[外语类试卷]专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷256及答案与解析.doc
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1、专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷 256及答案与解析 一、 PART III LANGUAGE USAGE 0 While the news seems to highlight the mounting external and internal pressures that are driving language endangerment, not all languages are endanger. Many languages have 【 S1】 _ well-establishing oral and literary traditions and are being used f
2、or a 【 S2】 _ wide variety of functions in society. Many other communities, which have not achieved that status for their languages, are therefore taking 【 S3】 _ steps to preserve the vitality of their languages by finding new ways of using them. Ethnologue records and reports data about these aspect
3、s of language use under the rubric of language development. The term language development can be used in both an individual and a societal sense. It is commonly used among psychologists and educators with inference to the phenomenon of child language 【 S4】 _ acquisition. Charles Ferguson who defined
4、 language development at the 【 S5】 _ societal level as primarily dealing with three areas of concern; graphization, standardization and modernization. These development activities are now generally known as language planning activities, subsumed special within what is called “corpus planning“. More
5、【 S6】 _ broadly, Ethnologue defines language development as follows: Language development is the result of the series of on-going planned actions that language communities take to assure that they can effectively 【 S7】 _ use their languages to achieve their social, cultural, political, economic, and
6、 spiritual goals. As Ferguson proposed, those planned actions most often consist in 【 S8】 _ the development of writing systems, and the elaboration of terminology designed to expand the functions of language in society. Language 【 S9】 _ development activities may also go well within corpus planning
7、and 【 S10】 _ cover a broader range of activities including advocacy. 1 【 S1】 2 【 S2】 3 【 S3】 4 【 S4】 5 【 S5】 6 【 S6】 7 【 S7】 8 【 S8】 9 【 S9】 10 【 S10】 10 For countless times in history, people have explored the relationship between science and classics. The pioneers of the teaching of science imagin
8、ed that its introduction into education would remove the conventional, artificiality, and backward-lookingness which were 【 S1】 _ characteristic of classical studies, but they were gravely disappointed. So, too, in their time the humanists thought that the study of the 【 S2】 _ classical authors in t
9、he original would banish for once the dull pedantry 【 S3】 _ and superstition of mediaeval scholasticism. The professional schoolmaster was the match for both of them, and has almost managed 【 S4】 _ to make the understanding of chemical reactions as dull and as dogmatic an affair as the reading of Vi
10、rgils Aeneid. The chief claim for the use of science in education is that it teaches a child something about the actual universe in which he is living, in making him acquainting with the results of scientific discovery, and at 【 S5】 _ the same time teaches him how to think logical and inductively by
11、 【 S6】 _ studying scientific method. A certain limited success has been reached in the first of these aims, but practically none at all in the second. That 【 S7】 _ privileged members of the community who have been through in a 【 S8】 _ secondary or public school education may be expected to know some
12、thing about the elementary physics and chemistry of a hundred years ago, but they probably know hard more than any bright boy can 【 S9】 _ pick up from an interest in wireless or scientific hobbies out of school hours. As to the learning of scientific method, the whole thing is palpably a farce. Actu
13、ally, for the convenience of teachers and the requirements of the examination system, it is necessary that the pupils not only do not learn scientific method but learn precisely the reverse, that is, to believe exactly that they are told and to reproduce it when asked, whether it 【 S10】 _ seems nons
14、ense to them or not. 11 【 S1】 12 【 S2】 13 【 S3】 14 【 S4】 15 【 S5】 16 【 S6】 17 【 S7】 18 【 S8】 19 【 S9】 20 【 S10】 20 Early anthropologists, following the theory that words determine thought, believed that language and its structure were entirely dependent on the cultural context which they existed. Th
15、is【 S1】 _ was a logical extension of whatever is termed the Standard Social【 S2】 _ Science Model, which views the human mind as an indefinite【 S3】 _ malleable structure capable of absorbing any sort of culture without constraints from genetic or neurological factors. In this vein, anthropologist Ver
16、ne Ray conducted a study in the 1950s, given color samples to different American Indian tribes and【 S4】 _ asking them to give the names of the colors. He concluded that the spectrum we see it as “green“, “yellow“, etc. was an entirely【 S5】 _ arbitrary division, and each culture divided the spectrum
17、separately. According to that hypothesis, the divisions seen between【 S6】 _ colors are a consequence of the language we learn, and do not correspond with divisions in the natural world. A similar hypothesis【 S7】 _ is upheld in the extremely popular meme of Eskimo words for snow common stories vary f
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- 外语类 试卷 专业 英语 改错 模拟 256 答案 解析 DOC
