[外语类试卷]职称英语（综合类）B级模拟试卷27及答案与解析.doc

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1、职称英语（综合类） B级模拟试卷 27及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The town is famous for its magnificent church towers. （ A） distinguished （ B） contemporary （ C） specialized （ D） specified 2 The economic reform in Japan has been accelerated. （ A） sped up （ B

2、） put off （ C） slowed down （ D） stopped 3 During his lifetime he was able to accumulate quite a fortune. （ A） control （ B） spend （ C） collect （ D） exchange 4 Its impolite to cut in when two persons are holding a conversation. （ A） leave （ B） talk loudly （ C） stand up （ D） interrupt 5 What can you do

3、 to ensure that you will stay healthy? （ A） be assured （ B） insist （ C） prove （ D） secure 6 I didnt help him. I would have, however, I didnt have the money. （ A） or （ B） but （ C） otherwise （ D） still 7 Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990. （ A） in （ B） around （ C） from （ D） befor

4、e 8 The teams spirit was at the lowest point in the season. （ A） ability to read （ B） lesson （ C） morale （ D） talent 9 Mary had sold her bike, taken a driving test and bought a car. （ A） examination （ B） quiz （ C） exercise （ D） check 10 We have to think very carefully before we take any action, beca

5、use its a very serious/u situation we have encountered. （ A） ideal （ B） favourable （ C） good （ D） severe 11 Its tough looking for a job these days. （ A） different （ B） digital （ C） difficult （ D） direct 12 I wonder who first conceived the idea of cutting a hole in the door. （ A） thought of （ B） came

6、 on （ C） gave up （ D） handed out 13 John talked over the new job with his wife. （ A） discussed （ B） mentioned （ C） accepted （ D） rejected 14 Tom is still full of beans at 70. （ A） courageous （ B） kind （ C） energetic （ D） single 15 It took me a whole hour to solve the problem. （ A） work at （ B） work

7、on （ C） work out （ D） work over 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 The Science of Persuasion If leadership consists of getting things done through others, then persuasion is one of the leaders essential tools.

8、 Many executives have assumed that this tool is beyond their grasp, available only to the charismatic (有魅力的 ) and the eloquent. Over the past several decades, though, experimental psychologists have learned which methods reliably lead people to concede, comply, or change. Their research shows that p

9、ersuasion is governed by several principles that can be taught and applied. The first principle is that people are more likely to follow someone who is similar to them than someone who is not. Wise managers, then, ask peers to help make their cases. Second, people are more willing to cooperate with

10、those who are not only like them but who like them, as well. So its worth the time to uncover real similarities and offer genuine praise. Third, experiments confirm the intuitive truth that people tend to treat you the way you treat them. Its sound policy to do a favor before seeking one. Fourth, in

11、dividuals are more likely to keep promises they make voluntarily and clearly. The message for managers here is to get commitments in writing. Fifth, studies show that people really do defer to(服从 ) experts. So before they attempt to exert influence, executives should take pains to establish their ow

12、n expertise and not assume that its self-evident. Finally, people want more of a commodity when its scarce; it follows, then, that exclusive information is more persuasive than widely available data. 16 Experiments have confirmed the assumption of many executives. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not ment

13、ioned 17 People are more likely to cooperate with those who like them. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Managers do not employ those who are quite different from them. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 There is no need for a manager to find out the merits of his employees. （ A）

14、Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Experiments have shown that, contrary to our expectation, people tend to treat you the way you treat them. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 There are as many wise managers as there are stupid ones. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Exclusiv

15、e information is more persuasive than widely known data. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Global Warming 1 Smoke is clouding our view of global warming, prot

16、ecting the planet from perhaps three quarters of the greenhouse (温室 ) effect. That might sound like good news, but experts say that as the cover diminishes in coming decades, we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses. 2 This

17、was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin, where top atmospheric scientists got together, including Nobel prize winner Paul Crutzen and Swedish scientist Bert Bolin, former chairman of the UNS Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 3 IPCC scientists hav

18、e suspected for a decade that aerosols (浮质 ) of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest, crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide (二氧化物 ) emissions. Until now, they reckoned that aerosols reduced greenhouse warming by perhaps

19、a quarter, cutting increases by 0.2 . So the 0.6 of warming over the past century would have been 0.8 without aerosols. 4 But the Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure is even higher aerosols may have reduced global warming by as much as three-quarters, cutting increases by 1.8 . If so, the

20、 good news is that aerosols have prevented the world getting almost two degrees warmer than it is now. But the bad news is that the climate system is much more sensitive to greenhouse gases than previously guessed. 5 As those gases are expected to continue accumulating in the atmosphere while aeroso

21、ls stabilize or fall, that means “dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change“, the scientists agreed in a draft report from the workshop. A. Atmospheric Scientists B. The Calculations Made at the Berlin Workshop C. The Previous Calculations of the Effect of Aerosols D. The Scientis

