[外语类试卷]专业英语八级模拟试卷795及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 795及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.

2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Question and Answer Choice Order This lecture is a part of a series of lectures on survey designing. We t

3、end to talk about the ways to determine the question and answer choice order, contributing to a successful questionnaire. I . Two Broad Issues A. How the order can encourage people to complete the survey. B. How the order could affect the results of the survey. II . Solutions to the First Issue A. q

4、uestion order listing the questions from easy to difficult can build【 B1】 _【 B1】 _ grouping together questions on the same topic leaving difficult or【 B2】 _questions until near the end【 B2】 _ B. answer choice order using the logical or natural order presenting agree-disagree choices positive to nega

5、tive and excellent to poor scales numeric rating scales:【 B3】 _should mean more agreeing answers【 B3】 _ III. Solutions to the Second Issue A. something【 B4】 _mentioned【 B4】 _ solutions: randomize the order of related questions or separating related questions with unrelated ones B.【 B5】 _【 B5】 _ solu

6、tions: a. use good softwares to list questions in a random order b. ask a short series of【 B6】 _at a point【 B6】 _ c. change the “positive“ answer by【 B7】 _some questions【 B7】 _ C. answer choice order solutions: a. If answer choices have【 B8】 _, use that order.【 B8】 _ b. If questions are about【 B9】 _

7、or recall or with long answer choices, use【 B9】_ software to list them in a random order. IV. Conclusion 【 B10】 _: keep the questionnaire as short as possible【 B10】 _ If a question is not necessary, do not include it. 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】

8、SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now lis

9、ten to the interview. 11 For a nuclear power reactor operator, which of the following statements is CORRECT? （ A） He can get the highest salary of $ 103,000 a year. （ B） He must have a high school diploma in that field. （ C） He needs work for three years at the power station. （ D） He can take an exa

10、m administered by the power plant. 12 According to the interview, what is the personal trainers average pay? （ A） $51,000. （ B） $103,000. （ C） 141000 （ D） 142000 13 Which of the following statements about a pastry chef is INCORRECT? （ A） His salary is gradually raised every year. （ B） He had at leas

11、t 150 hours of training. （ C） His median pay is the highest on the list. （ D） He must have employees working for him. 14 Which of the following topics is discussed during the interview? （ A） An electrician can earn $ 104,000 a year. （ B） An electrician neednt get a license. （ C） Handyman must have a

12、 high school diploma. （ D） Handyman needs rich experience. 15 Which of the following requirements about massage therapist is mentioned? （ A） About 500 hours of training. （ B） An actual associates degree. （ C） A professional qualification certificate. （ D） A set of perfect facilities. SECTION C NEWS

13、BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The attack on the UN building in Nigeria （ A） was a terrible suicide car bomb a

14、ttack. （ B） was done by a right-wing Islamist group. （ C） aroused great fears of security experts. （ D） killed 11 people and injured dozens more. 17 Which of the following statements about South Koreas old address system is CORRECT? （ A） It could be very helpful with a map. （ B） It aimed to keep the

15、 Korean cultural heritage. （ C） It copied the western style of address system. （ D） It marked the address by their dates of appearance. 18 The old address system will be totally abandoned （ A） after the TV commercial has been shown on all TV stations. （ B） when all the streets in the cities are clea

16、rly named. （ C） in two years time after the new one has been employed. （ D） until Japan also agrees to change its system. 19 The fighting between army groups and rebels in Congo （ A） made the cities in the country become very fragile. （ B） caused many people to flee away from home. （ C） mainly took

17、place in the hilly regions. （ D） was due to army troops offensive acts. 20 The political situation in Congo caused （ A） gender-based violence to go up greatly in the country. （ B） the nation to become the rape capital in the world. （ C） many unreported criminal cases nationwide. （ D） more violent co

18、nflicts in the area of North Kivu. 20 Can eating a cheeseburger be considered an act of war? Yes, but only if you understand the delicate and intricate relationship of the many living creatures on Earth. Consider first the place humans occupy in the food chain. We think of ourselves as being on top,

