[外语类试卷]职称英语（理工类）A级模拟试卷25及答案与解析.doc

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1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 25及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The movie has a satisfying ending. （ A） pleasing （ B） sad （ C） interesting （ D） horrific 2 The bad news upset me very much. （ A） disturb （ B） sadden （ C） anger （ D） disappoint 3 There are vari

2、ous kinds of food in China. （ A） lot （ B） many （ C） different （ D） delicious 4 The food is insufficient for three people. （ A） instant （ B） infinite （ C） inexpensive （ D） inadequate 5 If wool is put into hot water, it tends to shrink. （ A） disappear （ B） expand （ C） break （ D） contract 6 He endured

3、great pain before he finally expired. （ A） fired （ B） resigned （ C） died （ D） retreated 7 Its sensible to start any exercise program gradually at first. （ A） workable （ B） reasonable （ C） possible （ D） available 8 A great deal has been done to remedy the situation. （ A） maintain （ B） improve （ C） as

4、sess （ D） protect 9 The chemical is deadly to rats but safe to cattle. （ A） fatal （ B） hateful （ C） good （ D） useful 10 A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water. （ A） boiled （ B） polluted （ C） mixed （ D） sweetened 11 In order to improve our standard of living, we have to acce

5、lerate production. （ A） involve （ B） decrease （ C） speed up （ D） give up 12 For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business. （ A） strange （ B） personal （ C） complex （ D） funny 13 It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times. （ A） su

6、ggested （ B） warned （ C） stated （ D） confirmed 14 Her treatment of the subject is exhaustive. （ A） very boring （ B） very thorough （ C） very interesting （ D） very touching 15 Her mood can be gauged by her reaction to the most trivial of incidents. （ A） displayed （ B） shown （ C） proved （ D） assessed 二

7、、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Plants and Mankind Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We dont know what our Stone Age ancestors (祖先 ) knew about plan

8、ts, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. They have always been enormously (巨大地 ) important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, Medi

9、cines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon (亚马逊河 ) recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge“ at all. Unfortunately, the more industrial

10、ized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid (淡紫色的 ). When our Neolithic

11、 (新石器时代 ) ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed t

12、he marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of

13、 experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away. 16 It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 People cannot survive without plants. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18

14、 Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Today people usually acquire a large amount o

15、f botanical knowledge from textbooks. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties

16、that grew wild. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 How We Form First Impression 1 We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form

17、an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits? 2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference i

18、n how a persons eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming “signals“ are compared against a host of “memories“ stored

19、 in the brain areas called the cortex (大脑皮层 )system to determine what these new signals “mean“. 3 If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe“. If you see someone new, it says, “new potentially threatening“. Then your brain starts to match features of this stra

20、nger with other “known“ memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I dont like this person. “ Or else, “I am intrigued. “ Or your brain may perceive a new face but

21、familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person. “ But these preliminary “impressions“ can be dead wrong. 4 When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking ( not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes sim

22、plistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people their history, interests, values, strengths, and true character we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks. 5 However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be awar

23、e of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the persons character, we use a different, more mature style of think ing and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane. A. Ways of Departure from

24、Immature and Simplistic Impressions B. Comment on First Impression C. Illustration of First Impression D. Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories E. Threatening Aspect of First Impressions F. Differences Among Jocks, Geeks and Freaks 23 Paragraph 2 _. 24 Paragraph 3 _. 25 Paragraph 4

25、 _. 26 Paragraph 5 _. 26 A. a strangers less mature type of thinking B. the most complex areas of our cortex C. the immature form of thinking of a very young child D. the meaning of incoming sensory information E. the sights and sounds of the world F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thi

26、nking 27 Sensory information is one that is perceived through _. 28 You interpret _ by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain. 29 The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to _. 30 We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to _

27、. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Doubts and Debates over the Worth of MBA Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business worlds favorite academic ti

28、tle: the MBA ( Master of Business Administration). The MBA, a 20th-century product always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed (贪婪 ) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature. But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of bu

29、siness school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day. “If you are going into the c

30、orporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,“ said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, Should I attempt to get an MBA, the answer a lot more is: It depends. “ The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs,

31、 such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc. has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught. The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complai

32、nts about business degree holders. The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing“ and said “MBAs wants to move up too fast, they dont understand politics and people, and they arent able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, theyre out looking for other jobs. “ Th

33、e problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环 ) of future riches and power for beyond its actual importance and usefulness. Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business

34、career could do with out one. The growth was fueled by a backlash (反冲 ) against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the womens movement. Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating peop

35、le. “They dont get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business,“ said James Shaffer, vice president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm. 31 According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines? （ A） Env

36、ious. （ B） Scornful. （ C） Realistic. （ D） Appreciative. 32 It seems that the controversy over the values of MBA degrees has been fueled mainly by_. （ A） the success of many non MBAs （ B） the complaints from various employers （ C） the performance of MBAs at work （ D） the criticism from the scientists

37、 of purer disciplines 33 What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to The Harvard Business Review? （ A） They are not good at dealing with people. （ B） They keep complaining about their jobs. （ C） They are usually self centered. （ D） They are aggressive and greedy. 34 From the passage we kn

38、ow that most MBAs_. （ A） can climb the corporate ladder fairly quickly （ B） cherish unrealistic expectations about their future （ C） quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmates （ D） receive salaries that do not match their professional training 35 What is the passage mainly about? （

39、A） A debate held recently on university campuses. （ B） Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree. （ C） Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programmes. （ D） The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools. 35 Benefit Payments to American Workers German Chancellor (首相 )Otto V

40、on Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy (遗产 ) includes many of todays social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a r

41、esult of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion (怜悯 )for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement. Chancellor Bismarck created the worlds first workers compensation law in 1884. By 1908, the United Sta

42、tes was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers compensation insurance. Americas injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer

43、 negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers compensation law in the country passed in 1911, and the program soon spread throughout the nation. After World War , benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost

44、 of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers compensation. Two year

45、s later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states average weekly wages. In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states average weekly wages in 1972 t

46、o 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers compensation system, its not surprising that doctors and lawyers have h

47、elped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie. 36 The worlds first workers compensation law was introduced by Bismarck_. （ A） for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement （ B） out of religious and political considerations （ C） to speed up the pace of industrialization （ D） t

48、o make industrial production safer 37 We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe_. （ A） met growing resistance from laborers working at machines （ B） resulted in the development of popular social insurance programs （ C） was accompanied by an increased number of worksho

49、p accidents （ D） required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplace 38 One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in the early 19th century was that_. （ A） they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the accident （ B） Americas average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of living （ C） different state in the U.S. had totally different compensatio