[外语类试卷]大学英语六级模拟试卷652及答案与解析.doc

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1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 652及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 假如你是李静，你想向校长申请参加 西部大开发，你要给校长写一封信，信的内容包括： 1. 表达自已想要参加西部大开发的愿望； 2. 简要说明自己的理由。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the que

2、stions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Part Reading Comp

3、rehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with th

4、e information given in the passage. Earth Will Survive Global Warming, But Will We? The notion that human activity, or the activity of any organism, can affect Earth on a planetary scale is still a hard one for many people to swallow. And it is this kind of disbelief that fuels much of the public sk

5、epticism surrounding global warming. A poll conducted last summer by the Pew Research Center found that only 41 percent of Americans believe the burning of fossil fuels causes global warming. But in a meeting this week in Paris, officials from 113 nations have agreed that a highly anticipated intern

6、ational report will state that global warming was “very likely“ caused by human activity. The idea that biology can alter the planet in broad and dramatic ways is widely accepted among scientists, and they point to several precedents throughout the history of life. The mighty microbes Human-caused g

7、lobal warming-also called “anthropogenic“ global warming-is the latest example of life altering Earth, but it is not the most dramatic. That title probably goes to the oxygenation of Earths early atmosphere by ancient microbes as they began to harness the power of sunlight through photosynthesis(光合作

8、用 ). Humans “are having a strong effect on global geochemical cycles, but it does not compare at all to the advent of oxygenic photosynthesis,“ said Katrina Edwards, a geo-microbiologist at the University of Southern California (USC). “That was a catastrophic environmental change that occurred befor

9、e 2.2 billion years ago which wreaked its full wrath on the Earth system.“ Edwards studies another way life impacts the planet in largely unseen ways. She focuses on how microbes living on the dark ocean floor transform minerals through a kind of underwater power. “These microbes are completely off

10、radar in terms of global biogeochemical cycles,“ Edwards told Live-Science.“ We dont consider them as part of the Earth system right now in our calculation about whats going on, and we dont consider them in terms of how the Earth system will move forward into the future.“ These reactions are strongl

11、y influenced by life and have been occurring for billions of years, for as long as the oceans have been oxygenated and there have been microbes inhabiting the seafloor, Edwards said. Creating Earth On land, microbes, and in particular a form of bacteria called cyanobacteria (固氮蓝藻 ), help keep soil i

12、n place and suppress dust. “Wed certainly have more dust storms and it would not be anywhere as nice on Earth if they werent around,“ said Jayne Belnap, a researcher with the United States Geological Survey. Scientists believe the tiny life-forms performed the same roles on early Earth. “One of the

13、big problems for geologists is that, OK, you have this big ball of rock, the soil is weathering out and you have these ferocious winds. What in the world is holding the soil in place as it weathers out of the rocks?“ Belnap said in a telephone interview. “Cyanobacteria are also credited with that fu

14、nction.“ The microbes anchored soil to the ground; this created habitats for land plants to evolve and eventually for us to evolve. “They literally created Earth in a sense,“ Belnap said. “Cyanobacteria are just like it,“ she continued. “Ive been telling everybody to make a small altar and offer sac

15、rifices every night. We owe them everything.“ A snowball planet The mighty microbes also triggered sudden climatic shifts similar to what humans are doing now. Recent studies suggest that the proliferation of cyanobacteria 2.3 billion years ago led to a sudden ice age and the creation of a “Snowball

16、 Earth.“ As they carry out photosynthesis, cyanobacteria break apart water and release oxygen as a waste product. Oxygen is one of the most reactive elements around, and its release into the atmosphere in large amounts destroyed methane (沼气 ),a greenhouse gas that absorbed the suns energy and helped

17、 keep our planet warm. Some scientists think the disappearance of this methane blanket plunged the planet into a cold spell so severe that Earths equator was covered by a mile-thick layer of ice. Earth might still be frozen today if not for the appearance of new life forms. As organisms evolved, man

18、y developed the ability to breathe oxygen. In the process, they exhaled another greenhouse gas, Carbon dioxide, which eventually ice-out the world. That was the first biologically triggered ice age, but others followed, said Richard Kopp, a Caltech researcher who helped piece together the Snowball E

