[外语类试卷]专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷185及答案与解析.doc
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1、专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷 185及答案与解析 一、 PART III LANGUAGE USAGE 0 Learning another language gives the learner the ability to step inside the mind and context of that other culture. With the【 S1】 _ ability to communicate and understand a culture on its own terms, true access into that culture is barred. Why is t
2、his【 S2】 _ important? In the world where nations and peoples are ever more【 S3】 _ dependent upon one another to supply goods and services, solve political disputes, and ensure international security, understanding the other cultures is paramount. Lack of intercultural sensitivity can【 S4】 _ lead to
3、mistrust and misunderstandings, to an ability to cooperate,【 S5】 _ negotiate, and compromise, but perhaps even to military confrontation.【 S6】 _ Intercultural understanding begins with individuals who have language abilities and who can thereby provide ones own nation or community with an insiders v
4、iew into foreign cultures, which can【 S7】 _ understand foreign news sources, and give insights into other perspectives on international situations and current events. For survival in the global community, every nation needs such individuals. A person competent in other languages can bridge the gap b
5、etween cultures, contributing to international diplomacy,【 S8】 _ promote national security and world peace, and successfully engage【 S9】 _ international trade. As globalization and mobility and communications bring the world ever close together, ever more urgent is the need for global【 S10】 _ citize
6、ns to be competent in other languages. 1 【 S1】 2 【 S2】 3 【 S3】 4 【 S4】 5 【 S5】 6 【 S6】 7 【 S7】 8 【 S8】 9 【 S9】 10 【 S10】 10 All social animals communicate with each other, from bees and ants to whales and apes, but only humans have developed a language which is more than a set of prearranged signals
7、. Our speech even differs in a physical way of the communication of other【 S1】 _ animals. It comes from a cortical speech centre which does not respond instinctively, and organises sound and meaning on a【 S2】 _ rational basis. This section of the brain is unique to humans. When and how the special t
8、alent of language developed are impossible to【 S3】 _ say. But it is generally assumed that its evolution must have been a long process. Our ancestors were probably saying a million years【 S4】 _ ago, but with a slower delivery, a smaller vocabulary and above all a simple grammar than we are accustome
9、d to.【 S5】 _ The origins of human language will perhaps remain forever obscurely. By contrast the origin of individual languages has been【 S6】 _ the subject of very precise study over the past two centuries. There are about 5 ,000 languages spoken in the world today(a third of them in Africa), but s
10、cholars group them together into relatively a few families probably less than twenty. Languages are【 S7】 _ linked to each other by sharing words or sounds or grammatical【 S8】 _ constructions. The theory is that the members of each linguistic group have descended one language, a common ancestor. In m
11、any【 S9】 _ cases that original language is judged by the experts to have been spoken in surprisingly recent time as little as a few thousand years【 S10】 _ ago. 11 【 S1】 12 【 S2】 13 【 S3】 14 【 S4】 15 【 S5】 16 【 S6】 17 【 S7】 18 【 S8】 19 【 S9】 20 【 S10】 20 Early anthropologists, following the theory th
12、at words determine thought, believed that language and its structure were entirely dependent on the cultural context which they existed. This【 S1】 _ was a logical extension of whatever is termed the Standard Social【 S2】 _ Science Model, which views the human mind as an indefinite【 S3】 _ malleable st
13、ructure capable of absorbing any sort of culture without constraints from genetic or neurological factors. In this vein, anthropologist Verne Ray conducted a study in the 1950s, given color samples to different American Indian tribes and【 S4】 _ asking them to give the names of the colors. He conclud
14、ed that the spectrum we see it as “green“, “yellow“, etc. was an entirely【 S5】 _ arbitrary division, and each culture divided the spectrum separately. According to that hypothesis, the divisions seen between【 S6】 _ colors are a consequence of the language we learn, and do not correspond with divisio
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