[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷288及答案与解析.doc

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1、考博英语模拟试卷 288及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one da

2、y remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of them, women and children on the roads. Man ver

3、sus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousand of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extens

4、ion of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a mans very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind steering wheels. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and utterly

5、 selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving. The surprising thing is that the society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to

6、become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten. It is high time a world code were created to reduce this sen

7、seless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some of the things

8、that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put throug

9、h strict annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a persons driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws(where they exist)should be made much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safet

10、y specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, th

11、e world is for human beings, not for motor-cars. 1 The main idea of this passage is_. （ A） traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists （ B） thousands of people the world over are killed each year （ C） the laws of some countries about driving are too lax （ D） only stricter traffic laws can preve

12、nt accidents 2 What does the author think of society toward motorists? （ A） Society criticizes the motorists severely. （ B） Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns. （ C） Society overlooks their rude driving. （ D） Victims of accidents are nothing. 3 Why does the author say “his car becomes t

13、he extension of his personality“? （ A） Driving can show his real self. （ B） Driving can show the other part of his personality. （ C） Driving can bring out his character. （ D） His car embodies his temper. 4 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents? （ A） Build more hi

14、ghways. （ B） Stricter driving tests. （ C） Test drivers every three years. （ D） Raise age limit and lay down safety specifications. 5 The attitude of the author is_. （ A） ironical （ B） critical （ C） appealing （ D） militant 5 What will man be like in the futurein 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? W

15、e can only make a guess, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today. For man is slowly changing all the time. Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hu

16、ndred years is a relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brains capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and

17、 more, and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change too: the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger. Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over v

18、ery long period of time it is likely that mans eyes will grow stronger. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.

19、But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald! Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to l

20、ook at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own. 6 The passage tells us about_. （ A） how mans life will be in the future （ B） how future man w

21、ill look like （ C） the fact that mans organs will function differently in the future （ D） the fact that man is growing uglier as time passes 7 There is evidence that man is changing_. （ A） man has been growing taller over the past five hundred years （ B） man has got stronger eyes now than he ever ha

22、d （ C） mans hair is getting thinner and thinner （ D） mans limbs are growing weaker because he tends to make less use of them 8 Mans forehead will grow larger because_. （ A） he still makes use of only about 20% of the brains capacity （ B） the other 80% of his brain will grow in due time （ C） he had r

23、ather narrow forehead a few hundred years ago （ D） he will have to use his brain more and more as time goes on 9 Future man will probably_. （ A） have smaller eyes （ B） have larger eyes （ C） see better （ D） have to wear better glasses 10 The reason for believing that future man will be different is t

24、hat he_. （ A） is always growing （ B） never stops changing （ C） hopes for a change （ D） will live a different life 10 Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They sho

25、uld also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scienti

26、st. This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who has been presented with science as the production of gadgets; and for the per

27、son who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any coursesimply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book

28、will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may pla

29、y in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture. We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who

30、populated it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and m

31、ake significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contributions, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns

32、and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally. We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as i

33、nformative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldnt take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living. 11 According to the passage, “scientific subcult

34、ure“ means_. （ A） cultural groups that are formed by scientists （ B） people whose knowledge of science is very limited （ C） the scientific community （ D） people who make good contribution to science 12 We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because _. （ A） it is not e

35、asy to understand the things that excite and frustrate science （ B） science affects almost every aspect of our life （ C） scientists live in a specific substructure （ D） it is easier to understand general characteristics of science 13 The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who_. （

36、A） long for deeper understanding of science （ B） are good at producing various gadgets （ C） work in a storehouse of dried facts （ D） are interested in popular science 14 According to this passage, _. （ A） English is a sexist language （ B） only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing

37、rapidly （ C） women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language （ D） male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists 15 This passage most probably is_. （ A） a book review （ B） the preface of a book （ C） the post script of a book （ D） the conclud

38、ing part of a book 15 Next to Sir Andrew in the club-room sits Captain Sentry, a gentleman of great courage, good understanding, but invincible modesty. He is one of those that deserve very well, but are very awkward at putting their talents within the observation of such as should take notice of th

39、em. He was some years a captain, and behaved himself with great gallantry in several engagements and at several sieges; but having a small estate of his own, and being next heir to Sir Roger, he has quitted a way of life in which no man can rise suitably to his merit, who is not something of a court

40、ier as well as a soldier. I have heard him often lament that in a profession where merit is placed in so conspicuous a view, impudence should get the better of modesty. When he had talked to this purpose; I never heard him make a sour expression, but frankly confess that he left the world because he

41、 was not fit for it. A strict honesty, and an even regular behavior, are in themselves obstacles to him that must press through crowds, who endeavour at the same end with himself, the favor of a commander. He will, however, in his way of talk excuse generals for not disposing according to mens deser

42、t, or inquiring into it; for, says he, that the great man who has a mind to help me, has as many, to break through to come at me, as I have to come at him: therefore he will conclude that the man who would make a figure, especially in a military way, must get over all false modesty, and assist his p

43、atron against the importunity of other pretenders, by a proper assurance in his own vindication. He says it is a civil cowardice to be backward in asserting what you ought to expect, as it is a military fear to be slow in attacking when it is your duty. With this candour does the gentleman speak of

44、himself and others. The same frankness runs through all his conversation. The military part of his life has furnished him with many adventures, in the relation of which he is very agreeable to the company; for he is never overbearing, though accustomed to command men in the utmost degree below him;

45、nor ever too obsequious, from a habit of obeying men highly above him. 16 Captain Sentry, in this passage, demonstrates that he is noteworthy because of his_. （ A） domineering quality （ B） modesty （ C） honesty （ D） frankness 17 Advancement in the army is often given to the person who_. （ A） calls at

46、tention to himself （ B） performs valiantly on the battlefield （ C） is obsequious （ D） is a civil coward 18 Captain Sentry retired to the country because he was_. （ A） bitter about his rank （ B） Sir Rogers heir （ C） too modest to be noticed by his superiors （ D） accustomed to obeying people above him

47、 19 “Candour“ means_. （ A） frankness （ B） obsequious （ C） optimism （ D） sarcasm 20 In describing Captain Sentrys failure to advance the author is_. （ A） factual （ B） obsequious （ C） sarcastic （ D） gallant 二、 Structure and Vocabulary 21 The two newspapers gave different_of what happened. （ A） version

48、s （ B） editions （ C） productions （ D） texts 22 Some people think its_to smoke with a cigarette holder. （ A） flexible （ B） sophisticated （ C） versatile （ D） productive 23 The degree of economic growth is an_of the level of living. （ A） index （ B） advantage （ C） access （ D） aspect 24 I want to talk ab

49、out all these points in_order of importance. （ A） declining （ B） descending （ C） plunging （ D） falling 25 Efforts to reach the injured men have been_because of a sudden deterioration in weather conditions. （ A） enforced （ B） intensified （ C） continued （ D） strengthened 26 I dont understand why people_such a beautiful garden with cans and bottles. （ A） located （ B） provided （ C） protected （ D） littered 27 Ive never_the theory that people are more i