[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷150及答案与解析.doc

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1、考博英语模拟试卷 150及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Albert Einstein once attributed the creativity of a famous scientist to the fact that he “never went to school, and therefore preserved the rare gift of thinking freely“. There is undoubtedly truth in Einsteins observation. Many artists and geniuses seem

2、 to view their schooling as a disadvantage. But such a truth is not a criticism of schools. It is the function of schools to civilize, not to train explorers. The explorer is always a lonely individual whether his or her pioneering be in art, music, science, or technology. The creative explorer of u

3、nmapped lands shares with the genius what William James described as the “faculty of perceiving in an unhabitual way“. Insofar as schools teach perceptual patterns they tend to destroy creativity and genius. But if schools could somewhat exist solely to cultivate genius, then society would break dow

4、n. For the social order demands unity and widespread agreement, both traits are destructive to creativity. There will always be conflict between the demands of society and the impulses of creativity and genius. 1 Albert Einstein once thought that schools _. （ A） helped develop the creativity of a sc

5、ientist （ B） preserved a rare gift for a scientist （ C） prevented a scientist from thinking freely （ D） contributed a lot to science and technology 2 In the authors opinion, schooling meets the need of _. （ A） genius （ B） social order （ C） faculty of perceiving （ D） the impulses of creativity 3 Ther

6、e will always be contradiction between _. （ A） the demands of society and schooling （ B） cultivation of creativity and faculty of perceiving （ C） social unity and schooling （ D） creativity and widespread social agreement 4 Which statement best expresses the main idea of the passage? （ A） Einstein an

7、d artists have said schools limit creativity and genius. （ B） Schools should be designed to encourage creativity and social order. （ C） Explorers and geniuses look at the world differently from the way most people do. （ D） Schools can never satisfy the needs of both genius and society as a whole. 4

8、There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a ne

9、w language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts. By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the ro

10、ad itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends. There are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept. In order

11、to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail“ at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? I

12、f so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think were slow to adapt to change or that

13、were not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all. These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we

14、 protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making. 5 A person is generally believed to have achieved personal growth when _. （ A） he has given up his smoking habit （ B） he has made great efforts in his work （ C） he is keen on learning anything new

15、 （ D） he has tried to determine where he is on his journey 6 In the authors eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would _. （ A） succeed in climbing up the social ladder （ B） judge his ability to grow from his own achievements （ C） face difficulties and take up challenges （ D） climb high a

16、nd reach his goal each time 7 When the author says “a new way of being“, he is referring to _. （ A） a new approach to experiencing the world （ B） a new way of taking risks （ C） a new method of perceiving ourselves （ D） a new system of adapting to change 8 For personal growth, the author advocates al

17、l of the following EXCEPT _. （ A） curiosity about more chances （ B） promptness in self-adaptation （ C） open-mindedness to new experiences （ D） avoidance of internal fears and doubts 8 In the long run a government will always encroach upon freedom to the extent to which it has the power to do so. Thi

18、s is almost a natural law of politics, since, whatever the intentions of the men who exercise political power, the sheer momentum of government leads to a constant pressure upon the liberties of the citizen. But in many countries society has responded by throwing up its own defenses in the shape of

19、social classes or organized corporations which, enjoying economic power and popular support, have been able to set limits to the scope of action of the executive. Such, for example, in England was the origin of all our liberties-won from government by the stand first of the feudal nobility, then of

20、churches and political parties, and latterly of trade unions, commercial organizations, and the societies for promoting various causes. Even in European lands which were arbitrarily ruled, the powers of the monarchy, though absolute in theory, were in their exercise. checked in a similar fashion. In

21、deed the fascist dictatorships of today are the first truly tyrannical governments which western Europe has known for centuries, and they have been rendered possible only because on coming to power they destroyed all forms of social organization which were in any way rivals to the state. 9 The main

