[外语类试卷]专业英语八级（经济环境类写作）模拟试卷1及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级（经济环境类写作）模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 1 Should governments spend more money in improving roads and highways, or should governments spend more money in improving public transportation (buses, trains, subways)

2、? Why? Use specific reasons and details to write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the l

3、ast part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 2 We have been living in the nuclear age for over half a ce

4、ntury. Since the first atomic bombs were developed, nuclear technology has provided governments with the ability to totally destroy the planet. Yet technology has been put into positive use as an energy source and in certain areas of medicine. Is nuclear technology a danger to life on Earth? What ar

5、e benefits and risks associated with its use? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In th

6、e last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 3 The world is experiencing a dramatic increase in popul

7、ation. This is causing problems not only for poor, undeveloped countries, but also for industrialized and developing countries. Describe some of the problems that overpopulation causes, and suggest at least one possible solution. Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate ti

8、tle for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded

9、for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 4 In many cities and all over the world, there is a serious shortage of water supplies. What are the causes of and solutions to the scarcity of water resource? Write an ess

10、ay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a na

11、tural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 专业英语八级（经济环境类写作）模拟试卷 1答案与解析 一、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the f

12、ollowing topic. 1 【正确答案】 Highways or Public Transportation Should governments spend more money in improving roads and highways or in improving public transportation? There seems to be a difficult problem since many reasons should be involved. However, after carefully pondering, I buttress spending t

13、he money in improving public transportation. The reasons are presented below: There is no denying that improving public transportation will surely alleviate the pollution caused by numerous cars. If a city has not a developed public transportation, the air will be polluted more heavily. What a dirty

14、 environment we will live in! Breathing in the air filled with the flavor of the gasoline, seeing the sky with the dull color will be the title of our daily life. Fortunately, the essence of environment has been realized by an increasingly number of people. To the governments, the protection of envi

15、ronment is especially an undeniable mission. Another reason I agree with is that developed public transportation will decrease the frequency of traffic jams. Perhaps no worse word than “traffic jams“ exists, to the businessmen who believe in “time is money“. Traffic jams not only cost people the tim

16、e and expenses, but also create a bad mood for work. It greatly decreases the efficiency of the whole city. How a city whose avenues are full of traffic jams can develop its economy. Finally, I want to say that improving public transportation provides ways of transportation for most of poor people w

17、ho cannot afford to buy a car. It is known that our citizens are not made of people who have the ability to own a car, only I believe that no matter how advanced our society will be, the public apparatus should never be ignored, because it serves people all over the city. Nevertheless, private trans

18、portation has its own advantages. For instance, it can save a lot of time in some cases, and provide some conveniences for people. But improving roads and highways is advantageous only conditionally. Based in the above discussion, I agree with the opinion that governments should spend money in impro

19、ving public transportation because it can not only protect environment and save time for people, but also create a convenient environment for all the citizens. 【试题解析】 本文以设问句开篇，直截了当，引人瞩目。第一段的最后一句“The reasons are presented below ”暗示了全文的结构，即接下来主体部分将就为何发展公共交通更为重要提出几点理由。作者在论证部分主要采用了说理论证和因果论证的方法 ，逻辑性强，论证充

20、分有力，让人信服。本文的结尾部分是一大亮点。与一般总结性结尾不同，作者先介绍了反方的观点，即修建改善道路的好处；接着马上对此进行反驳，指出修建改善道路所带来的好处是有条件的；最后，作者呼吁政府大力发展公共交通，因为这不仅可以保护环境、节省时间，还可以为所有市民创建便捷的环境。这样的结尾先抑后扬，使整篇文章的内容更为充实，论证更为有力。 【知识模块】 经济环境类 2 【正确答案】 Nuclear Technology: Beneficial or Disastrous? One question that has caused a great deal of controversy over t

21、he years is nuclear technology. Although it offers a number of advantages in world peace and green power, it is also a dangerous technology. Nuclear weapons pose the greatest threat to life. Even the use of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes also carries some serious risks. In this essay, howe

