[外语类试卷]职称英语（卫生类）A级模拟试卷4及答案与解析.doc

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1、职称英语（卫生类） A级模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The union representative put across her argument very effectively. （ A） explained （ B） invented （ C） considered （ D） accepted 2 He talks tough but has a tender heart. （ A） heavy （ B） mild （ C）

2、kind （ D） wild 3 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy. （ A） making （ B） taking （ C） discussing （ D） expecting 4 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing. （ A） waste （ B） buy （ C） use （ D） sell 5 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters. （ A） fun

3、ction （ B） ability （ C） power （ D） volume 6 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs. （ A） tensely （ B） nearly （ C） carefully （ D） closely 7 Her faith upheld her in times of sadness. （ A） supported （ B） excited （ C） inspired （ D） directed 8 The book provides a concise analysis of the countrys h

4、istory. （ A） clean （ B） perfect （ C） real （ D） brief 9 It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times. （ A） suggested （ B） warned （ C） stated （ D） described 10 The council meeting terminated at 2 oclock. （ A） began （ B） continued （ C） ended （ D） re

5、sumed 11 A red flag was placed there as a token of danger. （ A） sign （ B） substitute （ C） proof （ D） target 12 However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change. （ A） reluctant （ B） eager （ C） pleased （ D） angry 13 It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action a

6、nd did not merely requlate or enlarge an old one. （ A） manage （ B） control （ C） revise （ D） outset 14 The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area. （ A） deny （ B） investigate （ C） stress （ D） create 15 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has grea

7、tly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water. （ A） gradually （ B） suddenly （ C） excessively （ D） exceptionally 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个 句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 The Doctor in America Self-employed private physicians wh

8、o charge a fee for each patient visit have been the norm for American medical practice. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in their community. They refer their patients as needed to the hospital, which usually charges according to the number of days a patient sta

9、ys and the facilities - X-rays, operating rooms, tests - he or she uses. Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or

10、 work for the federal governments Public Health Service. Physicians are among the best-paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors to earn incomes of more than $100,000 a year. Specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount

11、. Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the United States. Most would-be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly $20,000 a year at one of th

12、e best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $10,000 a year. By the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of residency (住院医生实习期 ) in a hos

13、pital, the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low. Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. Th

14、ese physicians also take care of each others patients in emergencies. Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which ca

15、n mean the difference between life and death. 16 Many physicians in the US are self-employed private physicians. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 No salaried physicians teach in medical schools in the US. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Of all employed physicians, those hired

16、by corporations are best paid. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Becoming a physician in the US costs considerable time and money. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Physicians in the US are poorly rewarded for their work. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Anyone with a

17、medical degree can set up a medical practice in the US. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 There are more men physicians than women physicians in the US. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2

18、)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Optimists Really Do Live Longer, Say Scientists 1. For the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer optimism was fundamentally wrong banal and corrupting, while the father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud simply declared it to be neurotic. 2. Experience shows that lookin

19、g on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mindset(思想倾 向 ) as being beneficial to health. In other words optimists live longer. 3. That was the conclusion reached by experts at the Mayo Clinic in the US State of Minnesota who evaluated ans

20、wers given by people to a set of questions in the 1960s. Of the 729 candidates, 200 had died and according to scientists, there were a disproportionate number of pessimists among them. 4. The points more on the pessimism scale-that was the difference between “slightly pessimistic“ and “averagely pes

21、simistic“-were enough to boost a persons chances of dying by 19 percent, according to the study by prominent psychologist Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania. 5. The study does not say why pessimists die but an older survey taken among children in San Francisco and Los Angeles makes it

22、 clear that personal attitude towards the world is a key factor in the longevity equation. 6. The latest evidence to support the theory that optimists tend to cope better with illness of all kinds has been provided by professor Ralf Schwarzer of Berlins Free University who questioned 600 heart and l

23、ung patients. His conclusion: optimists recover more swiftly from operations than their pessimistic counterparts, tend to be happier after treatment and return to work more swiftly. 7. There have been suggestions that optimists do not stay healthier but rather turn into optimists later because they

24、enjoy good health. Numerous surveys have taken into account a persons state of health at the outset (最初 ) and the effect remains the same. 8. Studies have shown that optimists do not blind themselves to reality either. They thus interpret it in a positive way. “Sublimating (vi.升华 ) and denying thing

25、s tend to alter reality but illusions are a way of seeing reality in the best light,“ said California. 9. German science journal Bild der Wissenschaft, which carries a major article on the topic in its current March issue, commented on “the right attitude“ to having a tumor. 10. It seems psychothera

26、py can go some way towards extending the life span and life quality of a sick person although a complete recovery using psychological technique alone is unlikely. 11. Doctors like, however, to point to the example of US cycling professional Lance Armstrong, who was seriously ill with cancer, but who

