[外语类试卷]考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷78及答案与解析.doc

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1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 78及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence. Without the vast advances made by chemists, physicists, biologists, geologists and other diligent scientists, our

2、 standards of living would decline, our flourishing wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer from diseases that could not be cured. As a society we ignorantly take advantage of the amenities provided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminably with

3、out them. Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances. Without the vaccines created by doctors, diseases such as polio, measles, hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to our citizens,

4、for although some of these diseases may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease. In addition, science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this mach

5、ine our world could exist, but the conveniences brought into life by the computer are unparalleled. Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations, it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards. For instance, the li

6、ght bulb, electricity, the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of our society, however, they were not present until scientists discovered them. Because of the contribution of scientists, our world is ever metamorphosing, and this metamorphosis economically and person

7、ally comprises our society, whether our society is cognizant of this or not. 1 In the first paragraph the author implies that we_. （ A） would not survive without science （ B） take the amenities of science for granted （ C） could have raised the standards of living with science （ D） would be free of d

8、isease because of scientific with advances 2 The author uses health care and vaccines to illustrate_. （ A） how science has been developed （ B） what science means to society （ C） what the nature of science is （ D） how disease affects society 3 Nothing, according to the author, can match the invention

9、 of the computer in terms of_. （ A） power （ B） novelty （ C） benefits （ D） complexity 4 The author seems to be unhappy about_. （ A） peoples ignorance of their culture （ B） peoples ignoring the amenities of science （ C） peoples making no contributions to society （ D） peoples misunderstanding of scient

10、ific advance 5 The authors tone in the passage is_. （ A） critical （ B） cognizant （ C） appreciative （ D） paradoxical 5 Drinking wastewater? The idea may sound distasteful, but new federally funded research says more Americans are doing so whether they know or not and this reuse will be increasingly n

11、ecessary as the U. S. population expands. Treated wastewater poses no greater health risks than existing water supplies and, in some cases, may be even safer to drink, according to a report released by the National Research Council, “ We believe water reuse is an option to deal with growing water sc

12、arcity, especially in coastal areas,“ says Jorg Drowes, an engineering professor at the Colorado School of Mines. “This can be done reliably without putting the public at risk,“ he says, citing technological advances. He says its a waste not to reuse the nations wastewater, because almost all of it

13、is treated before discharge. This water includes storm runoff(径流 )as well as used water from homes, businesses and factories. In many places, the report says, the public does not realize its drinking water that was treated after being discharged as wastewater somewhere upstream. For example, wastewa

14、ter discharged into the Trinity River from Dallas/Fort Worth flows south into Lake Livingston, the source for Houstons drinking water. Despite the growing importance of this reuse, the report says theres been no systemic analysis of its extent nationwide since a 1980 study by the U. S. Environmental

15、 Protection Agency(EPA). Alan Roberson of the American Water Works Association says wastewater reuse is common, so the councils report is important but not surprising. Roberson expects this recycling will continue to increase, especially for irrigation and industrial needs. He says it will take long

16、er to establish potable(适于饮用的 )uses because of public nervousness about drinking wastewater, however treated. “We have to do something to address water scarcity,“ says Olga Naidenko, a senior scientist at the non-profit Environmental Working Group. “ Less than 10% of potable water is used for drinki

17、ng, cooking, showering or dishwashing. We flush it down the toilet, literally. “ Technologies exist to safely treat the water, she says, although some are expensive. The report says water reuse projects tend to cost more than most water conservation options but less than seawater desalination(脱盐 )an

18、d other supply alternatives. It calls on the EPA to develop rules that set safe national standards. 6 Which of the following statements would Jorg Drewes agree to? （ A） Water reuse may eventually put the public at risk. （ B） Water reuse is preferable to wasting water. （ C） Water reuse is far from a

19、solution to water shortage. （ D） Water reuse is possible only after greater tech advances. 7 Lake Livingston is mentioned to show that the public_. （ A） Accepts the fact of drinking wastewater calmly （ B） Is concerned about the safety of the drinking water （ C） Does not believe that wastewater is sa

20、fe to drink （ D） Is not aware of the nature of their drinking water 8 According to Alan Roberson, _. （ A） It is not safe to drink wastewater （ B） The report has surprised the public （ C） the report helps build up public confidence （ D） The public has yet to accept drinking wastewater 9 Olga Naidenko