19、 right? We are not, generally speaking, hunted and consumed by other animals and being humans, we like to think were king of the hill, A-number-one. But according to a new study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Homo sapiens are at roughly the same level as pi

20、gs and anchovies. If its any consolation, the report says our species is moving up in the rankingsbut that could be seriously bad news for the planet. Biologists dont really like the term food chain anymore. Chains are linear, while nature is multidimensional, to say the least. Instead they speak of

21、 food webs, often with vast numbers of different trophic levels shared by different organisms, like neighbors in a New York high-rise. The living things that used to occupy the bottom of the food chainalgae and multicellular plantsare now said to inhabit “trophic level 1. “ They are autotrophs, manu

22、facturing their own food through photosynthesis. Trophic level 2 consists of rabbits and other basic herbivores, which get their energy by eating plants. Simple, right? From there, however, the trophic numbers get complicated. Many species subsist on mixed diets of animal and vegetable protein. Take

23、 foxes: If they ate nothing but rabbits, you could call them level 3. Unfortunately, they also eat fruit, so their trophic score might be less than a full 3. At the same time, some animals prey on other predators. You might be tempted to call them “trophic level 4“ and be done with itbut again, take

24、 foxes. Besides eating fruit and herbivores, they also catch and consume level-3 animals like moles and other insectivores. So how do scientists even begin to crunch the foxs trophic numbers? First they need an army of graduate students and a calculator with plenty of decimal places. Field zoologist

25、s are a tough and determined breed. Species by species, they are mapping the global food web, all the way up to the “apex predators“ at trophic level 5(or higher, depending on whos keeping score)tigers, killer whales, and the likewhat everyone once called the top of the food chain. Science had never

26、 settled on a trophic level for humansuntil now. Its not easy to quantify the eating habits of the most diverse, widespread, and omnivorous species of all. But the newly published study, led by fisheries scientist Sylvain Bonhommeau of the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea, attem

27、pts to change that. Using the most recent data from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Bonhommeau and his team have estimated that as of 2009, humanitys worldwide median trophic level was approximately 2.21“closer to a herbivore than a carnivore,“ as Bonhommeau told Nature. “It ch

28、anges the preconception of being top predator. “ The worrisome part is what else they discovered: Our global population is growing more and more carnivorous, and that trend threatens to send us off an environmental precipice. Humanitys meat market has more than quadrupled since 1961, from about 70 m

29、illion tons back then to almost 300 million tons in 2010, according to the FAO. Much of that increase has come from India and China. Those two countries, accounting for about a third of the worlds total population, once relied mostly on rice and vegetables to feed their people. Now their booming eco

30、nomies are enabling them to buy meat, and vast tracts of Amazon rainforest are being clear-cut to satisfy the unprecedented demand for corn and soybeans as animal feed. And thats not all that humanitys appetite for meat is doing to the world. The livestock industry accounts for some 18 percent of gl

31、obal greenhouse gas emissions, according to a 2006 FAO study. Then theres the grain and water it takes to raise cattle. NPR ran the numbers and found that it takes 6.7 pounds of grain and forage and 52.8 gallons of water to produce a single quarter-pound ground-beef pattyhold the pickle, the lettuce

32、 and the bun. And Americans are in no position to wag a finger. Despite the incessant claims on talk shows that theyre eating healthier these days, Americans remain among the most voraciously carnivorous people on the planet, devouring 270. 7 pounds of meat a year per capita. Thats way more than dou

33、ble the world average of 102.5 pounds. Its worth remembering that were all part of the food web. If it were a chain, humans might be able to keep up our predatory ways with impunity. But in a web, what goes around is likely to come around. 21 Nowadays, biologists tend to believe that humans （ A） occ

34、upy the top of the food chain. （ B） inhabit the same level as anchovies. （ C） rank above autotrophs and herbivores. （ D） move up to the trophic level of pigs. 22 Which description is CORRECT about the trophic numbers of different species? （ A） Tigers are at level 5 because they prey on apes. （ B） He