27、se unshakeable optimism helped him to take the top trophy twice at cyclings premiers Tour de France. 12. The magazine also quoted a study by Sheldon Cohens of the Caregie Mellon University in Pittsburgh: 420 volunteers were deliberately infected with strains of various common cold viruses. A day lat

28、er checks were carried out to see who had caught a cold. 13. The results showed that in the case of people who had satisfactory, long-term relations with friends, neighbors or colleagues, the virus was less likely to trigger a cold. Of people with three of fewer firm relationships 62 percent became

29、ill compared with only 35 percent of those who had six or more close human links. 23 A. Quicker recovery from illness B. A longer life for optimists C. Relationship between good health and optimism D. A positive way of understanding reality E. Optimism and pessimismF. Optimists with illusions 23 Par

30、agraph 2_. 24 Paragraph 6_. 25 Paragraph 7_. 26 Paragraph 8_. 27 A. to avoid unpleasant things in life B. in looking on the bright side of life C. less likely to catch cold D. how one looks on life E. to be unhappy all the timeF. more likely to get cancer 27 Some scholars did not believe_. 28 How lo

31、ng one can live partly depends on_. 29 An optimist doesnt necessarily try_. 30 An experiment showed that optimists were_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Diseases of Agricultural Plants Plants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds. It has been

32、 estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack our economic plants; forty are known to attack com, and about as many attack wheat. The results of unchecked plant diseases are ail too obvious in countries that have marginal food supplies. The problem will soon be more widespread as the populat

33、ion of the world increases at its frightening rate. Even in countries that are now amply fed by thek agricultural products there could soon be food shortages. It is easy to imagine the consequences of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of peop

34、le, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political upheavals disastrous to the order of the world. Some plants have relative immunity to great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them. The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change.

35、A blight may be but a local infection easily controlled; on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation. An example is the blight that killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century. As a result

36、 of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related ailments. Plant pathologists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens of the various diseases. Bacteria may include invade a plant through an infestation of insect parasites carrying the pathogen. A pl

37、ant can also be inoculated by man. Other diseases might be caused by fungus which attacks the plant in the form of a mold or smut or rust. Frequently such a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from its lack of tolerance. The symptoms shown may cause an er

38、ror in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by primary virus infection. 31 How many diseases are known to attack wheat? （ A） Around 30,000. （ B） Around 140. （ C） Around 29,960. （ D） Around 40. 32 According to this passage,

39、which of the following would a plant disease result in if left unchecked? （ A） A world war. （ B） Border conflicts. （ C） Relations of grain and meat. （ D） Social upheavals. 33 What is the main idea of the second paragraph? （ A） Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others

40、 have a susceptibility to them. （ B） The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change. （ C） A blight killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. （ D） A blight may be a national infection. 34 According to the passage, some plant diseases can be prevented by_. （

41、A） killing parasites （ B） inoculation （ C） killing insects （ D） improving growing conditions 35 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Some plant diseases may be caused by bacteria. （ B） Some plant diseases may be caused by pathogens. （ C） Some plant diseases may be caused by fungus. （

42、D） Symptoms are always helpful in identifying diseases. 36 Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently Male pilots flying general aviation (private) aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision-making, while female pilots are more likely to cras

43、h from mishandling the aircraft. These are the results of a study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. The study identifies the differences between male and female pilots in terms of circumstances of the crash and the type of pilots error involved. “Crash

44、es of general aviation aircraft account for 85 percent of all aviation deaths in the United States. The crash rate for male pilots as for motor vehicle drivers, exceeds that of crashes of female pilots,“ explains Susan P. Baker, MPH, professor of health policy and management at the Bloomberg School

45、of Public Health. “Because pilot youth and inexperience are established contributors to aviation crashes, we focused on only mature pilots, to determine the gender differences in the masons for the crash.“ The researchers extracted data for this study from a large research project on pilot aging and

46、 flight safety. The data were gathered from general aviation crashes of airplanes and helicopters between 1983 and 1997, involving 144 female pilots and 267 male pilots aged 40-63. Female pilots were matched with male pilots in a 1:2 ratio, by age, classes of medical and pilot certificates, state or

47、 area of crash, and year of crash. Then the circumstances of the crashes and the pilot error involved were categorized and coded without knowledge of pilot gender. The researchers found that loss of control on landing or takeoff was the most common circumstance for both sexes, leading to 59 percent

48、of female pilots crashes and 36 percent of males. Experiencing mechanical failure, running out of fuel, and landing the plane with the landing gear up were among the factors more likely with males, while stalling was more likely with females. The majority of the crashes-95 percent for females and 88

49、 percent for males-involved at least one type of pilot error. Mishandling aircraft kinetics was the most common error for both sexes, but was more common among females(accounting for 81 percent of the crashes) than males (accounting for 48 percent). Males, however, appeared more likely to be guilty of poor decision-making, risk-taking, and inattentiveness, examples of which include misjudging weather and Visibility or flying an aircraft with a known defect. Females, th