[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷156及答案与解析.doc

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1、考博英语模拟试卷 156及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 I find it wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time, to be in company, even with the best, is soon wearisome and dissipating, and I never found a companion so companionable as solitude. We are for the most part more lonely when we go abroad than

2、 when we stay in our chambers, for solitude is not measured by the space that intervenes between a man and his fellows. The farmer, who can work alone all day without feeling lonesome, but must recreate with others at night, wonders how the student can sit alone at night; he does not realize the stu

3、dent, though in the house, is actually at work in his field, chopping his wood as the farmer is in his. Society is commonly too cheap: we meet at very short intervals, not having had time to ac- quire any new value for each other; we meet at meats three times a day and try to give each other a new t

4、aste of that musty old cheese that we ate; we live thick and are in each others way, and I think that we thus lose some respect for one another. We have now agreed on a certain set of rules, called etiquette and politeness, to make this frequent meeting tolerable; certainly less frequency would suff

5、ice for all important and hearty communications between men. It would be better if there were but one inhabitant to a square mile, as where I live, for as the value of a man is not in his skin, we need not touch him. 1 The author of this selection finds solitude_. （ A） lonely （ B） wearisome （ C） hea

6、lthy, sound and comforting （ D） dissipating 2 A person can be more lonely among men than by himself at home because_. （ A） loneliness is a state of mind （ B） solitude is not measured in miles （ C） loneliness is not the same as being alone （ D） all of the above 3 The example of the farmer and the stu

7、dent shows that_. （ A） work satisfies mans need for solitude （ B） men are not lonely when they are working （ C） solitude is a necessary condition of work （ D） man need recreation with men after working 4 Through this example, the author implies that_. （ A） loneliness is a necessity for men （ B） recr

8、eation with others is valueless （ C） loneliness is not equal to solitude （ D） work is mans means of escape from loneliness 5 By living “thick“, the author thinks probably we will_. （ A） find new values in ourselves （ B） increase the value of our friendships （ C） lose respect for one another （ D） acq

9、uire respect of society 5 Today, American colleges and universities are under strong attack from many quarters. Teachers, it is charged, are not doing a good job of teaching, and students are not doing a good job of learning. American businesses and industries suffer from unenterprising, nncreative

10、executives educated not to think for themselves but to mouth outdated truism the rest of the world has long discarded. College graduates lack both basic skills and general culture. Studies are conducted and reports are issued on the status of higher education, but any changes that result either are

11、largely cosmetic or make a bad situation worse. One aspect of American education too seldom challenged is the lecture system. Professors continue to lecture and students to take notes much as they did in the 13th century. This time is long overdue for us to abandon the lecture system and mru to meth

12、ods that really work. One problem with lectures is that listening intelligently is hard work. Even simply payirig attention is difficult. Many students believe years of watching TV has sabotaged their attention span, but their real problem is that listening attentively is much harder than they think

13、. Worse still, attending lectures is passive learning, at least for inexperienced listeners. Active learning, in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor, is far more beneficial for those who have net yet fully learned how to learn. While

14、 its true that techniques of active listening, such as trying to anticipate the speaker s next point or taking notes selectively, can enhance the value of a lecture, few students possess such skills at the beginning of their college career. More commonly, students try to write everything down and ev

15、en bring tape recorders to class in a clumsy effort to capture every word. The lecture system ultimately harms professors as well. It reduces feedback to a minimum, so that the lecturer can neither judge how well students understand the material nor benefit from their questions or comments. If lectu

16、res make no sense, why have they been allowed to continue? Administrators love them, of course. They can cram far more students into a lecture hall than a discussion class. But the truth is that faculty members, and even students, conspire with them to keep the lecture sys- tem alive and well. Profe

17、ssors can pretend to teach by lecturing just as the students can pretend to learn by attending lectures. Moreover, if lectures afford some students an opportunity to sit back and let the professor run the show, they offer some professors an irresistible forum for showing off. Smaller classes in whic