22、ver, I intend to show how the benefits of such technology counterbalance its disadvantages. The opponents of nuclear power generally base their arguments on the danger it presents to the world. There are two main dangers: the risk of nuclear warfare and the nuclear disasters. The danger of nuclear w

23、ar is obvious and if one thinks about Chernobyl, it is easy to understand why people are worried about nuclear power, as it can cause major suffering. There are, however, good reasons for believing that nuclear technology is generally advantageous. The first of these is that there has not been a maj

24、or world conflict since the invention of nuclear weapons. Although nuclear weapons have enlarged the mechanism of war by threatening to kill more people more secretly and more horribly than those of the past, it is generally agreed that such weapons should be the last thing to be thought of as a mea

25、ns to win a war because there would be no winner in any nuclear conflict. If anything goes wrong, the scale of destruction on human lives and civilization is beyond imagination. The nightmare of Hiroshima is a vivid memory, so nuclear weapons hidden in stock somewhere serve to maintain world peace b

26、y theory of counter-attack. The other most significant benefit relates to the environment. Perhaps the greatest danger facing our world today is a combination of global warming and the greenhouse effect. This danger is caused partly by burning fossil fuel, which leads to our polluted atmosphere. Nuc

27、lear power, however, is a much greener alternative which does not have such negative effects. Already power plants have been in operation in a number of countries. These are successful examples to be followed. All in all, although it is true that nuclear weapons pose the greatest threat to life, the

28、 use of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes is really beneficial. In all appearances, the fear of war is overcome by the need for economic development. 【试题解析】 本文作者认为核能的优点抵消了它给人类带来的威胁。这既承认了，核能的危险性，义明确地表明了自己的态度：即核能功大于过。同时，这也显示了作者是在非常理性地思考这一问题。既然功大于过，那么就需要简要地介绍一下核能的 “过 ”，因此，在第二段中，作者用几句话介绍了反对核能者的两大

29、理由，这些危险也是已经被整个社会认可的。针对这两大理由，作者马上提出了核能相应的优点：一是它可以给人以震慑，这样反而维护了 世界和平；二是和平利用核能有利于环境保护。这两点正是对反对者提出的核能给人类带来的两大威胁 (核战争、核污染 )的有力驳斥。综上所述，整篇文章中作者紧扣主题句，先破后立，驳斥时针对性强、有理有据，结构安排合理，很好地完成了题目的要求。 【知识模块】 经济环境类 3 【正确答案】 On Population Explosion The human race has experienced a consistent increase in population since t

30、he beginning of its history. Too many people are added annually to the population of the world. Famine and diseases have done little to offset this steady increase. In this essay, both the results of having more people and solutions to the critical population problem will be studied carefully. In po

31、or countries, it is difficult to provide enough food to feed even the present number of people. In addition, education to limit the number of children per family is not always successful. Poorer countries usually have a lot of unemployment too, and an increase in population simply makes the situatio

32、n worse. In rich, industrialized and developing countries, it is very difficult for governments to provide effective public services in overcrowded cities. Moreover, there is usually a great deal of crime, which is often due to high rates of unemployment. Further large increase in population only ca

33、uses more overcrowding, unemployment and crime. Besides, overpopulation is the major reason for water, soil and air pollution. It is also often the cause of starvation and even wars. In my opinion, there are two main weapons to fight against the population problem. The most important weapon we have

34、to fight population growth is education. This should start at a very early age, i.e. before children even go to school. TV cartoons and childrens programs can be used to educate the very young. At high school level, students can be taught about the problem more directly. At university level, scholar

35、ships should be made available to students who wish to study further in this field. International exchange groups may also help to increase awareness. The second weapon is birth control, every woman who is pregnant, but who does not want to give birth, should be allowed by law to have an abortion. I

36、n China, couples are penalized financially if they have more than one child. This may seem cruel, but the “one-child policy“ is beginning to have an effect in the worlds most populous nation. Eventually, similar policies might also be necessary in other crowded nations such as India, for example. Th

