[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷270及答案与解析.doc

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1、考博英语模拟试卷 270及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Hidden hotel costs can be a source of frustration to the frugal traveler. （ A） careful （ B） clever （ C） ignorant （ D） economical 2 Thick with trees and sparse with homes, this tranquil area 50 miles north of Houston could be a slice of heaven. （ A） mo

2、lten （ B） serene （ C） isolated （ D） snobbish 3 Accommodations must be made for students with learning disabilities. （ A） criminal （ B） pump （ C） psychology （ D） lodgings 4 History was being catalogued here, the missed opportunities, blunders, and outright mistakes. （ A） attempts （ B） insults （ C） mi

3、stakes （ D） arguments 5 The press mocked his attempts to appeal to young voters. （ A） ridiculed （ B） entertained （ C） ignored （ D） drew 6 The federal court has been putting pressure on the state to adhere to the population caps in the decree. （ A） encounter （ B） stick to （ C） prepare （ D） anticipate

4、 7 Widespread wage reductions were imposed during the recession of 19061909 and price inflation thereafter impeded the recovery of real wage levels. （ A） convoluted （ B） belied （ C） encumbered （ D） stoked 8 Helplessly she blinked up at him, feeling a slow lethargy creep through her whole body. （ A）

5、provision （ B） cylinder （ C） contradiction （ D） exhaustion 9 The attack was meticulously planned and executed. （ A） negligently （ B） slovenly （ C） fussily （ D） discreetly 10 At the same time, medical and social science research began to indicate that retirement itself had detrimental effects. （ A） d

6、amaging （ B） magnificent （ C） useful （ D） relevant 11 His ideas are invariably condemned as_by his colleagues. （ A） imaginative （ B） ingenious （ C） impractical （ D） theoretical 12 The reception was attended by_members of the local community. （ A） excellent （ B） conspicuous （ C） prominent （ D） notice

7、able 13 Mondays earthquake_windows and woke residents. （ A） slammed （ B） prosecuted （ C） rattled （ D） pierced 14 Environmentalists_that it will not be easy to persuade car drivers to use their vehicles less often. （ A） deliver （ B） deserve （ C） contrast （ D） concede 15 Lately, the restaurant chain,

8、which_ mainly to blue-collar diners, has been hurt by competition. （ A） caters （ B） fabricates （ C） facilitates （ D） flees 16 The nation_ the death of its great war leader. （ A） protruded （ B） lamented （ C） rebuked （ D） racked 17 The report_poor safety standards for the accident. （ A） blames （ B） ch

9、arges （ C） complains （ D） accuses 18 The new school building is_completion. （ A） nearly to （ B） close to （ C） almost at （ D） just about at 19 Walking is excellent for working_tension. （ A） out （ B） away （ C） down （ D） off 20 Any negative statements and accusations should be made_and forthrightly ans

10、wered, preferably at the level on which they originate. （ A） promptly （ B） thoroughly （ C） punctually （ D） exactly 二、 Cloze 20 Color is very important to most animals for it helps them to get along in the world. Color【 C1】 _to make an animal difficult for its enemies to【 C2】 _. Many animals match th

11、eir【 C3】 _so well that as long as they do not move no one is【 C4】 _to see them. You probably have often “jumped“ a rabbit. If you【 C5】_, you know how the rabbit sits perfectly still【 C6】 _you are just a few feet away. You【 C7】 _see the rabbit till it runs for its【 C8】 _matches very closely the place

12、 where it is【 C9】 _. Many times you may have walked past a rabbit【 C10】 _didnt run and you never knew it was there at all. One of the most usual color schemes that helps animals to keep【 C11】 _being seen, is a dark back and light underpants. If an animal is the same color all【 C12】_, there is always

13、 a dark shadow along the animals belly(腹部 ).【 C13】 _an enemy couldnt see the animal he could see this dark shadow. The shadow makes the animal【 C14】 _out to view. But if the belly is【 C15】 _than the rest of the animal, the shadow will not be noticed. 21 【 C1】 （ A） helps （ B） contributes （ C） tries （

