[外语类试卷]职称英语（综合类）B级模拟试卷5及答案与解析.doc

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1、职称英语（综合类） B级模拟试卷 5及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 We cannot always count on the wind, so new windmills should be so designed that they can also be driven by water. （ A） hang on （ B） depend on （ C） hold on （ D） come on 2 If we terminate our rel

2、ations with that country, well have to find another supplier of raw materials. （ A） diffuse （ B） diminish （ C） end （ D） preclude 3 The store had to fire a number of clerks because sales were down. （ A） lay out （ B） lay off （ C） lay aside （ D） lay down 4 Our teacher notified us that there would be te

3、st on Monday. （ A） advised （ B） assured （ C） informed （ D） disclosed 5 Lets arrange the provisional meeting for next Wednesday, even though we may have to change it. （ A） tentative （ B） practical （ C） local （ D） commercial 6 Once upon a time they used to mine coals in these valleys. （ A） At a time （

4、 B） At one time （ C） At times （ D） At the time 7 The primary reason why the Constitution requires a census every ten years is to provide a basis for the apportionment (分配，分摊 ) of representative among the states. （ A） offend （ B） present （ C） consume （ D） supply 8 A well-written composition need good

5、 choice of words and clear organization among other things. （ A） calls on （ B） calls for （ C） calls up （ D） calls off 9 Jim reckoned that we were only a few miles from our destination when our car broke down. （ A） estimated （ B） figured （ C） realized （ D） assessed 10 The tree fell on the roof of a c

6、ar and crushed it. （ A） exploded （ B） smashed （ C） fetched （ D） touched 11 We can divide reading skills into two: the eyes track across the page, and the mind takes in what the eyes see. （ A） holds （ B） receives （ C） follows （ D） absorbs 12 Although he was under no obligation the shopkeeper replaced

7、 the defective battery free of charge. （ A） guarantee （ B） duty （ C） power （ D） authority 13 The director was critical of the way we were doing the work. （ A） satisfied at （ B） particular about （ C） puzzled with （ D） surprised at 14 The mother counselled her daughter on how to behave at the ball. （

8、A） conferred （ B） advised （ C） reproved （ D） congratulated 15 He paused for a moment, then continued speaking. （ A） sat （ B） stood （ C） shook （ D） stopped 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Weather and forecas

9、t Many of the most damaging and life-threatening types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorm, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate (消散 ) rapidly, devastating (毁坏 ) small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the north-e

10、astern section of Edmonton Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available w

11、eather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such lim

12、ited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events. Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or “Nowcast“, was not feasible.

13、 The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable (不能克服的 ). Fortunately, scientific and technological advances ha

14、ve overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observations over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, a

15、nd modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecas

16、ters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality. 16 The author mentions the tornado in Edmonton, Canada, in order to give an example of a damaging storm. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not m

17、entioned 17 Weather balloon is an advance in short-range weather forecasting. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 With Nowcasting, it first became possible to provide information about short-lived local storms. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The observation-intensive approach is

18、 no longer useful. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Communications satellites can predict severe weather. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Nowcasting would be best illustrated by a warning about a severe thunder-storm on the radio. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Me

19、teorologists should standardize computer programs. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要 求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Computer Security 1. As the business sector, and indeed all of our socie

20、ty, becomes more dependent on computers, concern about computer security grows. According to Business Week, roughly $1 trillion is transferred every day via computer networks. Yet a knowledgeable person can, with relative ease, access a computer system and cause serious damage. Estimates of the annu

21、al cost of computer crime range from $ I billion to $ 2 billion. 2. One of the most recent computer problems firms face is called a “computer virus“. A virus is a type of computer program that is intentionally hidden in other computer programs. When a program with a virus comes into contact with oth

22、er programs, the virus attacks the other programs. Some viruses can destroy every bit of information in a computer. Businesses also fact the problem of losing highly confidential data to computer hackers. These individuals break into computer systems and steal information or damage programs. 3. Comp

23、uter viruses and computer hackers present a huge potential risk to firms. They have shut down entire computer systems in some large companies. 4. Fortunately, business firms can now obtain insurance coverage for losses from computer crime. Although some policies specifically cover computer viruses,

24、many others were drafted before computer viruses became a problem. These policies generally insure all risks of direct physical loss or damage, unless something is specifically excluded. The issue then becomes whether or not the damage caused by a computer virus is a physical loss. In some cases, in

25、surance companies have maintained that information lost on a computer is not physical property and thus is not covered by a traditional all-risk policy. 5. Many insurance companies are beginning to use policy language that deals specifically with the loss of computer information. In this way, the in

26、sured understands what is covered, and the insurance company can avoid a large, unexpected loss. Courts have held that information stored on the computer is tangible (切实的 ) property in tax cases. In property insurance cases, they may handle the destruction of computer information the same way. Destr

27、uction of valuable information, therefore, could result in a catastrophic loss that is covered under an all- risk policy unless there is limiting language. 23 A.Fatalness from viruses and hackers B.Two primary dangerous factors: virus and hacker C.How the viruses and hackers destroy our computers th

