[外语类试卷]考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷10及答案与解析.doc

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1、考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 10及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 The discovery of the obesity gene in humans half a decade ago offered evidence that chronic weight gain is the consequence of a mismatch between nature and nurture. Simplistic explanations, such as blaming obesity on a drop in fat consumption, ignor

2、e scientific reality. One well-known reason for this is that dietary fat converts to body fat more efficiently than does protein or carbohydrate, but recently scientists have uncovered what appears to be an equally important factor. Some researchers in universities are investigating the possibility

3、that high levels of fat and fructose(果糖 )are mucking up our brain chemistry, and thereby muting the signals that would normally tell us to put down the fork. These signals are produced by peptides(缩氨酸 ),which are regulated by a number of hormones. Under normal conditions these hormones help maintain

4、 a stable body weight by adjusting levels of the peptides that control eating. But a diet loaded with fat and fructose hampers the regulation of these hormones. Complicating matters still further is that the brain loses its ability to respond to these hormones as body fat increases so the obese are

5、doubly penalized. Other researchers are finding evidence that constant exposure to fat and sugar can cause some humans to crave them as they do an addictive drug. A Princeton University psychologist recently showed that rats fed a high sugar diet were, when the sugar was removed, thrown into a state

6、 of anxiety similar to that seen in withdrawal from morphine or nicotine. Sarah Leibowitz, a neurobiologist, believes that frequent exposure to fatty foods may configure the brain to crave still more fat. She has shown in animal studies that galanin, a brain peptide that simulates eating behavior an

7、d decreases energy expenditure, increases when the animal eats a high-fat diet. There are many factors contributing to the explosion of obesity in the United States, and the world, but the radical changes in the composition of our diet are first among them. While scientific work in this arena is in

8、its infancy, its already clear that varying the amount of fat and other nutrients in the diet affects brain chemistry by activating certain genes, and this in turn directs our dietary preferences. (365 words) 1 What is the main idea of this passage? （ A） Dropping in fat consumption attributes to obe

9、sity. （ B） A new theory of obesity a diet affecting brain chemistry. （ C） The obesity gene in humans was found half a decade ago. （ D） Explosion of obesity can be controlled. 2 Which is NOT the newest discovery? （ A） Dietary fat turns to body fat more efficiently than does protein or carbohydrate. （

10、 B） Disordered brain chemistry due to high levels of fat can not prevent us from eating. （ C） Diet rich in fat and fructose hampers the regulation of the hormones concerned. （ D） Fat and sugar are addictive like drugs. 3 Which is the main cause of obesity according to the passage? （ A） Less physical

11、 exercises. （ B） Oversleeping. （ C） Irrational composition of our diet. （ D） Ageing. 4 “In its infancy“ (Line 3, Para. 4) means_. （ A） in the prime of life （ B） at its best （ C） in poverty （ D） at its primitive stage 5 What can NOT be inferred from the whole passage? （ A） The obesity gene in humans

12、was discovered five years ago. （ B） Unbalance between nature and nurture is one of the causes of obesity. （ C） Fat can directs our dietary preferences. （ D） We shouldnt eat any sugar and fat any more in the future. 5 Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats there

13、has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity from the number of species in a particular ecosystem to the health of the Earth and human being. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with trop

14、ical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms of richness of life. An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planets dominant, most distinctive feature

15、the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize that landmasses occupy one-third of the Earths surface. Given that two-thirds of the Earths surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels o

16、f the ocean, the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species. The fact that hall of the known species are thought to inhabit the worlds rain fo

17、rests does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be

18、 insects and to share similar characteristics with 750 000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity of life is unquestionably the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal

19、 has some representation there. To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life on the order of 100 to 100 000 bacterial cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larvas of organisms ranging

20、from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more. (366 words) 6 What is the main point of the passage? （ A） Humans are destroying thousands of species. （ B） There are thousands of insect species. （ C） The sea is even richer in life than the rain forests. （ D） Coral reefs are similar to ra

21、in forests. 7 Why does the author compare rain forests with coral reefs? （ A） Because they are approximately the same size. （ B） Because they share many similar species. （ C） Because most of their inhabitants require water. （ D） Because both have many different forms of life. 8 The passage suggests

22、that most rain forest species are_. （ A） insects （ B） bacteria （ C） mammals （ D） birds 9 The author argues that there is more diversity of life in the sea than in the rain forests because_. （ A） more phyla and classes of life are represented in the sea （ B） there are too many insects to make meaning

23、ful distinctions （ C） many insect species are too small to divide into categories （ D） marine life-forms reproduce at a faster rate 10 Which of the following conclusions is supported by the passage? （ A） Ocean life is highly adaptive. （ B） More attention needs to be paid to preserving ocean species