19、arth scenario. A new leaf When trees first appeared about 380 million years ago, they also disturbed Earths atmospheric balance. Unlike animals, plants breathe in carbon dioxide and expel oxygen. Trees transform some of that atmospheric carbon into lignin (木质素 )-the major constituent of wood and one

20、 of the most abundant proteins on the planet. Lignin is resistant to decay, so when a tree dies, much of its carbon becomes buried instead of released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Less carbon dioxide in the atmosphere thins the blanket of gases that keeps Earth warm, and that cooling

21、effect can trigger global cooling, possibly even an ice age. “There was some glaciation that started around that period that was driven at least in part by the evolution of land plants,“ Kopp said in a telephone interview. Trees also affected the global carbon cycle in another indirect way. As they

22、tunnel through the ground, tree roots break down silicate rocks into sediment and soil. Silicate rock contains large amounts of calcium and magnesium (镁 ). When these elements are exposed to air, they react with atmospheric carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate (碳酸盐 ) and magnesium carbonate, com

23、pounds that are widespread on Earth. The human difference Though it might seem as if humans are mere fleas along for a ride on the back of an immense animal called Earth, our intelligence, technology and sheer numbers mean our species packs a punch that can shake the world in wild ways. While we are

24、 not the first species to drastically alter our planet, our influence is unique in a number of ways, scientists say. For one thing, humans have developed large-scale industry, said Spencer Weart, a science historian at the American Institute of Physics. “We are capable of mobilizing things beyond ou

25、r own biology,“ Weart said. “I emit a certain amount of carbon dioxide, but my automobile emits far more.“ Another is the rate at which humans are warming Earth. “Humans are the most common large animal to ever walk the planet,“ said Kirk Johnson, a chief curator at the Denver Museum of Nature priva

26、te individuals did not emerge as significant museum patrons before the 19th century. Until a generation ago, those wanting to leave their mark in bricks usually did so in a room of their own in a state museum: the Duveen Galleries at Tate Britain, the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Gallery at New Yorks Mu

27、seum of Modern Art. But in the past 15 years, that has changed: worldwide, collectors seek immortality in glass and steel, through a museum of their own, designed by an architect of their choosing. These are not latter-day Henry Tates or Pavel Tretyakovs, democratic visionaries who paid for building

28、s and donated core collections to kick-start evolving national, state-run institutions. Museum builders of the 1990s and 2000s, by contrast, are products of late capitalism, dedicated to more personal projects, with an individualistic flavor. They represent the legacy of Thatcher-Reagan words of cho

29、ice, private philanthropy (慈善机构 ), me-generation celebrity. Together, these and scores more bring diversity and flatten old geographical hierarchies. In Istanbul, collector Sakip Sabancis museum, founded in 2002, is the first ever to show western modernism in Turkey. Thanks to Dominique de Menil, th

30、e greatest collection of paintings by Cy Twombly, who lives in Italy, is on permanent show in Houston, Texas, in a gallery designed in 1995 by Renzo Piano. In 1996 the late collector and dealer Heinz Berggruen launched his Museum Berggruen in Berlin, giving Germany its only Picasso collection. Is al

31、l for the best in the best of all possible worlds? Certainly, more private museums mean more art on display for more people to see. Todays collectors are reluctant to bequeath (把 赠送给 ) to established museums, where space shortages mean works may go straight into storerooms and stay there. By contras

32、t, a dedicated museum maintains the integrity of a collection and keeps together outstanding groups of works. Renzo Pianos light, see-through 1997 construction for Ernst Beyelers cherry-picked modernist paintings in Basel is the shining European example. For contemporary work, private collectors hav

33、e particular advantages: free of state bureaucracy, they can respond quickly to the fast pace, and show work in ways that are too radical for traditional museums. 63 How did the Louvre, Hermitage and Prado museums originate according to the passage? （ A） From donations of the richest collectors. （ B

34、） From patronage of private individuals. （ C） From collections of connoisseurs. （ D） From encouragements and approval by rulers. 64 What can we learn about museums of the 1990s and 2000s? （ A） They were characterized by democratic visions. （ B） They were designed by architects designated by collecto

35、rs. （ C） They were built to express individualism and egoism. （ D） They were built to promote Thatcher-Reagan aspirations. 65 What are the examples of Sakip Sabancis museum and Dominique de Menil for? （ A） To prove how private collectors enrich arts collection and flatten geographical hierarchies. （