18、h students are required to involve themselves in discussion put an end to students passivity. Students become actively involved when forced to question their own ideas as well as their instructors. Such interchanges help professors do their job better because they allow them to discover who knows wh

19、at-before final exam, not after. When exams are given in this type of course, they can require analysis and synthesis from the students, not empty memorization. Classes like this require energy, imagination, and commitment from professors, all of which can be exhausting. But they compel students to

20、share responsibility for their own intellectual growth. Lectures will never entirely disappear from the university scene both because they seem to be economically necessary and because they spring from a long tradition in a setting that values tradition for its own sake. But the lectures too frequen

21、tly come at the wrong end of the students educational career-during the first 2 years, when they most need close, even individual, instruction. If lecture classes were restricted to junior and senior undergraduates and to graduate students, who are less in need of scholarly nurturing and more able t

22、o prepare work on their own, they would be far less destructive of students interests and enthusiasms than the present system. After all, students must learn to listen before they can listen to learn. 6 According to the author, the lecture system_. （ A） encourages efficient learning （ B） stimulates

23、students to ask questions （ C） helps professors teach better （ D） discourages students attendance and preparation 7 In order to cultivate their thinking skills, students dont need to_. （ A） doodle in their notebooks or bring tape recorders to class （ B） debate （ C） challenge professors （ D） particip

24、ate in group discussion 8 The author implies that large lecture classes_. （ A） require students to have well-developed listening skills （ B） are a modern invention （ C） encourage participation （ D） are more harmful for juniors and seniors than freshmen 9 The author implies that administrators love l

25、ectures because_. （ A） students learn better in lectures （ B） professors teach better through lecturing （ C） professors can display in lectures （ D） schools make more money on lecture classes 10 Which of the following statements would be a title for this passage? （ A） How to Benefit from Lecture Cla

26、sses. （ B） The Necessity of Classroom Lecturing. （ C） Problems with Lecture Classes. （ D） College Lectures: an Inspirational Tradition. 10 She was slim and he liked her that way. So he called a lawyer. The result was a contract. According to the document, the fresh-faced bride agreed to pay a fine f

27、or each pound she gained in weight, the money refundable upon its loss. The paper signed, and the wedding went on. This is a prenuptial agreementone more indication of the strange pass of marriage in this most trans- actional decade. You are welcome to marriage, contractual style, where increasingly

28、 detailed le- gal documents spell out everything from who s going to do the dishes to who s going to get the house when you split. This is family planning taken to extreme. Once employed solely by the rich, second-timers and the old industrialist carrying off the latest young cookie, the prenuptial

29、agreementa written pact between a couple outlining the financial obligation in the event of divorceis becoming com- monplace in a litigious, disillusioned and materialistic age in which one in every two marriages is projected to end in divorce. The only question is: What about love? When asked wheth

30、er anyone believes in Cupid any- more, Dr. Michael Vincent Miller says, “Given a century that is full of sexual liberation, com- purer-dating services and so on, one feels tempted to reply, Only in a mood of desperate nostalgia. “Prenups do assume negativity. Founded on disillusionment, they cannot

31、be separated from the United States.“ The result, argues Miller, is a kind of defending mentality. “We have got good at managing finiteness, failure and trouble with a sort of Whats yours and whats mine is mines realism. Weve seen it isnt all about love. Weve seen theres power politics in therea fig

32、ht for control, and when youve got those things, youre half way to lawyers and money.“ In other ways, however, the compacts embody positive, even idealistic thinking about marriage, love and relations, a law scholar Isabel Marcus believes. Marcus says, “Contracts could spell the end of romantic love

33、 as salvation. They say love exists, but that its best accompanied by good, hard thinking about equitability.“ By writing a contract, the couple gains control of its marriage. “What s good is it contributes to honesty; what s unfortunate is the idea that any contract can govern your emotions,“ says

