知识模块】 事实细节题 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章细节的理解。根据关键词 定位到第一段第一句话，可知混合性的食物一般来说能够提供足够的维生素。因此选择 A。 B项张冠李戴，应该是 restricted diet需要特别补充。 C项未提到。 D项由蔬果组成，显然也不对，因为后文还提到了 rice。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查考生根据文章内容的推理判断的能力。 A项是对第二段第二句话的曲解， distress(使忧伤 )不等于 kill。 C项和 D项是对 rice和 chicken的曲解。而根据第二段第一句可知这种病

34、与 restricted diet有 关，而第一段说若只以restricted diet为食，需要额外补充维生素，因此可以推断出脚气病是一种维生素缺乏症。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章细节的理解。 A项未提到。 B项是对文章第三段第一句话的曲解，这句话说，艾克曼开始的时候认为鸡吃了精米后生病是因为细菌的传染 ,但是后来第四段说，当鸡吃了糙米以后逐渐变得健康，这使得艾克曼放弃了自己之前的理论，开始觉得这种疾病是由于精米中缺乏某种物质造成的。 C项未提及。因此选 D。 【知识模块】 事 实细节题 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查考生根

35、据文章内容进行推断的能力。文章中说精米缺乏某种物质，而改吃糙米后能够改善这种状况，说明糙米比精米更有营养。 A、 D两项与文意相反。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章细节的理解。根据文章最后一段可以知道，精米中所缺少的物质是维生素 B。因此选 A。 B项与文意相反。 C项未提及。 D项与文意相反。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 【知识模块】 事实细节题 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题是细节推断题。要求根据文章对 on-thejob smoking的解释，来判断哪种情况不是 on-the-job smoking。 A项，一个员工在办公室吸烟。

36、 B项，一个出租车司机在开车的时候吸烟。 C项，一个工人在工作室里面吸烟。 D项，一个工人在火车上吸烟。因为 D项只是在公共场所吸烟，而不是在工作的时候吸烟，所以选 D项。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题是细节题。问工作中吸烟为什么会影响雇员的工作表现。定位到第一段最后一句话 “And absence due to smoking breaks isemployer costs ”(因出去吸烟而离开座位是影响生产力的问题之一，而且它还占据了雇佣成本的一大部分。 )可以知道 B为正确选项。 A项在文章中未提到； C项是对该句话 (absence due to

37、smoking breaks因出去吸烟而离开座位 )意思的曲解； D项与文意相反(While eye irritation may seem a small thing to some smokers)。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 8 【正确答 案】 A 【试题解析】 本题是细节题。问经理们不支持工作期间吸烟的原因。定位到第一段，经理们关心的事情显然是与生产力相关的事情。 C、 D两项未提及。而 B项并非经理们所关心的事情。所以选 A。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题是词汇题。定位到文章的第二段 “Now many health experts warnin

38、 enclosed areas ”这两句话。比较四个选项，只有 D项最符合被动吸烟的含义。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对作者写作目的的把握。问作者建议禁止工作期间吸烟的目的是什么。根据第二段第一句话可以明显看出本篇文章的倾向， “the most important problem is the health risk”，因此可以轻易排除 A、 D两项。再根据“Employees who do not smoke should not be subjected(遭受 )to the risks of passive smoking and ne

39、ed to be able to work in a safe environment ”可以断定答案为 B。而 C项曲解了文意。作者不仅不希望雇员有大的健康问题 (becoming a big health problem)，而且也不希望雇员在工作期间遭受 eye irritation等小的健康风险。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 【知识模块】 事实细节题 11 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章细节的把握。根据题干关键信息 “a born naturalist should first of all be”，定位到原文第三段第二 句话 “I have a strong love

40、 of the natural world， and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations ”A项 “full of enthusiasm”是 “strong love”的同义替换。由此可知，答案为 A。 B项“self disciplined”在最后一段第二行提到过，但是作者说这恰是一种 “我 ”缺乏的品质， “a quality I lack”。而 C项和 D项文章中均未提到。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 12 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对段落大意的把握。 A项是对 “I had no ear for mus

41、ic and languages”的曲解，句子本意是 “没有音乐和语言的天赋 ”，而不是 “自幼失聪 ”。 B项是对 “Unlike them”的误读，句子本意是 “和他们不一样 ”，而不是 “不喜欢他们 ”。 C项文章中未提及。用排除法并结合下文可知答案为 D。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 13 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查考生根据已知信息进行推断的能力。根据题干 “作者说自己是 一个博物学家而不是科学家，可能是因为他认为自己 ” ，可知出题人是在对 “科学家 ”和 “博物学家 ”进行比较，因此定位到第四段： “one of the outstanding and essentia

42、l qualities required is self-discipline， a quality I lack ”可知答案为D。第三段作者提到自己喜欢阅读其他人的观察记录和新发现，但是并没有说除此之外的书籍一律不读，而且这也不是 “科学家 ”和 “博物学家 ”的区别所在，因此 A项不正确。 B项 “用最自然的方法提出解决方案 ”文 章未提及。 C项 “在心算方面有很大麻烦 ”不是作者要着重强调的。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 14 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章细节的把握。根据题干关键诃 “remember”、“relatives”可知应定位到第二段。作者记不住那些亲戚的

43、原因是他只顾观察那些动植物、昆虫之类的自然世界了。所以答案为 A，他忙于观察自然。 B项他和他们在一起住的时间不够长，文章并没有提到时间长短问题。 C项 “家庭实在太大 ”不符合文章主旨。 D项 “和他们在一起时他太小 ”也未提到。 【知识模块】 事实 细节题 15 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文意的理解。作者的主要观点是： “博物学家 ”是天生的，而 “科学家 ”是后天培养的。而文章并未提到天生的博物学家是否能够成为科学家，因此 A项是错误的。 B项可以根据第一段的 “Unlike them， I had no ear for music and languages， I

44、was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic”得出。 C项错在 “and the oil industry”。第三段的 “burning the midnight oil”是 “开夜车，点灯夜读 ”的意思，而不是 “石油工业 ”。 D项作者花大量时间解答谜语，这一选项的迷惑性较大。它是对第三段 “Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle”的误解。文章原意是作者通过大量的观察、讨论和阅读之后，会突然发现自己找到了这些谜团的答案，因而感到欣喜和快乐，而不是花大量的时间空想这些谜团应如何解答。 【知识模块】 事实细节题