[外语类试卷]职称英语理工类A级（概括大意与完成句子）模拟试卷1及答案与解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A级（概括大意与完成句子）模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 0 Electromagnetic Energy White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limi

2、ted to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy. The sun is 93 million mil

3、es from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space. Many Other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared(红外

4、线的 )radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays(紫外线 )and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiatio

5、n is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used

6、 to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water fal

7、ls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the

8、 sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed(利用 )by man. Chemical energy comes fro

9、m electron(电子 )rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the suns energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed i

10、nto helium(氦 ). Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy. A. Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting So

11、urce of the Suns Energy B. The Most Important Source of Energy C. Types of Electromagnetic Energy D. The Machines Used for Energy Generation E. Seeking New Sources of Energy F. The Use of Ultraviolet Radiation in Medicine 1 Paragraph 3_. 2 Paragraph 4_. 3 Paragraph 5_. 4 Paragraph 6_. 4 A. when it i

12、s absorbed by matter B. when it is cloudy C. because they can pass through solid objects D. when the sunrays are fierce E. when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place F. when electron rearrangement takes place 5 One can get a sunburn even_. 6 Infrared radiation can produce heat_. 7 X-rays an

13、d gamma rays can be used to detect and treat cancer_. 8 Chemical energy is generated_. 8 Cloning(克隆 ): Future Perfect? A clone is all exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997, research in

14、to cloning has grown rapidly. In May 1998, scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊 )using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully. But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement,

15、 “We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years,“ he told the world. Seeds announcement provoked a lot of media attention, most of it negative. In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced, “We will b

16、e introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year. “ Many researchers are not so negative about cloning. They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research. In March, The New England Journal

17、 of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken. Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it, human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science. Is there reason to fear that cloning will lea

18、d to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded(轰炸 )with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons. Such information is often misleading, and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next. Within the next five to ten years scientists will probabl

19、y have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like. But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds, the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners(赞成克隆的人 ). A. Strong reactions B. Anxiety about th

20、e future of cloning C. The right to choose D. What is cloning? E. Arguments in favor of cloning F. A common sight 9 Paragraph 1_. 10 Paragraph 2_. 11 Paragraph 3_. 12 Paragraph 4_. 12 A. the nucleus of a cell B. cloned human beings C. a human being in two years D. a law to ban human cloning E. a rep

21、ort on human cloning F. heavy media coverage 13 Richard Seed claimed to be able to clone_. 14 Richard Seeds announcement received_. 15 The United States will introduce_. 16 Within ten years scientists will probably have_. 16 Eco-fashion What is eco-fashion? Eco-fashion is a complex phenomenon and th

22、e common use of the term covers two aspects of fashion “ecological“ and “ethical“. Ecological(生态的 )fashion usually refers to textile(织物 )and clothing production processes and the environmental issues surrounding them; ethical(伦理的 )fashion generally relates to the working conditions involved in the p

23、roducing processes. What are the problems with fashion? Firstly, the production of textiles pollutes the environment heavily. Cotton-planting uses pesticides; sheep-farming and wool-cleaning contribute to global warming; synthetics-making(人造纤维生产 )brings about harmful waste. Secondly, every stage of

24、clothing production has a significant effect on the environment. They all use a great deal of energy, and some also involve harmful chemicals. In addition to this, there is a lot of waste produced in the process, especially in the form of polluted water. Thirdly, growing consumption levels and our s

25、hopping habits further worsen the bad effects. We are now buying clothes in increasing quantities without realizing the scale on which it affects natural environment, and we are also quick to throw away clothes that have been worn only a couple of times. Then, how to solve the problems? To a large d

26、egree, it is the fashion producers that really have the power and the responsibility to shape our future. There are numerous ways in which these producers can reduce their ecological footprint, from switching to green energy and reducing energy use, through selecting sustainable(可持续使用的 )materials an

27、d choosing local suppliers, to recycle and minimize waste. On the other hand, as consumers we can all make contributions by selecting environmentally friendly clothing and reducing clothing consumption. Now many people are beginning to shop for organic food products because the benefits of eating fo