37、e worlds population may reach 8.7 billion in 2033. If the population explosion continues, many more people will die of starvation in poor countries, and life in the cities, even in affluent5 nations, will become increasingly difficult. Facing such a serious situation, we must make every effort to fi

38、nd a way out so as to save the mankind and save the world. 【试题解析】 本文结构清晰，语言言简意赅。第一段提出人口爆炸这一社会现状，由此引出主题句。在接下来的两段中，作者详细分析了人口爆炸所带来的问题，值得注意的是，作者按照地域将这部分内容分为两类：贫穷国家和富裕国家，并分别展开讨论，这显然是考虑到人口爆炸这一问题在贫穷国家和富裕国家所产生的后果是不同的，这一分类使得全文的论述更为细致有序。从篇幅可以看出，作者将重点放在了提出建议这部分。作者一共提出两条建议：教育和控制出生人口。在教育方面，作者又将其细分为小学阶段、高中阶段、大学阶段

39、以及国际交流层面； 在控制出生人口方面，作者主要举了在中国实行计划生育的例子。可见，分类论证和举例论证是本文所采用的两大论证方式，尤其是分类论证，在考生的作文中并不多见，是本文的一大特色。 【知识模块】 经济环境类 4 【正确答案】 On Water Scarcity Water, as one of the most important natural resources, is facing serious scarcity. A recent survey conducted by Greenpeace revealed that over two thirds of the natio

40、ns in the world were afflicted with severe water shortage. Hence, it is essential that we ascertain the causes of this phenomenon and identify the effective solutions. A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following might be the critical ones. First of all, it is generally argua

41、ble that the population explosion is the root cause of the crisis. To illustrate, over the past half a century, the world population has more than doubled and this growth rate shows no sign of slowing down. Therefore, household and industrial use of water has been shooting up since the end of World

42、War II. Further, water resource is polluted by the industrial wastes produced by factories and companies. For instance, currently, a vast number of factories dump their wastes into rivers and lakes, which seriously undermines the worlds ecosystem. Finally, the shortage of fresh water can also be att

43、ributed to the lower efficiency in water utilization. Some developing countries still use the primitive irrigation system, which is believed to waste at least 70% fresh water. In most cities in China, fresh water is used to flush lavatories. Moreover, most citizens use a wash-machine, which consumes

44、 a larger volume of fresh water. In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. Firstly, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to protect water resource. Secondly, national infrastructure has to be improved. For exa

45、mple, new dams should be built and new technology should be invented to save water scientifically. Thirdly, man must do his utmost to find alternative sources of fresh water. Research has proved that we can transform seawater into drinking water with the help of modern technology. Last but not the l

46、east, governments in all countries should give priority to the controlling of the staggering increase of the population. It is necessary that other nations learn from Chinas success in curbing its population surge over the past three decades. Above all, we should not forget the importance of water o

47、r waste it unnecessarily. Any kind of drought is always a reminder that we should never take our water for granted and that every drop counts. Therefore, we should take effective steps, including birth control, promotion of sustainable development, and research about new water resource, to alleviate

48、 this modern-day scourge. 【试题解析】 语言是本文的一大亮点，作者用词准确、语言表达地道、句式丰富多变。在结构安排上，作者严格遵循了问题解决型文章的基本结构，既统领全文，又暗含了主体部分的主要内容：即先分析原因，再提出有效方法。在两段主体段落中，作者主要采用了分类论证和举例论证的方法，尤其在分析 原因部分，作者将缺水的原因大致分为三类，即人口爆炸、水污染、水资源浪费，并辅以恰当的例证，逻辑性强。此外，作者大量使用连词，如： first of all， further， finally等等，这些连词很好地将全文的内容连接在了一起。在结尾部分，作者向大家发起节水的号召，并总结了上文提出的解决方法。全文结构完整、论述方式多样、很有说服力。 【知识模块】 经济环境类