[外语类试卷]大学英语四级模拟试卷771及答案与解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 771及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the expenditure structure of college students with the title of Can You Make Ends Meet. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 试述你目前

2、的消费水平 (如平均每月消费金额、主要用于哪些方面及各方面所占总金额的比重 )。 2你主要的生活来源是什么 ?你有否通过其他方式补贴你的生活？ 3你认为目前大学生消费存在哪些方面的问题？ 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For

3、questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 A Workaholic Economy For the first century or so of t

4、he industrial revolution, increased productivity led to decreases in working hours. Employees who had been putting in 12-hour days, six days a week, found their time on the job shrinking to 10 hours daily, then, finally to eight hours, five days a week. only a generation ago social planners worried

5、about what people would do with all this new-found free time. In the US, at least, it seems they need not have bothered. Although the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945, leisure seems reserved largely for the unemployed and underemployed. Those who work full-time spend as much

6、time on the job as they did at the end of World War . In fact, working hours have increased noticeably since 1970-perhaps because real wages have stagnated that year. Bookstores now abound with manuals describing how to manage time and cope with stress. There are several reasons for lost leisure. Si

7、nce 1970, companies have responded to improvements in the business climate by having employees work overtime rather than by hiring extra personnel, says. economist Juliet B. , Scholar of Harvard University. Indeed, the current economic recovery has gained a certain amount of notoriety for its “joble

8、ss“ nature: increased production has been almost entirely decoupled from employment. Some firms are even down sizing as their profits climb. “All things being equal, wed be better off spreading around the work,“ observes labor economist Ronald G. Ehrenberg of Cornell University. Yet a host of factor

9、s pushes employers to hire fewer workers for more hours and, at the same time, compels workers to spend more time on the job. Most of those incentives involve what Ehrenberg calls the structure of compensation: quirks in the way salaries and benefits are organized that make it more profitable to ask

10、 40 employees to labor an extra hour each than to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job. Professional and managerial employees supply the most obvious lesson along these lines. once people are on salary, their cost to a firm is the same whether they spend 35 hours a week in the office or 7

11、0. Diminishing returns may eventually set in as overworked employees lose efficiency or leave for more arable pastures. But in the short run, the employers incentive is Clear. Even hourly employees receive benefits-such as pension and contributions and medical insurance-that are not tied to the numb

12、er of hours they work. Therefore, it is more profitable for employers to work their existing employees harder. For all that employees complain about long hours, they, too, have reasons not to trade money for leisure. “People who work reduced hours pay a huge penalty in career terms,“ Scholar maintai

13、ns. “Its taken as a negative signal about their commitment to the firm.” Bailyn of Massachusetts Institute of Technology adds that many corporate managers find it difficult to measure the contribution of their underlings to a firms well-being, so they use the number of hours worked as a proxy for ou

14、tput. “Employees know this, she says, and they adjust their behavior accordingly. “Although the image of the good worker is the one whose life belongs to the company,“ Bailyn says, “it doesnt fit the facts. She cites both quantitative and qualitative studies that show increased productivity for part

15、-time workers: they make better use of the time they have, and they are less likely to succumb to fatigue in stressful jobs. Companies that employ more workers for less time also gain from the resulting redundancy, she asserts. “The extra people can cover the contingencies that you know are going to

16、 happen, such as when crises take people away from the workplace. “Positive experiences with reduced hours have begun to change the more-is-better culture at some companies, Scholar reports. Larger firms, in particular, appear to be more willing to experiment with flexible working arrangement. It ma

17、y take even more than changes in the financial and cultural structures of employment for workers successfully to trade increased productivity and money for leisure time, Scholar contends. She says the U.S. market for goods has become skewed by the assumption of full-time, two-career households. Auto

18、mobile makers no longer manufacture cheap models, and developers do not build the tiny. bungalows that served the first post-war generation of home buyers. Not even the humblest household object is made without a microprocessor. U. S. goods are appropriate only for high incomes and long hours. 2 Bai

19、lyn argues that it is better for a company to employ more workers because （ A） it is easy to make excess staff redundant （ B） crises occur if you are under-staffed （ C） people are available to cover the contingencies （ D） they can project appositive image at work 3 Scholar thinks it will be difficul

20、t for workers in the U. S. to reduce their working hours because_. （ A） they would not be able to afford cars or home （ B） employers are offering high incomes for long hours （ C） the future is dependent on technological advances （ D） they do not wish to return to the humble post-war era 4 Among the

21、following statements, which is true according to the passage? （ A） Today, employees are facing a reduction in working hours. （ B） Economic recovery created more jobs. （ C） Bailyns research shows that part-time employees work more efficiently. （ D） Increased leisure time would benefit two-career hous

22、eholds. 5 Why does the writer say that employees “have reasons not to trade money for leisure“? （ A） Increased production has led to joblessness. （ B） Managers estimate staff productivity in terms of hours worked. （ C） Benefits and hours spent on the job are not linked. （ D） Extra work is offered to

23、 existing employees. 6 The authors attitude towards a “workaholic economy“ is_. （ A） optimistic （ B） pessimistic （ C） indifferent （ D） doubtful 7 How do you understand the sentence “Not even the humblest household object is made without a microprocessor“? （ A） only the cheapest household object is m

24、ade with a microprocessor. （ B） Every household object is made with a microprocessor. （ C） only the cheapest household object is made without a microprocessor. （ D） Except for the cheapest household object, everything is made with a microprocessor. 8 What can we infer from the last paragraph? （ A） L