28、od free of chemicals are straightforward and immediate. They relate directly to our personal health. In fact, choosing eco-fashion can also contribute to our personal health, though it is mostly done by way of keeping the health of the planet. A. Sustainable resources B. The definition of eco-fashio

29、n C. Responsibilities of fashion producers and consumers D. Clothes pollution E. Current problems with the fashion F. The way eco-fashion contribute to the human health 17 Paragraph 1 _. 18 Paragraph 2_. 19 Paragraph 3_. 20 Paragraph 4_. 20 A. they are directly related to our health B. using sustain

30、able materials C. the environmental protection D. the working conditions and producing processes E. they are more delicious than traditional food F. consuming energy and producing harmful chemicals 21 Ethical fashion is concerned with_. 22 Clothing production influences the environment by_. 23 Fashi

31、on producers can contribute to the environment protection by_. 24 Many people buy organic food products because_. 职称英语理工类 A级（概括大意与完成句子）模拟试卷 1答案与解析 一、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 1 【正

32、确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第三段主题句即为第一句 Many Other kinds of energy are also types ofelectromagnetic energy，电磁能还包括许多其他类型的能量。在该段中，作者继续介绍了像红外线、紫外线、 X射线等类型的电磁能。 C选项 Types of Electromagnetic Energy(电磁能的不同类型 )与其意思一致，故 C为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第四段主题句为第二句 The source of most of our energy is the sun，我们使用

33、的大部分能量都来自太阳。由此可推知，来自太阳的能量 (即 电磁能 )对人类来说是非常重要的。 B选项 The Most Important Source of Energy与其意思一致。故 B为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第五段主题句为该段最后一句 We now believe that the suns energycomes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium，大家现在普遍认为太阳的能量来源于其自身的核反应，在核反应中，氢气转化为氦气。

34、A选项 NuclearReactions as the Lasting Source of the Suns Energy(核反应是太阳能量的持久来源 )与其意思一致，故 A为 正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 4 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 第六段主题句为最后一句 Scientists continue to seek new and bettermethods of obtaining and using energy，科学家仍在不断地寻找更好、更有效的办法来获取和使用电磁能。该句中的 energy仍是指 the electromagnetic energy。 E选项 Se

35、ekingNew Sources of Energy(寻找新的能量来源 )与其意思一致 。故 E为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据题干线索词 sunburn可将原文定位至第一段第四句 On a cloudyday it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool，根据题干推断需要添加的可以是 on a cloudy day或是 though you feel cool，当与选项进行比对时， B选项 when it is cloudy显 然是对

36、原句的同义改写，故 B为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 根据题干线索词 infrared radiations可将原文定位至第三段第三、四句 Infrared(红外线的 )radiation is an electromagnetic wave When it is absorbed by matter， heat is produced其中后一句中的 it即指 infrared radiations。 A选项是对原句的同义改写，故 A为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 7 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据题干线索词 X-ray

37、s and gamma rays可将原文定位至第三段倒数二、三句 Xrays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right through solidobjects They can be used to detect and treat cancer X射线和伽马射线之所以能够用于检测和治疗癌症，是因为它们能够直接贯穿实体物。显然 ， C为原文复现，故 C为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 8 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 根据题干线索词 chemical energy将原文定位至第五段第五句Chemical

38、energy comes from electron(电子 )rearrangement这里 come from与 be generated意思相符，均表示 “产生于，来源于 ”。 F选项显然是对原文的同义改写，故 F为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 9 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第一段主题句为第一句 A clone is all exact copy of a plant or animalproduced from any one cell，克隆是对任意植物或动物细胞的完全复制。段中对克隆进行了简单的介绍， D选项 What is cl

39、oning?(什么是克隆 )与其意思一致，故 D为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第二段主题句为第一句 Seeds announcement provoked a lot of mediaattention， most of it negative Seed的言论引起了大批媒体的注意，但大多数对克隆人类都持否定意见。 A选项 Strong reactions(强烈的反对 )与其意思一致，故 A为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 11 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 第三段主题句为第一句 Many researchers are n

