[外语类试卷]在职攻硕英语联考（英译汉）模拟试卷1及答案与解析.doc

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1、在职攻硕英语联考（英译汉）模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points) Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. 1 The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana(大麻 ). That is th

2、e claim of psychologists who have found that tapping away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking them for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to 10 points off the users IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence compares unfavorably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smokin

3、g marijuana, according to British researchers, who have labeled the temporary phenomenon of increased stupidity as “infomania“(信息狂躁症 ). Research on sleep deprivation suggests that the IQ drop caused by electronic obsession is equal to a wakeful night. The noticeable drop in IQ is attributed to the c

4、onstant distraction of “always on“ technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand. 2 There

5、 are plenty of so-called energy drinks on the market. Most of them have an attractive color and cool name. But after a careful check you may find that most energy drinks contain high levels of caffeine. These drinks are typically aimed at young people, students, busy people and sports players. Maker

6、s sometimes say their drinks make you better at sports and can keep you awake. But be careful not to drink too much. Caffeine raises your heartbeat. Because of this, the International Olympic Committee has limited their use. The amount of caffeine in most energy drinks is at least as high as in a st

7、rong cup of coffee or strong tea. Research by Australian scientists has found that many teenagers are affected by caffeine. The results of their survey show that 27 per cent of boys aged 812 take in more caffeine than their parents. There are potential health risks linked to energy drinks. Just one

8、can of energy drink can make you nervous, have difficulty sleeping and can even cause heart attacks. Teenagers should be discouraged from consuming drinks with a lot of caffeine in them, an expert from the Australia Nutrition Foundation said. 3 People speak of “push“ and “pull“ factors concerning mi

9、gration. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. It could be difficulty in finding a suitable job, war, or famine. Pull factors are associated with the place of destination. Most often these are economic, like better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. However,

10、the prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may ex

11、cite one person and frighten another. Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes conflict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment problems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs a

12、nd are resented by native people who may have to compete with them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstreams of society in the host country. 4 It would be a mistake to view global information-exchange capabilities merely as the exchange o

13、f courses from country to country or the connecting of a student in a country, say Singapore, to a computer-communicated course from the New School in New York, for instance. A university is also a research institution. Antonio Ruberti, Italys minister of research and former rector of the University

14、 of Rome, proposes “abroad expansion of cooperative research“ as being essential to international economic growth and development. Current ex-peri-ments in “distance education“ suggest new ways of bringing greater excellence into Third World research as well as education. The constant growth and imp

15、rovement of Internet have made it possible for exchange and cooperation among libraries. There is increasing cooperation among libraries, which will generate a satellite library to serve educational institutions all over the world. The “world brain“ would bring the worlds knowledge together in one i

16、nteractive system. 5 Todays policemen in large cities throughout the world rely on modern inventions to help them in their work. In most places motor scooters and police patrol cars have done away with the need to patrol on foot or on horseback. Policemen use telephones, conveniently located through

17、out their districts, to make immediate contact with headquarters. Radio, television, and computers help to speed the work of the modern force. Even boats and helicopters are part of the equipment of metropolitan police departments. New technical inventions are widely used to fight crime and speed th

18、e solution criminal cases. Electronic computers reduce from hours to minutes the time spent in searching for fingerprints. Witnesss descriptions of a criminal are coded and fed into a computer. The machine then sorts through the picture file of known criminals and selects the name and photograph of

19、the most likely suspect. Lie detectors are used to uncover the truth. 在职攻硕英语联考（英译汉）模拟试卷 1答案与解析 一、 Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points) Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. 1 【正确答案】 经常收发短信和电子邮件会降低你的 IQ，损害程度甚至是吸食大麻对智力损害程度的两倍多。 心理学

20、家之所以如此宣称是因为他们发现，人们在使用手机或电脑键盘打字或查询电子信息时，智力会暂时降低 10分。 英国研究人员称，与吸食大麻相比，电子信息对智力的不利影响则大得多。人在吸食大麻时智商会降低 4分。研 究人员将这种暂时变笨的现象称为 “信息狂躁症 ”。 关于剥夺睡眠的研究表明因为痴迷于电子产品而造成的智力衰退相当于一夜失眠。 造成这种智力明显衰退的原因在于，当员工们应该集中精力工作时， “无处不在 ”的科技却总是不断分散他们的注意力。信息狂躁症意味着人们的大脑几乎总要处于一种随时对 “技术 ”作出反应的状态，因而无法将注意力集中在手头的工作上。 【知识模块】 英译汉 2 【正确答案】 市场