21、s remarks emphasize_. （ A） The recent progress （ B） The existing problems （ C） The new perspective （ D） The potential risks 10 What does the report suggest to the EPA? （ A） Weighing different water conservation options. （ B） Exploring new technologies to treat wastewater. （ C） Setting up national st

22、andards for water reuse. （ D） Monitoring water supplies at a national level. 10 Rain is not what it used to be. A new study reveals that much of the precipitation in Europe contains such high levels of dissolved pesticides that it could be illegal to supply it as drinking water. Studies in Switzerla

23、nd have found that rain is laced with toxic levels of atrazine, alachlor and other commonly used crop sprays. “Drinking water standards are regularly exceeded in rain,“ says Stephan Muller, a chemist at the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf. The chemicals

24、appear to have evaporated from fields and become part of the clouds. Both the European Union and Switzerland have set a limit of 100 nanograms for any particular pesticide in a liter of drinking water. But, especially in the first minutes of a heavy storm, rain can contain much more than that. In a

25、study to be published by Muller and his colleague Thomas Bucheli in Analytical Chemistry this summer, one sample of rainwater contained almost 4000 nanograms per liter of 2, 4-dinitrophenol, a widely used pesticide. Previously, the authors had shown that in rain samples taken from 41 storms, nine co

26、ntained more than 100 nanograms of atrazine per liter, one of them around 900 nanograms. In the latest study, the highest concentrations of pesticides turned up in the first rain after a long dry spell, particularly when local fields had recently been sprayed. Until now, scientists had assumed that

27、the pesticides only infiltrated groundwater directly from fields. Muller warns that the growing practice of using rainwater that falls onto roofs to recharge under ground water may be adding to the danger. This water often contains dissolved herbicides that had been added to roofing materials, such

28、as bitumen sheets, to prevent vegetation growing. He suggests that the first flush of rain should be diverted into sewers to minimize the pollution of drinking water, which is not usually treated to remove these herbicides and pesticides. 11 According to the Swedish scientists, the pesticides in rai

29、n_. （ A） exceed those in crop sprays （ B） can be traced back to crop sprays （ C） are not as toxic as they used to be （ D） are nothing but atrazine and alachlor 12 Muller and Bucheli found that 2, 4-dinitrophenol_. （ A） is widely used in agriculture （ B） exceeded atrazine in the rain samples （ C） can

30、 be measured in the units of nanograms （ D） was far in excess of limit in drinking water 13 Scientists used to hypothesize that_. （ A） groundwater was safe for drinking water （ B） herbicides and pesticides were harmless （ C） pesticides contaminated groundwater exclusively （ D） rain would minimize th

31、e pollution of drinking water 14 Muller warns us not _ . （ A） to tap groundwater for drinking water （ B） to use such roofing materials as bitumen sheets （ C） to let the first flush of rain recharge underground water （ D） to divert the first flush of rain into sewers without removing its herbicides a

32、nd pesticides 15 Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? （ A） Drinking Water （ B） Rainwater and Underground Water （ C） Agriculture and Pesticides （ D） Falling Pesticides 15 Although speech and writing are the special means of communicating of humans, the interchange also takes

33、place in many other ways. A person may relay his or her feelings, thoughts, and reactions through body positioning, body contact, body odors, eye contact, responsive actions, habits, attitudes, interests, state of health, dress and grooming, choice of life-style, and use of talents in fact, through

34、everything the individual says or does. In turn, every person is constantly receiving multitudes of external and internal messages through his or her five senses and personal biorhythm system. An individual screens, selects, regulates, and controls specific aspects of this information through a proc

35、ess of mental choices. Some of these choices are automatic; some are subconscious because of habit, block, or lack of development; and some are made by a conscious process. The degree to which a person is able to communicate depends upon the extent of his or her conscious awareness, priority of need

36、, and control of this process. The person with a behavior disorder is shut off from the communicative flow that normally exists among humans. His or her mind is confused, and he or she may feel unable to express personal thoughts, needs, and emotions, and unable to make himself or herself understood

