[外语类试卷]专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷263及答案与解析.doc
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1、专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷 263及答案与解析 一、 PART III LANGUAGE USAGE 0 There are a growing number of language immersion schools in the United States, including one that was founded in Columbia called La Petite Ecole, which teaches children French as a second language at an age when childrens brains are the most comp
2、liant. Statistics, however, show that language instruction in regular schools is actually decreasing, and relatively few Americans know the second language. Scholars have spent years studying why【 S1】 _ Americans seem to regard the importance of learning languages.【 S2】 _ While they have developed t
3、heories and posited potential solutions to, the future of language learning in the United States remains【 S3】 _ hazy. Since 1997, the percentage of elementary and middle schools that offer foreign language courses has dropped significantly, from 31 percent to 25 percent at the elementary level and f
4、rom 75 percent to 58 percent at the middle school level. However, the decline in elementary schools appeared primarily in public schools, as private elementary schools teaching foreign【 S4】 _ language remained roughly same at 51 percent. The percentage of【 S5】 _ high schools teaching foreign languag
5、e have remained at about 91【 S6】 _ percent. This information comes from a nationwide survey of public and private schools conducting in 2008 by the Center for Applied【 S7】 _ Linguistics in Washington, D. C. Meanwhile, the number of language immersion schools designed to teach a second language to En
6、glish-speaking children and young adults has actually increased. Since 1962, 367 two-way immersion programs schools that pair native English speakers with these who【 S8】 _ speak another native language developed in 28 states, including【 S9】 _ Washington, D. C. And, as in 2007, 263 total and partial【
7、 S10】 _ immersion schools have been established. 1 【 S1】 2 【 S2】 3 【 S3】 4 【 S4】 5 【 S5】 6 【 S6】 7 【 S7】 8 【 S8】 9 【 S9】 10 【 S10】 10 What role does speaking play in second language acquisition? It has no direct role, since language is acquired by comprehensible input, but in fact someone who is not
8、 able to speak for physical【 S1】 _ reasons can still acquire the full ability to understand language. However, speaking does indirectly help in two ways: speaking produces conversation, which produces comprehensible input, and your speaking allows native speakers to judge what level you are at and t
9、hen adjust their speaking downward you, providing you input【 S2】 _ that is more easily understood. What kind of input is optimal for acquisition? The best input is comprehensible, which sometimes means that it needs to be slow【 S3】 _ and more carefully articulated, using common vocabulary, more【 S4】
10、 _ slang, and shorter sentences. Optimal input is interesting and / or relevant and allows the acquirer to focus on the meaning of the message and not on the form of the message. Optimal input is not grammatically sequenced, and a grammatical syllabus should not be used in the language classroom, in
11、 a part because all students will【 S5】 _ not be at exactly the same level and because each structure is often only introduced once before moving on to anything else. Finally, optimal input must focus on quantity, although most language teachers have to date seriously overestimated how much【 S6】 _ co
12、mprehensible input is actually needed for the acquirer to progress.【 S7】 _ In addition to receive the right kind of input, students should【 S8】 _ have their affective filter kept low, meaning that classroom stress should be minimized and students “ should not be put on the defensive. “ One result of
13、 this is what students errors should not be【 S9】 _ corrected. Students should be taught how to gain more input from the outside world, including helping them acquire conversational competence, the mean of managing conversation.【 S10】 _ 11 【 S1】 12 【 S2】 13 【 S3】 14 【 S4】 15 【 S5】 16 【 S6】 17 【 S7】 1
14、8 【 S8】 19 【 S9】 20 【 S10】 20 It is now clear that the terminology used by a culture primarily reflects that cultures interests and concerns. For instance , Indians in the Canadas Northwest Territories typically【 S1】 _ have at most 13 terms for different types and conditions of snow,【 S2】 _ and most
15、 non-skiing native Southern Californians use only 2 terms 【 S3】 _ ice and snow. That does not mean that the English language only has 2 terms. Quite the contrary, there are many more English words that refer in different states of frozen water, such as blizzard,【 S4】 _ dusting, flurry, frost, hail,
16、powder, sleet, slush, and snowflake. The point is that these terms are rare if ever used by people living in【 S5】 _ tropical or subtropical regions because they seldom encounter frozen water in any form rather than ice cubes. The distinctions between【 S6】 _ different snow conditions are not relevant
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