14、 D） manages 22 【 C2】 （ A） watch （ B） see （ C） catch （ D） kill 23 【 C3】 （ A） conditions （ B） surroundings （ C） enemies （ D） bodies 24 【 C4】 （ A） enable （ B） hardly （ C） likely （ D） possible 25 【 C5】 （ A） do not （ B） had not （ C） did （ D） have 26 【 C6】 （ A） where （ B） there （ C） while （ D） until 27 【

15、C7】 （ A） sometimes （ B） occasionally （ C） seldom （ D） often 28 【 C8】 （ A） surface （ B） coat （ C） shape （ D） appearance 29 【 C9】 （ A） sitting （ B） matching （ C） running （ D） jumping 30 【 C10】 （ A） you （ B） that （ C） it （ D） which 31 【 C11】 （ A） out of （ B） on （ C） from （ D） off 32 【 C12】 （ A） alone （

16、 B） together （ C） over （ D） right 33 【 C13】 （ A） Even if （ B） Unless （ C） However （ D） As long as 34 【 C14】 （ A） stand （ B） stretch （ C） push （ D） bring 35 【 C15】 （ A） thinner （ B） darker （ C） bigger （ D） lighter 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies

17、and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards“; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological “drives“ as thirst or

18、hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise. It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome. Papousek began his studies by u

19、sing milk in the normal way to “reward“ the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of

20、pleasure. So he began to study the childrens response in situation where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on“ a display of lights and indeed that they were capable of learning quite

21、 complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side. Papouseks light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights c

22、losely although they would “smile and bubble“ when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of lights which pleased them, it was the success that they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to m

23、ake sense of the world and bring it under intentional control. 36 According to the author, babies learn to do things which_. （ A） are directly related to pleasure （ B） will meet their physical needs （ C） will bring them a feeling of success （ D） will satisfy their curiosity 37 Papousek noticed in hi

24、s studies that a baby_. （ A） would make learned response when it saw the milk （ B） would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink （ C） would continue the simple movements without being given milk （ D） would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink 38 In Papouseks exp

25、eriment babies made learned movements of the head in order to_. （ A） have the lights turned on （ B） be rewarded with milk （ C） please their parents （ D） be praised 39 The babies would “smile and bubble“ at the lights because_. （ A） the lights were directly related to some basic “drives“ （ B） the sig

26、ht of the lights was interesting （ C） they need not turn back to watch the lights （ D） they succeeded in “switching on“ the lights 40 According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of_. （ A） a basic human desire to understand and control the world （ B） the sati

27、sfaction of certain physiological needs （ C） their strong desire to solve complex problem （ D） a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills 40 Every time a person eats something he makes a nutritional decision. He accepts or rejects the food available to him at home for meals or snacks.

28、Or he selects food for himself at many places in the community, such as supermarkets, drive-ins, restaurants, and food counters in drugstores. These selections make a difference in how an individual looks, how he feels, and how well he can work and play. When a good assortment of food in appropriate

29、 amounts is selected and eaten, the consequences are more likely to be a desirable level of health and enough energy to allow one to be as active as one needs and wants to be. When choices are less than desirable, the consequences are likely to be poor health or limited energy or both. Studies of di

30、ets of individuals in the United States show that food selection is a highly individual matter, even among young children. Furthermore, far too many individuals of all ages are making poor choices day after day and are either now living with the consequences or will be in the future. Nutritionists a

31、nd workers in allied professions have been concerned about helping people learn to select and enjoy a wide variety of food combinations that can add up to a good diet. Most people believe that they are well fed that the choices they make are good ones. After all, they are not really sick, neither ar

32、e they hungry. However, their nutrition is usually poor in one respect or another. Milk and milk products, such as cheeses, ice cream or milk, buttermilk, and yogurt, are often slighted. Then people may skip many fruits and vegetables, particularly those that are good sources of vitamins A and C. Th

33、ese include dark green leafy vegetables, deep yellow vegetables, and citrus fruits and vegetables, such as cabbage, tomatoes, and green peppers. Every American has the right to choose to be uniformed about nutrition as well as to be informed. If a person believes that she is well fed, attitudes, hab