22、idea of this paragraph is best expressed as _. （ A） limited powers of monarchies （ B） the ideal of liberal government （ C） functions of trade unions （ D） safeguards of individual liberty 10 The writer maintains that there is a natural tendency for governments to _. （ A） become more democratic （ B） b

23、ecome fascist （ C） suppress trade unions and social societies （ D） assume more .power 11 Monarchy was first checked in England by the _. （ A） trade unions （ B） church （ C） people （ D） nobles 12 Fascist dictatorships differ from monarchies of recent times in _. （ A） setting limits to their scope of a

24、ction （ B） getting things done by sheer momentum （ C） promoting various causes （ D） destroying peoples organizations 12 Foreign propagandists have a strange misconception of our national character. They believe that we Americans must be hybrid, mongrel, undynamic; and we are called so by the enemies

25、 of democracy because, they say, so many races have been fused together in our national life. They believe we are disunited and defenseless because we argue with each other, because we engage in political campaigns, because we recognize the sacred right of the minority to disagree with the majority

26、and to express that disagreement even loudly. It is the very mingling of races, dedicated to common ideals, which creates and recreates our vitality. In every representative American meeting there will be people with names like Jackson and Lincoln and Isaacs and Sehultz and Kovack and Sartori and Jo

27、nes and Smith. These Americans with varied backgrounds are all immigrants or the descendants of immigrants. All of them are inheritors of the same stalwart tradition of unusual enterprise, of adventurousness, of courage-courage to “pull up stakes and git moving“. That has been the great compelling f

28、orce in our history. Our continent, our hemisphere, has been populated by people who wanted a life better than the life they had previously known. They were willing to undergo all conceivable hardships to achieve the better life. They were animated, just as we are animated today, by this compelling

29、force. It is what makes us Americans. 13 The title below that best expresses the main idea of this selection is _. （ A） No Common Ideals （ B） Americas Motivating Force （ C） American Immigrants （ D） The Evils of Foreign Propaganda 14 According to the paragraph, our national character thrives because

30、we have _. （ A） immigrant blood （ B） majority groups （ C） been uprooted （ D） driving ambition 15 Foreign propagandists believe that Americans _. （ A） are enemies of democracy （ B） lack a common heritage （ C） have a unified national character （ D） refuse to argue with each other 16 Foreign propagandi

31、sts and the author both agree that Americans _. （ A） are disunited （ B） have no common tradition （ C） come from varied backgrounds （ D） have the courage of their convicitons 16 During the first year that Mr. Wordsworth and I were neighbours, our conversations turned frequently on the two cardinal po

32、ints of poetry, the power of exciting the sympathy of the reader by a faithful adherence to the truth of nature, and the power of giving the interest of novelty by the modifying colours of imagination. The sudden charm, which accidents of light and shade, which moon-light or sunset diffused over a k

33、nown and familiar landscape, appeared to represent the practicability of combining both. These are the poetry of nature. The thought suggested itself-(to which of us I do not recollect)-that a series of poems might be composed of two sorts. In the one, the incidents and agents were to he, in part at

34、 least, supernatural. And the excellence aimed at was to consist in the interesting of the affections by the dramatic truth of such emotions, as would naturally accompany such situations, supposing them real. And real in this sense they have been to every human being who, from whatever source of del

35、usion, has at any time believed himself under supernatural agency. For the second class, subjects were to be chosen from ordinary life. The characters and incidents were to be such as will be found in every village and its vicinity, where there is a meditative and feeling mind to seek after them, or

36、 to notice them, when they present themselves. In this idea originated the plan of the Lyrical Ballads, in which it was agreed, that my endeavors should be directed to persons and characters supernatural, or at least romantic. Yet so as to transfer from our inward nature a human interest and a sembl

37、ance of truth sufficient to procure for these shadows of imagination that willing suspension of disbelief for the moment, which constitutes poetic faith. Mr. Wordsworth, on the other hand, was to propose to himself as his object, to give the charm of novelty to things of every day, and to excite a f