34、the author of the book The Nature of Love. 11 The scene described in the first paragraph_. （ A） is a part of a comedy film （ B） is something rare （ C） is something real and becoming common daily （ D） is ridiculous 12 According to the passage, people_. （ A） know more about how to protect their intere

35、sts （ B） are enjoying more equality in their marriages （ C） believe the law undoubtedly （ D） have a high divorce rate 13 The phenomenon of prenups _. （ A） shows the improvement of peoples life （ B） shows that people nowadays are more realistic than romantic （ C） is the product of womens liberation （

36、 D） shows that people dont believe each other 14 Some people argue that prenups are positive because they _. （ A） guarantee the equality of everyone （ B） make love accompanied by a balance relation between the two （ C） guarantee the freedom and equal rights of women （ D） make marriages suit the mode

37、rn timers better 15 What is the main idea of the passage? （ A） Cupid is cast aside as prenuptlal agreements become common. （ B） Prenuptial agreements will provide you dignity when you divorce. （ C） Prenuptial agreements and marriages are mutually inclusive. （ D） Yours is yours and mine is mine. 15 N

38、o one disagrees with the economic necessity of geographically extending a product. Not only does it increase turnover but also it makes economies of scale possible, thus giving companies a competitive advantage in local markets. But how far do we push the global idea? Should we globalize all aspects

39、 of a brand: its name, its creative concept and the product itself? Global branding implies the wish to extend all three aspects throughout the world. Rarely, though, is it realistic and profitable to extend all of Ihem? The Mars brand, for instance, is not absolutely global. The Mars chocolate bar

40、is sold as an all-round nutritious snack in the UK and as an energizer in Europe. Nestle adapts the taste of its worldwide brands to local markets. The Nescafe formulas vary worldwide. Nowhere is globalization more desirable than in sectors that revolve around mobility, such as the car rental and ai

41、rline industries. When a brand in these sectors is seen as being international, its authority and expertise are automatically accepted. Companies such as Hertz, Avis and Europcar globalized their advertising campaigns by portraying typical images such as the busy executive. An Italian businessman wi

42、ll identify more with a hurried businessman who is not Italian than with an Italian who is not a businessman. The main aim of such global marketing campaigns is not to increase sales but to maximize profitability. For example, instead of bringing out different TV advertisements for each country, a f

43、irm can use a single film for one region. The McCann-Erikson agency is proud of the fact that it has saved Coca-Cola $ 90m over the past 20 years by producing commercials with global appeal. Social and cultural developments provide a favorable platform for globalization. When young people no longer

44、identify with long-established local values, they seek new models on which to build their identity. They are then open to influence from abroad. When drinking Coca-Cola, we all drink the American myth-fresh, young, dynamic, powerful, all American images. Nike tells young people everywhere to surpass

45、 themselves, to transcend the confines of their race and culture. Globalization is also made easier when a brand is built around a cultural stereotype. AEG, BOSCH, Siemens, Mercedes and BMW rest secure on the “Made in Germany“ model, which opens up the global market since the stereotype goes beyond

46、national boundaries. People every- where associate the stereotype with robust performance. Barilla is another example: it is built on the classic Italian image of tomato sauce, pasta, a carefree way of life, songs and sun. IKEA furniture epitomizes Sweden. Laneome expresses the sophistication of the

47、 French woman. Certain organizational factors ease the shift to a global brand. American firms, for instance, are naturally geared towards globalization because marketing in their huge domestic market already treats America as a single entity despite its social and cultural differences. Another orga

48、nizational factor concerns the way US companies first expanded in Europe. Many set up European headquarters, usually based in Brussels or London. From early on Europe was considered a single and homogeneous area. Finally, a single center of production is also a great advantage. Procter up will furth

49、er invigorate economic development. Social stability and national unity provide the basic guarantee for the modernization drive. Furthermore, the theory, the line and the policy of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, which evolved through practice, clearly indicate the direction for continued progress. 52. Viewed from a global perspective, the peaceful international environment and our countrys good peripheral relations can be expected to continue and therefore we can per