28、e loss of computer information D.Attitudes towards E.The best way to protect our computers F.The policies about the viruses 23 Paragraph 2 _. 24 Paragraph 3 _. 25 Paragraph 4 _. 26 Paragraph 5 _. 27 A.viruses and hackers B.tangible property C.worth doing D.attacks other programs E.except information

29、 lost F.all the crimes 27 From this passage, we know that the most important factors in computer security are _. 28 A virus is such a program that it is hidden in other programs and _. 29 In some cases, insurance companies will compensate the customers all the losses _. 30 Now courts think informati

30、on stored in the computer is also _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Reasoning Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what causes malnutrition, the decay of cities,

31、or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sulphur of lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage in rivers and the sea, of staying up late on the night before an examination? Causal reasoning may go from cause to effect or from effect to cause. Eithe

32、r way, we reason from what we know to what we want to find out, Sometimes we reason from an effect to a cause and then on to another effect. Thus, if we reason that because the lights have gone out, the refrigerator wont work, we first relate the effect (lights out) to the cause (power off) and then

33、 relate that cause to another effect (refrigerator not working). This kind of reasoning is calls, for short, effect to effect. It is quite common to reason through an extensive chain of causal relations. When the lights go out we might reason in the following causal chain: lights out power off refri

34、gerator not workingtemperature will rise milk will sour. In other words, we diagnose a succession of effects from the power failure, each becoming the cause of the next. Causes are classified as necessary, sufficient, or contributory. A necessary cause is one which must be present for the effect to

35、occur, as combustion is necessary to drive a gasoline engine. A sufficient cause is one which can produce an effect unaided, though there may be more than one sufficient cause: a dead battery is enough to keep a car from starting, but faulty spark plugs or an empty gas tank will have the same effect

36、. A contributory cause is one which helps to produce an effect but cannot do so by itself, as running through a red light may. help cause an accident, though other factors-pedestrians or other cars in the intersection must also be present. In establishing or refuting (驳倒 ) a causal relation it is us

37、ually necessary to show the process by which the alleged (所谓的 ) cause produces the effect. Such an explanation is called a causal process. 31 What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about _. （ A） relationships between cause and results （ B） classification of reasoning （ C）

38、 some other common types of reasoning （ D） some special type of reasoning 32 According to the passage, to do the “effect to effect“ reasoning is to reason _. （ A） from cause to effect （ B） from effect to cause （ C） from effect to effect and on to cause （ D） from effect to cause and on to another eff

39、ect 33 A necessary cause is _. （ A） one without which it is impossible for the effect to occur （ B） one of the causes that can produce the effect （ C） one that is enough to make the effect occur （ D） none of them 34 Your refrigerator is not working and you have found that the electric power has been

40、 cut off. The power failure is a _. （ A） necessary cause （ B） sufficient cause （ C） contributory cause （ D） none of them 35 This passage mainly discusses _. （ A） causal reasoning （ B） various types of reasoning （ C） classification of causes （ D） the causal process 36 How to download? There are liter

41、ally millions and millions of files available all over the Internet. With a simple search command, you can find fonts, programs, games, graphics, sounds, movies, stationery, and just about anything else that you can imagine. In order to get these products and files, you must learn how to download. H

42、ere are some of the things that are recommended. Make sure you have an anti-virus program installed, operational and with up-to-date definitions. This is critical as you may run across a virus and if so, you could put your entire computer at risk. Anti-virus software is an inexpensive insurance. If

43、you are going to install a program, be sure that youve updated your emergency disk and have a recent backup. This is very important for downloads that change system information. Store your downloads in a special directory. Create a directory called “Distributions,“ and inside that directory put subd

44、irectories one subdirectory for each product. In those subdirectories, save the setup files, documentation and anything else that you need to install the program. Store your downloaded treasures on a drive other than the C drive. This is to keep your C drive for system files and applications, and yo

45、ur other drives for data. Find the files to download. There are so many sites with files to download that it would be impossible to list them all in one place. There are literally thousands of sites with just graphics and clip are files alone, much less programs, games and everything else. Some good

46、 places to start looking include: Softseek. com lots of good shareware and freeware products download, com more programs to download Save the downloaded file in your download directory. Decompress the downloaded file. A lot of downloads need to be decompressed. The “. ZIP“ file type means the file i

47、s compressed and must be decompressed before it can be used. You can do this with any number of utilities, including Conversion Plus and Winzip. Files ending with an “.EXE“ must be executed. These files will typically begin a dialog for installation once you double-click on the file. Install or use

48、the downloaded files. If youve downloaded a program, then install it. For graphics and sounds and such, use as appropriate. Clean up. If you are limited on disk space, you should delete the . ZIP or . EXE file that you downloaded once youve installed the application. You should also clean up any oth

49、er miscellaneous files that are left over from the download process. Delete the files in TEMP directory after doing any kind of installation. 36 Before you download anything from the Internet, you should first of all _. （ A） make sure that you have installed anti-virus program （ B） make sure that you have updated your backup （ C） create a directory to store your downloads （ D） make sure that you have cleaned up your disk space 37 Why should you update your emergency disk before installing a