22、ts Agreement E. The Authoritative Conclusion F. Greenhouse Gases 23 Paragraph 2 _. 24 Paragraph 3 _. 25 Paragraph 4 _. 26 Paragraph 5 _. 26 A. will influence future climate change B. was somewhat surprising C. will rise rapidly D. was known to US all E. was much higher than had been expected F. will

23、 drop dramatically 27 When the cover diminishes in the coming decades, temperature _. 28 The conclusion reached at the Berlin workshop _. 29 The Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure _. 30 The increase of greenhouse gases _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项

24、。 30 Electronic Mail During the past few years, scientists all over the world have suddenly found themselves productively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding writing, any kind of writing, but particularly letter writing. Encouraged by electronic mails surprisingly high speed, conven

25、ience and economy, people who never before touched the stuff are regularly, skillfully, even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence. Electronic networks, woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days, are the route to colleagues in distant countries, shared data, bullet

26、in boards and electronic journals. Anyone with a personal computer, a modem and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on. An estimated five million scientists have done so with more joining every day, most of them Communicating through a bundle of interconnected domestic and f

27、oreign routes known collectively as the Internet, or net. E-mail is starting to edge out the fax, the telephone, overnight mail, and of course, land mail. It shrinks time and distance between scientific collaborators, in part because it is conveniently asynchronous (异步的 ). (Writer can type while the

28、ir colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will be waiting). If it is not yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating communication. Jeremy Bernstein, the physicist and science writer, once called E-mail the physicists umbilical cord (脐带 ). Later other people, too, have been dis

29、covering its connective virtues. Physicists are using it; college students are using it; everybody is using it; and as a sign that it has come of age, the New Yorker has celebrated its liberating presence with a cartoon an appreciative dog seated at a keyboard, saying happily, “On the Internet, nobo

30、dy knows youre a dog. “ 31 The reasons given below about the popularity of E-mail can be found in the passage EXCEPT _. （ A） direct and reliable （ B） time-saving in delivery （ C） money-saving （ D） available at any time 32 How is internet or net explained in the passage? （ A） Electronic routes used t

31、o read home and international journals （ B） Electronic routes used to fax or correspond overnight （ C） Electronic routes waiting for correspondence while one is sleeping （ D） Electronic routes connected among millions of users, home and abroad 33 What does the sentence “If it is not yet speeding dis

32、coveries, it is certainly accelerating communication“ most probably mean? （ A） The quick speed of discoveries may have ill effects on discoveries （ B） Although it dose not speed up correspondence, it helps to make discoveries （ C） It quickens mutual communication even if it does not accelerate disco

33、veries （ D） It shrinks time for communication and accelerates discoveries 34 Why is a dog sitting before a computer keyboard in a cartoon published by New Yorkers? （ A） Even dogs are interested in the computer （ B） E-mail has become very popular （ C） Dogs are liberated from their usual duties （ D） E

34、-mail deprives dogs of their owners love 35 What will happen to fax, land mail, overnight mail, etc. according to the writer? （ A） Their functions cannot be replaced by E-mail （ B） They will co-exist with E-mail for a long time （ C） Less and less people will use them （ D） They will play a supplement

35、ary function to E-mail 35 The American Industry A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times l

36、arger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the worlds best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed. It was inevitable that this

37、primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shru

38、nk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Koreas LG Electronics in July. ) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market Americas machine-tool industry w

39、as on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty. All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that t

40、heir way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of Americas industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition f

41、rom overseas. How things have changed ! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.

42、“American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,“ according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvards Kennedy School of Government, “It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,“ says S

43、tephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States. “ 36 The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War because _. （

44、 A） it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal （ B） its domestic market was eight times larger than before （ C） the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors （ D） the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy 37 The loss of U. S. predominance i

45、n the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American _. （ A） TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market （ B） semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises （ C） machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions （ D） auto industry had lost par

46、t of its domestic market 38 What can be inferred from the passage? （ A） It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride. （ B） Intense competition may contribute to economic progress. （ C） The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation. （ D） A long history of success m

47、ay pave the way for further development. 39 The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the _. （ A） turning of the business cycle （ B） restructuring of industry （ C） improved business management （ D） success in education 40 What does “the American in

48、dustry has gone on a diet“ mean? （ A） Employees in the American industry are on a diet. （ B） The American industry has reduced redundant staff. （ C） The American industry has shrunk. （ D） The American industry has been made more efficient. 40 Barbie Dolls In the mid 1940s, the young ambitious duo Ru

49、th and Elliot Handler, owned a company that made wooden pictures frames. It was in 1945 that Ruth and Elliot Handler joined with their close friend Harold Mattson to form a company would be named MATTEL, MATT for Mattson, and EL for Elliot. In the mid 1950s, while visiting Switzerland, Ruth Handler purchased a German Lilli doll. Lilli was a shapely, pretty fashion doll first made in 1955. She was originally fashioned after a