[外语类试卷]大学英语四级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷110及答案与解析.doc
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1、大学英语四级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷 110及答案与解析 Section A 0 Small dogs generally live longer than big dogs. But body size isnt the only factor that determines how long dogs survive. Personality【 C1】 _life span, too, according to a new study that might help explain how animal dispositions evolve. Research on animals fr
2、om ants to apes has found that different individuals have different personalities. Some are timid, others【 C2】 _. Biologists have proposed that【 C3】 _evolved along with life history. Bold, aggressive animals use a lot of energy fast in【 C4】 _short lives, the thinking goes, whereas【 C5】 _animals last
3、 longer, saving themselves to reproduce later in life. Biologist Vincent Careau used the dogs to do the experiment. Careau【 C6】 _data from previous studies on various breeds energy expenditure and longevity. After factoring out body size, Careau tested for【 C7】 _with activity, obedience, and aggress
4、iveness. More obedient dogs like German shepherds and bichon frises(比熊犬 )live long for their size, he【 C8】 _in the June issue of The American Naturalist. Hard-to-train dogs like beagles(比格犬 )and Pomeranians generally die earlier than do other similarly sized breeds. Careau found a similar relationsh
5、ip for energy expenditure. Peaceful dogs like Newfoundlands and Labradors【 C9】 _to burn less energy per kilogram than do aggressive dogs like fox terriers and Great Danes. Presumably, the people who created these breeds were selecting dogs based on personality, not on how much they ate or how【 C10】
6、_they lived, says Careau. So he thinks that personality and metabolic demands are somehow genetically linked. A)activity F)correlations K)relatively B)aggressive G)genetically L)reveals C)calmer H)influences M)size D)characters I)long N)strong E)collected J)produce O)tend 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【
7、 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 10 Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is pristine(干净的 )and cool. Fox Point is a spanking new 47-unit【 C1】 _building in the South Bronx, one of the citys poorest pockets. Two-thirds of its residents are formerly homeless people
8、, whose【 C2】 _is paid by the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development. The【 C3】 _are low-income families. The boiler room houses a microturbine(微型燃气轮机 )system, which【 C4】 _energy for electricity and heat. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the atmosphere, reducing carbon【 C5】_
9、while also cutting costs. Fox Point is operated by Palladia, a non-profit group that specialises in providing housing and services to【 C6】 _people. Palladia received financial support and technical expertise from Enterprise Community Partners, which helps build affordable housing by -【 C7】 _finance
10、to community and housing developers. Enterprise believes “green“ and “affordable“ are one and the same. It has created a national framework for healthy, efficient,【 C8】 _clever and affordable homes which it calls the Green Communities Criteria. These criteria include water conservation, energy effic
11、iency and the use of green building materials. The criteria are aligned with LEED, a green rating system. Meeting the criteria【 C9】 _housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by【 C10】 _running costs. Even the positioning of a window to optimize daylight can help save energy. These
12、 sound ideas are spreading. A)absorption F)gain K)providing B)economically G)generates Drent C)emissions H)increases M)residential D)environmentally I)lower N)rest E)financial J)needy O)upper 11 【 C1】 12 【 C2】 13 【 C3】 14 【 C4】 15 【 C5】 16 【 C6】 17 【 C7】 18 【 C8】 19 【 C9】 20 【 C10】 20 Could a plant
13、virus have found a way to infect humans? It has always been assumed that plant viruses cannot infect animals, and vice versa, but plant viruses are known to be【 C1】 _in human faeces(粪便 ). Now Didier Raoult at the University of the Mediterranean in Marseille, France, and his team think a pepper virus
14、 is making people【 C2】 _, too. They have found RNA from the pepper mild mottle virus in the faeces of 7 percent of the 304 adults they tested. Those with the virus were more【 C3】 _to report fever, abdominal pain and itching(痒 )than those without it, his team found. Not everyone is convinced, however
15、. Because Raoult looked at many possible【 C4】_, he would be expected to find a few that randomly【 C5】 _more common in virus-positive people, says Robert Garry, a virologist at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. Moreover, in order to enter a cell and replicate, a virus must bind to a recept
16、or on its surface, and a plant virus would be highly unlikely to【 C6】 _a receptor on a human cell, says Garry. One possibility, Raoult says, is that the virus does not infect human cells【 C7】_. Instead, the naked viral RNA may alter the【 C8】 _of the cells through a mechanism similar to RNA interfere
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