38、eeling analogous to the supernatural, by awakening the minds attention to the lethargy of custom, and directing it to the loveliness and the wonders of the world before us. And inexhaustible treasure, but for which, in consequence of the film of familiarity and selfish solicitude, we have eyes, yet

39、see not, ears that hear not, and hearts that neither feel nor understand. 17 Mr. Coleridge, the author this passage, felt that one characteristic of his poetry in Lyrical Ballads was its emphasis on _. （ A） ordinary life （ B） nature （ C） the supernatural （ D） the lethargy of custom 18 Familiarity of

40、ter _. （ A） breeds contempt （ B） is an exhaustible treasure （ C） has novel elements （ D） hides the beauty of the surroundings 19 Mr. Coleridge wrote _. （ A） none of the poems in Lyrical Ballads （ B） some of the poems （ C） half of the poems （ D） most of the poems 20 The best title for this passage is

41、 _. （ A） Suspension of Belief （ B） Great Collaboration （ C） Adherence to Nature （ D） The Poetry of Nature 二、 English-Chinese Translation 20 21. Next to Sir Andrew in the clubroom sits Captain Sentry, a gentleman of great courage, good understanding, but invincible modesty. He is one of those that de

42、serve very well, but are very awkward at putting their talents within the observation of such as should take notice of them. He was some years a captain, and behaved himself with great gallantry in several engagements and at several sieges, but having a small estate of his own, and being next heir t

43、o Sir Roger, he has quitted a way of life in which no man can rise suitably to his merit, who is not something of a courtier as well as a soldier. 22. I have heard him often lament that in a profession where merit is placed in so conspicuous a view, impudence should get the better of modesty. When h

44、e had talked to this purpose, I never heard him make a sour expression, but frankly confess that he left the world because he was not fit for it. 23. A strict honesty, and an even regular behavior, are in themselves obstacles to him that must press through crowds, who endeavor at the same end with h

45、imself, the favor of a commander. 24. He will, however, in his way of talk excuse generals for not disposing according to mens deserts, or inquiring into it. For, says he, that the great man who has a mind to help me, has as many to break through to come at me, as I have to come at him: therefore he

46、 will conclude that the man who would make a figure, especially in a military way, must get over all false modesty, and assist his patron against the importunity of other pretenders, by a proper assurance in his own vindication. He says it is a civil cowardice to be backward in asserting what you ou

47、ght to expect, as it is a military fear to be slow in attacking when it is your duty. With this candor does the gentleman speak of himself and others. The same frankness runs through all his conversation. The military part of his life has furnished him with many adventures, in the relation of which

48、he is very agreeable to the company, for he is never overbearing, though accustomed to command men in the utmost degree below him, nor ever too obsequious, from a habit of obeying men highly above him. 三、 Chinese-English Translation 25 爱情被认为是文学作品的永恒主题，中西方文化都产生了许多以爱情为主题的伟大作品。我国伟大的古典小说家曹雪芹所著的红楼梦和 “英国文

49、学之父 ”威廉 莎士比亚的罗密欧与朱丽叶，都是以爱情为主题的文学作品。 曹雪芹于 18世纪末期完成红楼梦，而莎士比亚的作品于 20世纪初期才传人中国。因此，曹雪芹的红楼梦并未受到罗密欧与朱丽叶的影响。莎士比亚生活在 16 17世纪的英格兰，他自然无缘见识红楼梦。可是，这两位生活于不同世 纪、不同文化背景下的文坛巨人的作品中，却存在着许多共同之处。 26 禽流感病毒目前已经在亚洲 4个国家感染了 117人，造成 60多人死亡。这种病毒还在不断变异，在这个问题上专家们的意见异乎寻常地统一。他们纷纷警告说，如果在今后两年内，禽流感病毒通过变异能够在人与人之间传播，人类将会遭受一场前所未有的大灾难。 四、 Writing 27 In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled The Development of English Economy in China in no less than 200 words. Your composi