25、ow-income workers with time-consuming jobs will enjoy a fruitful material life in the USA. （ B） Low-income workers with more leisure time will enjoy a fruitful material life in the USA. （ C） High-income jobs workers with time-consuming jobs will enjoy a fruitful material life in the USA. （ D） High-i

26、ncome workers with more leisure time will enjoy a fruitful material life in the USA. 9 For the first century or so of the industrial revolution, increased productivity led to decreases in_. 10 Indeed, the current economic recovery has gained a certain amount of notoriety for_: increased production h

27、as been almost entirely decoupled from employment. Some firms are even down sizing as their profits climb. 11 Most of those incentives involve what Ehrenberg calls_, quirks in the way salaries and benefits are organized that make it more profitable to ask 40 employees to labor an extra hour each tha

28、n to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken

29、only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He is a supervisor. （ B） He is the operator. （ C） He is a salesman. （ D） He is a vice-president. （ A） It became a hit. （ B） It was a

30、flop. （ C） It had a long run. （ D） It never opened. （ A） Take a different bus. （ B） Go shopping at the new store. （ C） Find a new repair garage. （ D） Buy a different car. （ A） Too many people are smoking. （ B） The breeze is so strong. （ C） The window is closed. （ D） The room is full. （ A） He believe

31、s Martin was the wrong person. （ B） He wants to know who is telling the truth. （ C） He finds the decision unbelievable. （ D） He thought there wouldnt be any awards. （ A） It turns in the room. （ B） Its got it from Bill. （ C） Its in the room. （ D） Bill returned it. （ A） That Tom is unkind. （ B） That T

32、om cant help. （ C） That Tom will help. （ D） That Tom wants money. （ A） Hes looking for his raincoat. （ B） Hes soaking his clothes. （ C） He wants to close the window. （ D） He got caught in the snow. （ A） Dyes the plastic for colored products. （ B） Makes bowls and cups and things. （ C） Produces shampo

33、o bottles, car handles, and so on. （ D） Manufactures plastic things. （ A） 50 minutes. （ B） 60 minutes. （ C） 10 minutes. （ D） 15 minutes. （ A） Their lives and friends. （ B） Marketing strategy and production. （ C） Meetings and suppliers. （ D） Production and customers. （ A） The number of families is re

34、duced a lot. （ B） More young people seldom stay at home. （ C） Relatives seldom live in the same place. （ D） The family members live in the same place. （ A） She wishes her parents live with her. （ B） She wishes her parents live alone. （ C） She wishes her parents live in a retirement room. （ D） She wi

35、shes her parents live with her siblings. （ A） Because he is always in trouble at home. （ B） Because he wont live with his parents. （ C） Because he often fights with other persons. （ D） Because he doesnt study hard. （ A） Because he likes living alone. （ B） Because his house is far from his parents ho

36、use. （ C） Because he is busy with his business. （ D） Because he always quarrels with his parents. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you he

37、ar a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） A wide variety of guide dogs. （ B） The training of guide dogs. （ C） The selection of guide dogs. （ D） Ways to work with guide dogs. （ A） Dogs chosen for guiding the blind must be intelligent and patient.

38、（ B） Some kinds of dogs are born to be guide dogs. （ C） At the age of two guide dogs begin a five-month intensive course. （ D） Most blind people could find the guide dogs helpful. （ A） Teaching the guide dogs to watch traffic and safely cross the street. （ B） Placing the guide dogs with their future

39、 owners. （ C） Showing the guide dogs how to avoid dangerous situations. （ D） Educating the guide dogs to obey any command of their owner. （ A） Walking under a tree. （ B） Hiding from the storm under a tree. （ C） Sitting on the ground under a tree. （ D） Running from under a tree to home. （ A） He felt

40、nervous. （ B） He felt his roam changed. （ C） He felt his face half in water. （ D） He felt he was trembling. （ A） Doctors believe that Edwards was never really blind or deaf. （ B） Edwards saw something after he was struck. （ C） Edwards lost his sight in a car accident. （ D） Edwards was unconscious fo

41、r twenty minutes after he was struck. （ A） To live in a different university. （ B） To take a particular course in a different university. （ C） To live at home and drive to classes. （ D） To get two degrees from two different universities. （ A） Their academic performance will affect their future caree

42、rs. （ B） They are involved in student affairs. （ C） They have to observe university discipline. （ D） They want to run for position of authority. （ A） They hate the constant pressure and strain of their study. （ B） They will be able to stay longer in the university. （ C） Such positions help them get

43、better jobs. （ D） Such positions are usually well paid. （ A） To deal with the academic affairs of the university. （ B） To ensure that the students observe university regulations. （ C） To evaluate students performance. （ D） To keep up the students enthusiasm for social activities. Section C Direction

44、s: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard

45、. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 For Americans, time is money. They say, “You only get so much time in this life; youd better use it wisely.“ The 【 B1

46、】 _ will not be better than the past or present, as Americans are 【 B2】 _ to see things, unless people use their time for constructive activities. Thus, Americans 【 B3】 _a “well-organized“ person, one who has a written list of things to do and a 【 B4】 _for doing them. The ideal person is punctual an

47、d is 【 B5】 _of other peoples time. They do not 【 B6】_peoples time with conversation or other activity that has no 【 B7】_beneficial outcome. The American attitude toward time is not 【 B8】_shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They are more likely to 【 B9】_. One of the more difficult things many

48、 students must adjust to in the States is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely everyday. In this context, 【 B10】 _. McDonalds, KFC, and other fast food establishments are successful in a country where many people want to spend the least amount of time preparing and ea

49、ting meals. As McDonalds restaurants spread around the world, 【 B11】 _, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passa