21、上所谓的功能饮料琳琅满目，它们大多色彩醒目，名字极酷。不过，再仔细地看看说明，你就会发现大多数功能饮料咖啡因含量都很高。这些功能饮料都将目标人群锁定在年轻人、学生、工作忙碌的人以及运动员等。 有时，生产商宣称其饮品可以使人在从事体育运动时精力更为充沛，并能让人保持清醒的头脑。但务必小心，千万不要过量饮用。 咖啡因会让人心跳加快，为此，国际奥委会已经限制其使用。而大部分功能饮料里咖啡因的含量几乎相当于一杯浓咖啡或浓茶。 澳大利亚科学家的研究表明，咖啡因对许 多孩子造成了影响，研究结果显示，27的 8岁至 12岁的男孩摄入的咖啡因多于其父母。 功能饮料可能会危害健康。比如，喝一罐功能饮料就能让人产

22、生紧张情绪，导致失眠甚至引发心脏病。澳大利亚营养基金会的一位专家指出，青少年不宜饮用咖啡因含量过高的饮料。 【知识模块】 英译汉 3 【正确答案】 人们谈到移民就会想到 “推力 ”和 “拉力 ”这两个因素。 “推力 ”因素主要存在于移民所在国，如所在国发生战争、饥荒或难以找到适合的工作等，均可成为移居的一种推力。 “拉力 ”因素则与所移居国家有关，这些因素最为经 常的是经济因素，如所移居国家拥有更好的就业机会，土地肥沃，适于耕种等，均可成为一种拉力。 然而，备好行囊，迁移到一个新的或许十分陌生的环境，这对于一个单身汉来说似乎饶有兴趣且富有挑战性，而对年龄稍大、拖家带口的男子而言，这一切可能极为

23、艰难。同样地，需要学习一种新的语言和风俗习惯或许会令一个人激动不已，但也会让另一个人惊恐不安。无论人们出于何种理由搬迁，人口的大量迁移都会造成冲突。每一次新的移民潮，美国及其他西方国家都曾遭遇调整问题。新来乍到的移民，往往只能从事一些收人最低的工作，而且还要遭到跟他们竞 争那些工作岗位的本地人的排斥。每一批移民通常都要花上数十年时间才能被所移居国家的主流所接纳。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 如果把全球信息交流的能力仅仅看做是国家之间的课程交流，或是将某国，如新加坡的学生与纽约一家新学校的机辅课程链接而已，那将是错误的。 大学也是研究机构，意大利研究部长及前罗马大学校长 Antoni

24、o Ruberti先生认为“广泛拓宽合作研究 ”对于国际经济增长和发展是不可或缺的。现有的远程教育试验为使第三世界研究和教育更为出色提供了新的途径。因特网的不断发 展与完善，为大学图书馆开展交流与合作提供了条件和可能。图书馆之间的合作与日俱增，从而将使一家服务于全球教育机构的卫星图书馆应运而生。 “世界大脑 ”将把世界上的知识融合进一个相互作用的系统。 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 今天，全球很多大城市的警察都借助现代发明的帮助进行工作。在大多数地方，小摩托车和警察巡逻车已经取代了步行或骑在马背上巡逻的做法。各区便捷的电话网，使警察能及时与总部取得联系；无线电、电视、计算机也有助于加快现代警察的工作；甚至连船只和直升机也成了部分大城市警察部门的 装备。新技术发明广泛运用于打击犯罪，加速案件的侦破。电子计算机将指纹搜索花费的时间由几小时减少到若干分钟。犯罪见证人的描述被编码并输入计算机，计算机将已掌握的罪犯的照片案卷分类，并选出最可疑的罪犯的名字与照片；测谎仪也用来帮助揭露真相。 【知识模块】 英译汉