24、and habitats. （ C） Ocean life is primarily composed of plants. （ D） The sea is highly resistant to the damage done by pollutants. 10 There have been three periods in the history of post-war broadcast interviewing. The first, the age of deference, when it was an honor to have you, the interviewee, on

25、 the program, lasted until the middle 50s. The second, “the age of ascendancy,“ when politicians in particular looked upon the interviewers as agenda-setting rivals who made them feel uncomfortable by their knowledge and rigor of questioning, came to an end at the beginning of this decade. Now we ar

26、e in the age of evasion,“ when most prominent interviewees have acquired the art of seeming to answer a question whilst bypassing its essential thrust. Why should this be? From the complexity of causes responsible for the present mediocrity of the interview form, a few are worth singling out, such a

27、s the revolt against rationality and the enthronement of feeling in its place. To the young of the 60s, the painstaking search for understanding of a given political problem may have appeared less fruitful and satisfying than the unfettered ventilation of emotion which the same problem generated. So

28、oner or later, broadcasting was bound to reflect this. This bias against understanding has continued. To this we must add the professional causes that have played their part. The convention of the broadcast interview has undergone little change or radical development since its rise in the 50s. When

29、a broadcasting form ceases to develop, its practitioners tend to take it for granted and are likely to say “how“ rather than ask “why. “ Furthermore, these partly psychological, partly professional tendencies were greatly accelerated by the huge expansion of news and current affairs output over the

30、last 15 years. When you had many additional hours of current affairs broadcasting, interviewing turned out to be a far cheaper convention than straight reporting, which is costly in terms of permanent reporters and time preparation. The temptation to combine an expanded news and current affairs serv

31、ice with a relatively small additional financial outlay by making the interview ubiquitous proved overwhelming. To be fair, there are compensating virtues in interviewing, such as immediacy and authority, yet in all honesty 1 must say that the spread of the interviewing format has led to a correspon

32、ding diminution of quality broadcasting. (368 words) 11 According to the author, politicians in “the age of ascendancy“ thought that television interviewers_. （ A） were their rivals in politics （ B） should be honored to meet them （ C） really aspired to be politicians too （ D） gave them difficult tim

33、e in interviews 12 The word “ventilation“ (Line 5, Para. 2) means_. （ A） pouring out （ B） stimulation （ C） formation （ D） covering up 13 From a professional standpoint, one reason for the decline in the quality of an interview is that_. （ A） people are not so interested in politics （ B） interviewing

34、 techniques have remained much the same （ C） people are not so radical as in the 60s （ D） broadcasters consider the interview format outmoded 14 Compared with other forms of current affairs programs, which is NOT the advantage of interviews? （ A） Direct. （ B） Well-prepared. （ C） Moderate in the expe

35、nse. （ D） Authentic. 15 The writer believes that because of the increasing use of interviews （ A） there are too many current affairs programs （ B） standards in broadcasting have declined （ C） the cost of broadcasting has increased （ D） Roadcasters have become less popular 考博英语（阅读理解） 练习试卷 10答案与解析 一、

36、Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从第二段第二句开始介绍导致肥胖原因的新发现，所以我们认为 B合适。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 参考第二段第一句：含脂肪的食物比蛋白质和碳水化合物更容易转化成为身体的脂肪，这是人们早已知晓的道理，故选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 由于 A、 B和 D文章中没有提到，所以 C对。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 in its infancy是 “处于初级阶段 ”之意。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5

37、【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从文章最后一段第一句可以看出，该文讲述的是导致肥胖的原因很多，例如吃肥肉和糖，但作者没有建议永远不沾肥肉和糖。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 中心思想句在第一段最后一句转 折句 however后面。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 因为热带雨林中的生物是丰富的，所以作者把海洋里的生物与热带雨林中的生物进行了对比。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第三段第一句后半部分提到 the huge numbers of insects that comprise

38、the bulk of the species和第三句后半部分 750 000 species of insects，由此可以判断，热带雨林是以 昆虫为主，故选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 参考第三段倒数第二句：如果论及基础的纲与类这样的大的分类，而不是用种类来分类，海洋中的生物无疑是最丰富的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 A、 C和 D在文章中没有提到，而 B“人们要更加注意保护海洋里的生物和栖息地 ”较为符合文章想要表达的内容。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 11 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 在第

39、一段里，作者提 到主持人常使被访问者不自在， D的内容与之接近。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 ventilation源自法语，表示 “通风 ”，根据搭配，翻译成 “情感发泄 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 13 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从第三段第三句 “广播采访惯例从 50年代兴起以来没有什么变化，或者可以说没有什么实质性的进展 ”，可以判断出答案是 B。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 14 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据倒数第二段第一句后半部分，我们可 以看出，专业记者的报道和认真准备是费钱的，故选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 15 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 参考文章最后一句：采访形式的普及导致了广播质量的相应下降。 【知识模块】 阅读理解