[外语类试卷]考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷16及答案与解析.doc

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1、考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 16及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 A fledgling firm. EcoLean, in Sweden, has developed a new packaging material. Unlike conventional substance, it takes very little energy to produce, is made up mostly of a natural material in abundant supply and, when exposed to sunlight, disappears

2、 in a matter of hours. It could go a long way toward easing the problems of a litter-strewn world. The brain behind EcoLean is chemist Ake Rosen. A monument to Rosens inspiration can be found in the forecourt of EcoLean s main plant in Helsingborg in southern Sweden. It is a giant egg. Eggshells, it

3、 happens, are 95 percent calcium carbonate. And when it comes to eggs, they are a perfect packaging material- though a little too brittle. Rosen, however, found a way to improve on natures formula. The other 5 percent of eggshells consists of a crucial “binding agent“ that keeps the chalk from turni

4、ng into dust and toughens the shells. Instead of using the natural protein as a binding agent, Rosen used polylefins(聚烯烃 ), a type of plastic derived from natural gas. After experimenting with the proportions, Rosen hit upon a Lean Material that consists of up to seventy percent chalk and thirty per

5、cent polylefins. Lean Material looks and feels like conventional plastic, but it isnt. According to Rosens tests, EcoLean asserts that it can be as strong as glass or as pliable as rubber, and it could be a viable, and cheaper, substitute for plastic, cardboard or aluminum packaging. For conservatio

6、nists, the material has numerous benefits. Even though it consists in part of plastic, which costs energy to produce, polyolefins are pretty low on the eco-hate list. They degrade into carbon and oxygen. Besides, less plastic means using less oil, the essential component in plastic and a nonrenewabl

7、e resource. Chalk, the main ingredient, is abundant (and cheap) on every continent in the world. But Lean Materials most remarkable charm is apparent only when it is ready for the garbage. Bottles, yogurt tubs or candy wrappers made of Lean Material would all he degradable. Leave them sitting on the

8、 picnic table and in a month or two sunlight will have reduced them to sand. Or, once in the incinerator the resulting ash will be rich in carbonates, good for making the soil less acidic. As a bonus, the material also has no “memory. “ Stamp on a Lean Material bottle and it stays crushed, taking up

9、 less space in landfill. (399 words) 1 What is the main idea of the passage? （ A） The inventor of Lean Material. （ B） A new packaging material Lean Material. （ C） A substitute for plastic. （ D） EcoLean is the leader in environment protection. 2 What is NOT true of Lean Material? （ A） It contains a m

10、aterial that is sufficient in supply. （ B） It is pliable as rubber, so it can be used as a rubber substitute. （ C） It can dissovle into sand after months sunlight. （ D） It costs little energy to produce. 3 Why does the author mention the egg? （ A） Because it is also a kind of packaging material. （ B

11、） Because it contains similar proportions with Lean Material. （ C） Because it serves as a sign for this fledgling firm. （ D） Because it is an enlightenment of Rosens invention. 4 The function of polylefins is_. （ A） binding （ B） toughening （ C） softening （ D） smoothening 5 “Stamp“ in the last paragr

12、aph may probably means_. （ A） an indication of postage （ B） the act of bringing the foot down onto something forcibly （ C） a mark like a seal （ D） a label 5 It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and a final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates. Aust

13、ralias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure was passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up. half a world away, by Jo

14、hn Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the groups on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isnt just something that happened in Australia. Its world history. “ The full import may take a while

15、to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally 111 law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief: others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill

16、 and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In The NT Rights of the

17、Terminally 111 law, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling“. Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death probably by a deadly injection or pill to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnos

18、ed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off“ period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally 111 law means he can

19、get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. Im not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how Id go, because Ive watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks

20、,“ he says. (399 words) 6 The NT Rights of the Terminally 111 law was passed by_. （ A） 3 to 2 （ B） 2 to 3 （ C） 5 to 4 （ D） 4 to 3 7 What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? （ A） The law will take a while to be imported completely. （ B） The law will be introduced to other countries befo

21、re long. （ C） It will be some time before people can apprehend its significance to the full. （ D） It must be a long time for the law to be settled. 8 What can NOT be inferred from the passage? （ A） The NT Rights of the Terminally 111 law aroused a great sensation all over the world. （ B） Some people