35、rbivores are level-2 animals that feed on plants. （ C） The actual trophic score of foxes might be almost 4. （ D） Insectivores eat multicellular plants and occupy level 2. 23 If our global population becomes more carnivorous, humans will face all the following threats EXCEPT that （ A） large acres of

36、woods will be cut down. （ B） the number of livestock will decrease. （ C） enormous resources will be consumed. （ D） more green house gases will be emitted. 24 The author implies in the tenth paragraph that （ A） Americans cant wag their fingers because carnivorous diet is unhealthy for the bones. （ B）

37、 Americans dont have the right to criticize other nations unhealthy eating habit. （ C） Americans should account for the largest portion of green house gas emission. （ D） Americans prefer to eat meat because they believe that meat has more nutrition. 25 In the last paragraph, “what goes around is lik

38、ely to come around“ means that （ A） animal predators who go away will come back to prey on humans. （ B） different species will be connected in a multidimensional food web. （ C） humans carnivorous eating habit will change back to be herbivorous. （ D） the damages humans do to the planet will bring tro

39、ubles to humans. 25 Complaints and lawsuits cannot solve the problem of overregulation, only ideas can, but for an industry built on ideas for success, Wall Street seems surprisingly short of creativity. Broadly speaking, Wall Street exists for three reasons: 1)to provide a reliable system for the i

40、nterchange of money; 2)to provide financial advice and capital for businesses, and; 3)to generate wealth for investors; and in serving these needs, Wall Street trade performs a valuable function for society. But there is also another reason for its existence, and that is to enrich the banking commun

41、ity itself, and in the case of our biggest banks, much of that wealth comes from the creation, sale, and trading of complex financial instruments called derivatives. The sheer size of the derivatives market, estimated at $ 630 trillion dollars, and its inherent volatility offer opportunities for hug

42、e profit-making, but unfortunately also contain the potential for causing chaos throughout the economy, as we saw in 2008. In that case, subprime mortgage-backed securities and insurance policies on those securities(credit default swaps)combined to form a financial Molotov cocktail, leading to bets

43、being made on the same assets multiple times(thereby worsening the impact of defaults on the underlying mortgages), wiping out many billions of dollars in wealth, and ultimately bringing the entire economy down. In the wake of that disaster, it is not unreasonable for the Commodity Futures Trading C

44、ommission(CFTC)to regulate the derivatives market closely, and to expect U.S. firms to follow roughly the same rules internationally as they do stateside, since cross-border transactions can impact our markets in much the same way that domestic ones do. But now three Wall Street trade groups have fi

45、led a lawsuit against the CFTC over some of these rules, and a bruising battle between Wall Street and the U.S. government seems imminent. Their specific complaint that the CFTC issued new rules without soliciting public input by simply tacking them onto existing ones, has validity, but in trying to

46、 battle overregulation in this manner, Wall Street is making a mistake- especially when there is a better way. It is important for the banking community to recognize two things. First, after the financial crisis, with Dodd-Frank now a reality, and with new asset bubbles forming in our economy again(

47、for example, in the car loans business), it is virtually impossible that the financial arena will escape stricter regulation. Second, the reason that the government has to regulate the markets is because Wall Street has been unable to police itself, with the LIBOR scandal, the London Whale losses at

48、 JPMorgan Chase, and other transgressions belying any lip service that the industry might give to the public. Since Wall Streets primary objection in its lawsuit is that the CFTC issued new rules without public input, it would be better served advancing its own ideas publicly on what those rules sho

49、uld be rather than simply opposing whatever the CFTC does. So far Wall Street has been scathingly critical of Dodd-Frank, the Volcker Rule, and now the CFTCs rules governing international derivatives transactions, but has failed to advance any constructive ideas of its own on how to regulate the financial markets in a way that protects the economy from Wall Street irresponsibility but does not impose an unreasonable burden on the industry.