[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷136及答案与解析.doc
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1、考博英语模拟试卷 136及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 A man-made chemical that attracts male gypsy moths by duplicating the natural attractant of female gypsy moths has been patented as No. 3,018,219. Dr. Martin Jacobson of Silver Spring, Md., assigned patent rights to the U. S. Government as represented by
2、 the Secretary of Agriculture. The chemical can be used to detect gypsy moth infestations, as well as to control the insects. The gypsy moth does serious damage to forest and shade trees in New England and eastern New York State. The caterpillars, or larvae, of gypsy moths eat the leaves of trees, o
3、ften causing death by a single attack. Losses of hardwood trees have been estimated at tens of millions of dollars from a 20-year study. Gypsy moths were prevented from spreading to other U. S. forest areas by using the natural attractant of the female to detect infestations, then spraying with chem
4、icals such as DDT to kill the insects. Since the lure could previously be obtained only by clipping the last two abdominal segments of the virgin female moth, extracting the segments with benzene and then processing to stabilize the chemical, the procedure was expensive. Another difficulty was that,
5、 as the gypsy moth population declined, it became increasingly hard to obtain the females needed for lure production. Dr. Jacobson overcame both these difficulties by discovering a synthetic method for making the females attractant chemical. The chemical is known as 12-acetoxy-l-hydroxycis-9- octade
6、cene. It is so potent that the fraction of a drop produced by the female is 200,000 times more than the amount needed to catch a mate. The synthetic chemical is also very powerful-it works in amounts about equivalent to one drop in a box car. The flightless female gypsy moth mates only once a year a
7、nd, as soon as she does, an enzyme switches off production of the sex attractant. The winged male, however, call mate several times and it is because of this that the chemical is being used for pest control. By using a mixture of attractant and DDT in traps lined with a sticky substance, enough male
8、s can be caught to reduce the gypsy moth population substantially. 1 The damage done by gypsy moths to trees in New England and New York is done by _. ( A) only the male moth ( B) only the female moth ( C) a substitute female attractant ( D) caterpillars 2 Prior to Dr. Jacobsons synthetic drug, scie
9、ntists found difficulty in controlling the pest because _. ( A) the natural drug was unavailable ( B) female moths hid from the scientists ( C) extracting the natural drug involved a complicated process ( D) the gypsy moth population declined 3 Dr. Jacobsons chemical works by _. ( A) killing the cat
10、erpillars ( B) attacking the larvae ( C) killing the female moth ( D) attracting the male moth 4 We may assume that Dr. Jacobson assigned patent rights to the United States Government because he _. ( A) is a patriotic citizen ( B) is interested in pure research ( C) is an employee of the Department
11、of Agriculture ( D) wants to destroy the gypsy moth 4 Unlike the carefully weighed and planned compositions of Dante, Goethes writings have always the sense of immediacy and enthusiasm. He was a constant experimenter with life, with ideas, and with forms of writing. For the same reason, his works se
12、ldom have the qualities of finish or formal beauty which distinguish the masterpieces of Dante and Virgil. He came to love the beauties of classicism, but these were never an essential part of his makeup. Instead, the urgency of the moment, the spirit of the thing, guided his pen. As a result, nearl
13、y all his works have serious flaws of structure, of inconsistencies, of excesses and redundancies and extraneities. In the large sense, Goethe represents the fullest development of the romanticist. It has been argued that he should not be so designated because he so clearly matured and outgrew the k
14、ind of romanticism exhibited by Wordsworth, Shelley, and Keats. Shelley and Keats died young; Wordsworth lived narrowly and abandoned his early attitudes. In contrast, Goethe lived abundantly anti developed his faith in the spirit, his understanding of nature and human nature, and his reliance on fe
15、elings as mans essential motivating force. The result was all-encompassing vision of reality and a philosophy of life broader and deeper than the partial visions and attitudes of other romanticists. Yet the spirit of youthfulness, the impatience with close reasoning or “logic-chopping,“ and the cont
16、inued faith in nature remained his to tile end, together with an occasional waywardness and impulsiveness and a disregard of artistic or logical propriety which savor strongly of romantic individualism. Since so many twentieth century thoughts and attitudes are similarly based on the stimulus of the
17、 Romantic Movement, Goethe stands as particularly the poet of the modern man as Dante stood for medieval man and as Shakespeare for the man of the Renaissance. 5 The title that best expresses the main idea of this passage is _. ( A) Goethe and Dante ( B) The Characteristics of Romanticism ( C) Class
18、icism versus Romanticism ( D) Goethe, the Romanticist 6 Goethes work shows a lack of _. ( A) inconsistencies ( B) a vision of reality ( C) repetitions ( D) formal polish 7 Goethe is called the poet of the modern man because _. ( A) he developed his faith ( B) he lived longer than Shelley and Keats (
19、 C) he presents many twentieth-century ideas ( D) avoidance of ideas 8 Good medieval writing was characterized by _. ( A) careful planning ( B) lack of beauty ( C) use of Latin ( D) avoidance of ideas 8 The coastlines on the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean present a notable parallelism: the easternm
20、ost region of Brazil, in Pernambuco, has a convexity that corresponds almost perfectly with the concavity of the African Gulf of Guinea, while the contours of the African coastline between Rio de Oro and Liberia would, by the same approximation, match those of the Caribbean Sea. Similar corresponden
21、ces are also observed in many other regions of the earth. This observation began to awaken scientific interest about sixty years ago, when Alfred Wegener, a professor at the University of Hamburg, used it as a basis for formulating a revolutionary theory in geological science. According to Wegener,
22、there was originally only one continent or landmass, which he called Pangea. Inasmuch as continental masses are lighter than tile base on which they rest, he reasoned, they must float on the substratum of igneous rock, known as sima, as ice floes float on the sea. Then why, he asked, might continent
23、s not be subject to drifting? The rotation of the globe and other forces, he thought, had caused the cracking and, finally, the breaking apart of the original Pangea, along an extensive line represented today by the longitudinal submerged mountain range in the center of the Atlantic. While Africa se
24、ems to have remained static, the Americas apparently drifted toward the west until they reached their present position after more than 100 million years. Although the phenomenon seems fantastic, accustomed as we are to the concept of the rigidity and immobility of the continents, on the basis of the
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- 外语类 试卷 英语 模拟 136 答案 解析 DOC