22、 condemned that this law had been passed too quickly. （ C） The United States and Canada are very likely to follow up. （ D） Euthanasia has something to do with morals. 9 Why did Lloyd Nickson prefer euthanasia? （ A） He was afraid of death. （ B） He couldnt bear his pains. （ C） He couldnt tolerate the

23、way he would be dying. （ D） He was frightened at the sight of other patients death. 10 The implementation of euthanasia should meet the following requirements EXCEPT_. （ A） being confirmed by two doctors （ B） patient suffering fatal illness （ C） any patient, including a child, can request euthanasia

24、 （ D） undergoing seven days cooling off 10 Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term

25、 memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory. There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes fr

26、om George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capac

27、ity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage. When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam,

28、 many people engage in “rote rehearsal.“ By repeating something over and over again, we are able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear.

29、 When a pen and paper are not handy, you might attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings come in before you get the opportunity to make your phone call, you will forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information f

30、rom the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice “elaborate rehearsal. “ This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories. Encoding information sernantically also makes it more retrievable.

31、Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often. However, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given, the more likely a memory can be re

32、trieved. (401 words) 11 According to the passage, how do memories get transferred to the STM? （ A） They revert from the long term memory. （ B） They are filtered from the sensory storage area. （ C） They get chunked when they enter the brain. （ D） They enter via the nervous system. 12 How do theorists

33、 believe a person can remember more information in a short time? （ A） By organizing it. （ B） By repeating it. （ C） By giving it a name. （ D） By drawing it. 13 The author believes that rote rehearsal is （ A） the best way to remember something （ B） more efficient than chunking （ C） ineffective in the

34、long run （ D） an unnecessary and useless method 14 Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage? （ A） The working memory is the same as the short term memory. （ B） The best way for a memory to be kept alive is through constant repetition. （ C） If you want to remember something temporarily

35、you can use “ rote-rehearsal. （ D） Encoding information semantically can help you recall something later on. 15 The meaning of “retrievable“ (Line 1, Para. 4) is （ A） difficult to find （ B） remain there forever （ C） easy to remember （ D） capable of being regained 考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 16答案与解析 一、 Reading Co

36、mprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 该文讲述的是瑞典 EcoLean公司研制出的一种环保型的包装材料Lean Material，并介绍它的特色。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第一段第二句说，该材料在太阳底下几个小时就溶化了，所以不是几个月，故选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 在 EcoLean公司主场区前院里耸立着一个巨大的鸡蛋，这是为了纪念该材料的发明者、化学家 Ake Rosen，是他发明了这个环保型的包装材料。Ake Rosen发明这个材料启迪于鸡蛋。 【知识模块】 阅读理

37、解 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 聚烯烃是起粘连作用的，故选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 这里的 stamp是 “踩 ”之意。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【 知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 参考第一段第三句， 15比 10等于 3比 2。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 句子中的 import是 importance， significance之意， sink in是understand， apprehend之意。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 A的内容可以通过远在加拿

38、大的死亡权利协会执行主任 John Hofsess的强烈反应和话语来证实，这项议案已引起了 全世界的强烈反应。 B项内容在第二段第三句， C项内容文章中没有提到， D项内容在第二段第二句。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 参考最后一句 “我害怕的是我怎么死去，因为我在医院里看到有的病人拼死地要氧气，抓面罩 ”。这说明他不愿意在将死的时候和别人一样惨不忍睹。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据最后一段第一句中的 an adult patient，我们说儿童是不可以申请安乐死的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识 模块】 阅读理解 11 【

39、正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 参考第一段第四句。 via是 through， by means of“通过 ”之意。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文章第二段最后一句说，通过组织信息，可以优化短期记忆。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 Rote rehearsal意思为 “死记硬背 ”，从第三段倒数第三句可以看出，作者对 “死记硬背 ”的方法持否定态度。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 14 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 由第三段倒数第二句和第三句可知，最好的记忆法是 elaborate rehearsal。它有两层意义：一是基于以前已经记得的知识进行理解，二是给信息进行语义编码。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 15 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 retrievable是 “能够搜索到的 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解