36、 B） To show the symbolism of the private museums and the aesthetic transformation of a nation. （ C） To explain the fact that the rush of private museums is threatening the art landscape. （ D） To exemplify the crisis of shrinking art resources and growing demand nowadays. 66 Why are collectors nowada

37、ys unwilling to donate their collections to public museums? （ A） Far more arts collections are presented for public institutions to choose from. （ B） Their collections might not be displayed due to the limited space. （ C） Their collections are inferior in value to those in public institutions. （ D）

38、They have fun showing and enjoying their collections of arts privately. 67 What is the advantage of private collectors over public institutions for contemporary work? （ A） They can choose from a wider array of art works. （ B） They can gain huge financial profit from the works. （ C） They can concentr

39、ate on the important works. （ D） They can choose radical ways of displaying. 三、 Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. 67 Why work?【 C1】

40、 _ you have periodically asked yourself the same question, perhaps focused on【 C2】 _ you have to work. Selfinterest in its broadest【 C3】_ including the interests of family and friends, is a basic【 C4】 _ for work in all societies. But self-interest can【 C5】 _ more than providing for subsistence or【 C

41、6】 _ wealth. For instance, among the Maori, a Polynesian people of the South Pacific, a desire for approval, a sense of duty, a wish to【 C7】 _ to custom and tradition, a feeling of emulation(竞争 ), and a pleasure in craftsmanship are【 C8】_ reasons for working. Even within the United States, we cannot

42、 understand work as simply a response to【 C9】 _ necessity. Studies show that the vast【 C10】_ of Americans would continue to work even if they inherited enough money to live comfortably. When people work, they gain a【 C11】 _ place in society. The fact that they receive pay for their work indicates th

43、at【 C12】 _ they do is needed by other people and that they are a necessary part of the social【 C13】 _ . Work is also a major social mechanism for【 C14】 _ people in the larger social structure and【 C15】 _ providing them with identities. In the United States, it is a blunt and【 C16】 _ public fact that

44、 to do nothing is to be nothing and to do little is to be little. Work is commonly seen as the measure of an individual. Sociologist Melvin L. Kohn and his associates have shown some of the ways work affects our lives.【 C17】 _ , people who engage in selfdirected work come to【 C18】 _ self-direction m

45、ore highly, to be more open to new ideas and to be less authoritarian in their relationships with others.【 C19】 _ , they develop self-conceptions consistent with these values, and as parents they pass these characteristics on to their children. Our work, then, is an important【 C20】 _ experience that

46、 influences who and what we are. 68 【 C1】 （ A） Unpredictably （ B） Undoubtedly （ C） Unfortunately （ D） unconsciously 69 【 C2】 （ A） whether （ B） why （ C） when （ D） how 70 【 C3】 （ A） sense （ B） definition （ C） meaning （ D） way 71 【 C4】 （ A） reason （ B） move （ C） principle （ D） stimulus 72 【 C5】 （ A） re

47、late （ B） offer （ C） involve （ D） engage 73 【 C6】 （ A） increasing （ B） collecting （ C） diminishing （ D） accumulating 74 【 C7】 （ A） conform （ B） confirm （ C） confine （ D） confide 75 【 C8】 （ A） another （ B） additional （ C） extra （ D） other 76 【 C9】 （ A） economic （ B） economical （ C） financial （ D） com

48、mercial 77 【 C10】 （ A） priority （ B） majority （ C） seniority （ D） minority 78 【 C11】 （ A） rewarding （ B） contributing （ C） astonishing （ D） interesting 79 【 C12】 （ A） what （ B） that （ C） which （ D） whether 80 【 C13】 （ A） mechanism （ B） construction （ C） fabric （ D） environment 81 【 C14】 （ A） putting

49、 （ B） placing （ C） pushing （ D） involving 82 【 C15】 （ A） in （ B） for （ C） as （ D） at 83 【 C16】 （ A） seriously （ B） definitely （ C） ruthlessly （ D） practically 84 【 C17】 （ A） Consequently （ B） Frequently （ C） Generally （ D） Certainly 85 【 C18】 （ A） evaluate （ B） assess （ C） estimate （ D） value 86 【 C19】 （ A） Thus （ B） Nevertheless （ C） Moreover （ D） However 87 【 C20】 （ A） socializing （ B） modernizing （ C） globalizing （ D） urbanizing 四、 Part VI