[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷293及答案与解析.doc
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1、考博英语模拟试卷 293及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 It is incongruous that the number of British institutions offering MBA courses should have grown by 254 percent during a period when the economy has been sliding into deeper recession. Optimists, or those given to speed, assumptions, might think it marve
2、lous to have such a resource of business school graduates ready for the recovery. Unfortunately, there is now much doubt about the value of the degree not least among MBA graduates themselves, suffering as they are from the effects of recession and facing the prospect of shrinking management structu
3、res. What was taken some years ago as a ticket of certain admission to success is now being exposed to the scrutiny of cost-conscious employers who seek “ can-dos“ rather than “might-dos“, and who feel that academia has not been sufficiently appreciative of the needs of industry or of the employers
4、possible contribution. It is curious, given the name of the degree, that there should be no league table for UK business schools; no unanimity about what the degree should encompass; and no agreed system of accreditation. Surely there is something wrong. One wonders where all the tutors for this mas
5、sive infusion of business expertise came from and why all this mushrooming took place. Perhaps companies that made large investments would have been wiser to invest in already existing managers, perched anxiously on their own internal ladders. The Institute of Managements 1992 survey, which revealed
6、 that eighty-one per cent of managers thought they personally would be more effective if they received more training, suggests that this might be the case. There is, too, the fact that training alone does not make successful managers. They need the inherent qualifications. Of character; a degree of
7、self-subjugation; and, above all, the ability to communicate and lead; more so now, when empowerment is a buzzword that is at least generating genuflexions, if not total conviction. One can easily think of people, some comparatively unlettered, who are now lauded captains of industry. We may, theref
8、ore, not need to be too concerned about the fall in applications for business school places, or even the doubt about MBAs. The proliferation and subsequent questioning may have been an inevitable evolution. If the Management Charter Initiative, now exploring the introduction of a senior management q
9、ualification, is successful, there will be a powerful corrective. We believe now that management is all about change. One hopes there will be some of that in relationship between management and science within industry, currently causing concern and which is overdue for attention. No one doubts that
10、we need more scientists and innovation to give us an edge in an increasingly competitive world. If scientists feel themselves under-valued and under-used, working in industrial ghettos, that is not a promising augury for the future. It seems we have to resolve these misapprehensions between science
11、and industry. Above all, we have to make sure that management is not itself smug about its status and that it does not issue mission statements about communication without realizing that the essence of it is a dialogue. More empowerment is required and we should strive to achieve it. 1 What is the w
12、riters view in the reading passage? ( A) He believes that there are too many MBAs. ( B) He believes that the degree is over-valued. ( C) He believes that standards are inconsistent. ( D) He believes that the degree has dubious value. 2 According to the passage, employers_. ( A) feel that they have n
13、ot been consulted sufficiently about their needs ( B) consider that cost-consciousness is the most important qualification ( C) are more concerned about the value of the degree than graduates themselves ( D) feel that MBAs will not be necessary because of shrinking management structures 3 According
14、to the passage_. ( A) managers need a degree and the ability to communicate ( B) training needs to be done in groups to be successful ( C) managers today must have good communication and leadership skills ( D) industrial managers do not need to write letters 4 In the writers opinion_. ( A) science i
15、ncreases competition ( B) scientists are undervalued ( C) the management of science needs reassessment ( D) management feels smug about its status 5 Which of the information is true according to the passage? ( A) Most managers interviewed felt that their colleagues needed more training. ( B) Employe
16、rs today are looking for proven experience rather than potential ability. ( C) The Management Charter Initiative is an attempt to standardize MBAs. ( D) Companies would have benefited more from recruiting MBAs rather than investing in their own staff. 5 For years, studies have found that first-gener
17、ation college studentsthose who do not have a parent with a college degreelag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, co
18、lleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox“ in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close“ achievement gap based on soci
19、al class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science. But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program)can close 63
20、percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students. The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their finding are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private university. First gen
21、eration was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59. 1 percent)were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8. 6 percent of the students with at least one parent w
22、ith a four-year degree. Their thesisthat a relatively modest intervention could have a big impactwas based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past rese
23、arch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap. Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the rules of the game, and take advantage of college resources,“ they write. And this beco
24、mes more of a problem when colleges dont talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. “Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational experience, many first-generation students lack insight about why they
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- 外语类 试卷 英语 模拟 293 答案 解析 DOC