34、its, and information cannot be forced upon her. There are life situations, however, that tend to cause all individuals to want to know how to make the best choices. For example, a young couple is starting a family and must prepare food for young children. 41 Food preference in America is_. （ A） cult

35、urally oriented （ B） inherited （ C） individualistic （ D） according to ages 42 Good amounts of vitamin A can be found in_. （ A） celery （ B） banana （ C） milk （ D） cabbage 43 According to the author, nutritionists are concerned with_. （ A） improving the vitamin content of processed foods （ B） restricti

36、ng the manufacture of high cholesterol foods （ C） informing the public about wholesome foods （ D） helping people enjoy being uninformed about nutrition 44 Some people judge their nutrition by the_. （ A） status of their health （ B） grocery stores where they shop （ C） amount of protein in their diets

37、（ D） food they took 45 The author advocates_. （ A） requiring high school students to take courses on nutrition （ B） making information on nutrition available to the public （ C） forcing food manufacturers to list ingredients on packages （ D） people has the right to choose food 45 Almost since the beg

38、inning of mankind, governments have been recording the numbers of their populace. The first known census report took place in 3800 B. C. in Babylonia for the purpose of deciding who should pay taxes. As time went by, governments found other, more creative uses for knowing their numbers. Egyptian Kin

39、g Ramses II used the census not only to determine who should pay taxes, but also to figure out how to divide land for farming and to decide who could provide manpower for various government projects. These new ideas came about in the mid-1200s-B. C. William the Conqueror brought the concept of censu

40、s taking to England in 1085. All landowners were required to name their holdings for the purpose of taxation. By the fifteenth century, Tudor kings found a new twist to the Egyptians use of the census. They too used the population count as a means of getting ready manpower for important government p

41、rojects, namely, replenishing troops in the ongoing battles in western Europe. A rebellious tide swept over England, however, in the mid-1700s. A bill to authorize a regular census was defeated in Parliament on the grounds that it would give valuable information to Englands enemies. But the tide of

42、rebellion soon turned, and in 1800 England established its first regular census. Meanwhile the United States had already had an ongoing census for ten years. It was authorized in the Constitution for the purpose of deciding how many members of Congress would be needed for a fair representation of th

43、e American people. The constitutional article also established that the census would be taken in 1790 and every ten years thereafter. And so it has. Since its beginning, the American census has gone through many changes. Today the census provides more than a count of the people who live here. It tak

44、es polls on transportation, economic planning, and agriculture. The census also provides data for most government agency statistics, such as the unemployment rate. Counting costs have risen since 1790. The government spent about a penny per person to count post-Revolutionary Americans. Today the cen

45、sus costs $ 250 million more than a dollar per person. Thats a long way since 3800 B. C. 46 The first known census report took place in Babylonia in_. （ A） 1085 （ B） 1200 B.C. （ C） 3800 B.C. （ D） 1790 47 The first census was created for the sole purpose of_. （ A） counting available troops （ B） divid

46、ing farmland （ C） providing manpower （ D） taxing the populace 48 The American census today costs the government approximately_. （ A） $ 0. 01/person （ B） $ 0. 10/person （ C） $1. 00/person （ D） $ 10. 00/person 49 Parliament defeated a bill authorizing a regular census because it_. （ A） might give valu

47、able news to England （ B） would give Englands enemies cause for rebellion （ C） would be too expensive （ D） might disclose information to Englands enemies 50 The author implies the American census is_. （ A） relatively inexpensive to conduct （ B） important to various government branches （ C） an exact

48、count of the citizenry （ D） fairly expensive before 1790 50 It didnt happen overnight. The problem of polluted air has been festering for centuries. Suddenly the problem of air pollution is becoming critical and is erupting right before our eyes. Not only do our eyes burn as they focus through murky

49、 air, but when the air clears, we see trees and vegetation dying. We must realize that this destruction can no longer be pinned to some mysterious cause. The one major culprit is air pollution. Todays air pollution is an unfortunate by-product of the growth of civilization. Civilized mall desires goods that require heavy industrialization and mass production. Machines