40、ot so negative about cloning大多数研究人员对克隆并不持反对态度。由此推知，他们对 克隆是表示支持的。 E选项 Arguments in favor of cloning(支持克隆的言论 )与其表达的意思一致，故 E为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 12 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第四段没有主题句。该段共三句话，主要讲述了大众对克隆的未来前景的担忧甚至恐惧，这主要体现在很多的报纸文章、电视节目、电影以及卡通动漫中，这些媒体有时会误导人们对克隆的理解，使人们对科学家的克隆研究充满疑惑。 B选项 Anxiety about the future of

41、cloning(对 克隆的未来的担忧 )与其意思一致，故 B为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 文中有两个地方提到 Richard Seed，分别是在第一段和第二段，该题题干大意为： Richard Seed宣称他能克隆 。据此可将原文定位至第一段最后一句 when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement 。“We will havemanaged to clone a human being within the next t

42、wo years， ”he told the world由此可推断，需要添加的部分即为旬中画线部分，显然 C为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 14 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 正如在上一题解析中所提到的，文中有两个地方提到 Richard Seed。分别是在第一段和第二段。其中第五小题涉及的是第一段，所以本题就可以定位至第二段中。该段第一句 Seeds announcement provoked a lot of media attention， most of it negative， Seed的言论引起了大批媒体的注意，但大多数对克隆人类都持否定意见。 F选项 heavy

43、 media coverage(大篇幅的媒体报道 )与其意思一致，故 F为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 15 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据题干线索词 the United States定位原文至第二段最后一句 in theUS the President announced “We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning andmany states in the US will have passed anticloning laws by the end of the year ”由此可推知，美国将颁布法

44、律禁止克隆人类。 D选项属于同义改写，与其意思一致，故 D为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 16 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据题干线索词 within ten years定位原文至第五段第一句 Within thenext five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans，未来五至十年内，科学家将很可能找到克隆人类的办法。 B选项属于同义改写，故 B为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 17 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】

45、第一段主题句为第一句，其意思是：环保时尚是一种复杂的现象，它涵盖了生态时尚和伦理时尚两个方面。 B选项与其意思一致，故 B为正 确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 18 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 第二段没有主题句。该段第一句是一个疑问句，提出当今时尚存在什么问题 ?而迅速浏览该段会发现其中的衔接词 firstly、 secondly和 thirdly，段中通过这三方面做出了回答。 E选项可以概括本段大意，故 E为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 19 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第三段没有主题句，其第一句是一个疑问句，即如何解决第二段中提出的问题。迅速浏览该段会发

46、现其中的衔接词组 on the other hand，由此可推知该段从两方面提出了解决办法，即分别从生产商和消费者的角度出发来解决问题。 C选项与其表达一致。故 C为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 20 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 第四段主题句为最后一句，其意思是：实际上，环保时尚也有利于我们的身体健康，尽管大多数情况下是通过保护地球来间接保护人类自己。 F选项与其意思一致，故 F为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 21 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据题干线索词 ethical fashion定位原文至第一段最后一句ethi

47、cal(伦理的 )fashion generally relates to the working conditions involved in the producing proces-ses，这里 relate to与题干中的 be concerned with意思相符，显然这里需要添加的为句中的画线部分， D选项属于原文复现，故 D为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 22 【正确答案 】 F 【试题解析】 根据题干线索词 clothing production定位原文至第二段第四、五句Secondly， every stage of clothing production h

48、as a significant effect on the environment They all use a great deal of energy， and some also involve harmful chemicals服装生产的每个阶段都对环境有很大的影响，它们消耗大量的能量并且产生有害化学物质 。这里 hasa significant effect与题干中的 influence意思一致。显然 F选项属于对原文的同义改写，故 F为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 23 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据题干线索词 fashion producers定位原文至第

49、三段第二、三句To alarge degree， it is the fashion producers that really have the power and the responsibility toshape our future There are numerous ways in which these producers can reduce their ecologicaI footprintthrough selecting sustainable materials 显然， B选项是对原文的原意改写，故 B为正确答案。 【知识模块】 概括大意与完成句子 24 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 首先根据语法常识 because后面加一个句子可确定可能正确的答案是 A和 E。然后，根据题干线索词 organic food products定位原文至最后一段第一、二句 Now