37、. Sometimes the person may feel that he or she is communicating clearly but that others cannot or will not understand. Because the person is thus isolated in internal problems, he or she is interested only in these problems and cannot focus attention on the messages of others. The person often proje

38、cts fears and fantasies onto others, so that no matter what the real content is of the messages that others relay, the messages received are threatening ones. The causes of such communicative shutoffs are blocks in the neural pathways of the persons processing of information. Sometimes a block is ph

39、ysical, as in deafness, mental retardation, brain tumor, or hardening of the cerebral arteries. However, the most common causes of blocks are injuries to a persons emotional system. Emotional blocks occur to some degree in all human beings. They usually occur in childhood before good communicative s

40、kills are learned, and they are connected to individual symbolism. Unless such a block is removed shortly after happening, it can have profound and complicating effects that will distort emotional and mental growth and arrest the development potential of the individual. Even though a child with bloc

41、ks will appear to grow and to seem mature in some ways, he or she will show the evidence of emotional blocking in efforts to communicate. 16 The concluding phrase of the first paragraph implies that human communication_. （ A） is characterized by two features, form and meaning （ B） is mainly conducte

42、d through speech and writing （ C） is of two functions, stimulation and response （ D） takes two forms, verbal and nonverbal 17 In the second paragraph the author is mainly concerned with_. （ A） communicative ability （ B） external and internal messages （ C） information and mental processing （ D） consc

43、ious and subconscious awareness 18 Shut off from the communicative flow, the person with a behavior disorder_. （ A） is unable to focus attention on internal problems （ B） is isolated in internal problems （ C） relays threatening messages （ D） all of the above 19 Which of the following is universal ac

44、cording to the passage? （ A） Neural blocks. （ B） Physical blocks. （ C） Cerebral blocks. （ D） Emotional blocks. 20 The passage ends with_. （ A） the contributing factors to emotional and mental disorder （ B） the importance of acquiring good communicative skills （ C） the significance of eliminating ear

45、ly emotional blocks （ D） the warning of emotional blocks common in childhood 考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 78答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推理题。根据题干提示到第一段中寻找答案。第一段首句就讲到“我们的生活由科技进步所决定 ”，后面从各个方面来阐述有了科学进步，我们的生活质量会有所提高。因 此 C项 “科学进步可以提高生活质量 ”是正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。由 healt

46、h care和 vaccine回到第二段寻找答案，根据上下文可知，这里举出保健以及疫苗的例子主要是为了说明科学对社会的重要意义。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。根据题干中的 nothing can match the invention of computer可找到两个定位词，一个是 computer(第三段 )，还有一 个是特殊的最高级表达方式 (nothing canmatch)即 most aweinspiring vital，也可以定位到第三段。只有 benefits可以和上文的 conveniences表达相近的意思，即 “便利，利益 ”。 【知

47、识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。实则这是一个逆向态度题，即题干告知了态度，寻找这个态度对应的细节。第一段最后一句中的 ignorantly(愚昧的，无知的 )是个贬义词，由此可知作者对此很不满。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确 答案】 C 【试题解析】 态度题。通过对全文的理解和分析可知，作者通篇带有一种对科学的赞赏和感激之情。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。带着题干关键词 Jorg Drewes定位到第二段第一句话：We believe waterreuse is an option to de

48、al with growing water scarcity， especially in coastal areas，定位句中的 Jorg Drewes先生同意 water reuse(废水利用 )是 an option一种选择。与定位句匹配的选项是 B。答案是 B。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。带着题干关键词 Lake Livingston定位到第三段第一句话： the public doesnot realize its drinking water that was treated after being discharged as wastew

49、ater somewhereupstream，大意是：公众没有意识到他们喝的水是经过了 treated(处理 )。与定位句匹配的选项是 D。答案是 D。 is not aware of是定位句中 does not realize的同义转述。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 D 【试题 解析】 细节题。用题干关键词 Alan Roberson定位到第四段最后一句话：because of publicnervousness about drinking wastewater。定位句中的关键词nervousness，公众对 drinkingwastewater是紧张的，换句话说就是，公众仍然没有接受 drinking wastewater。与定位句匹配的选项是 D。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。用题干关键词 Olga Naidenkos定位到第五 段第一句： We have to dosomething to address water scarcity和 Less than 10 of potable water is