[外语类试卷]专业英语八级模拟试卷786及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 786及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.

2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Strategies for Writing a Literature Review A literature review discusses published information in a parti

3、cular subject area. If we want to write it well, we should take the following strategies. I . Find a focus reason: not simply list the【 B1】 _, but go into detail around ideas【 B1】_ II . Construct a【 B2】 _【 B2】 _ requirement: a particular perspective about the material III. Consider【 B3】 _【 B3】 _ int

4、roduction: a topic body: the【 B4】 _of sources【 B4】 _ conclusions: the end of the paper IV. Organizing the body A. a【 B5】 _ : materials on sperm whales【 B5】 _ B. three typical methods -chronological method: progression of time disadvantage: no continuity among subjects -by【 B6】 _【 B6】 _ reveal a chan

5、ge in dissection practices by trend have subsections according to eras C.【 B7】 _method; focus on a topic【 B7】 _ an important factor: progression of time more authentic thematic reviews: no chronological order D.【 B8】 _method; focus on the methods【 B8】 _ influence of methodological【 B9】 _:【 B9】 _ 1)t

6、he types of the documents 2)the way of discussing documents E. additional sections current situation history 【 B10】 _【 B10】 _ -questions for further research 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hea

7、r everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to Alans cover story, wha

8、t is the different trait between a boss and most people? （ A） Various temptations. （ B） Huge fortune. （ C） Heavy work. （ D） Psychological risk factors. 12 Which of the following statements about the little quiz is CORRECT? （ A） The place of the quiz need to be fixed. （ B） The purpose is to find out

9、if your boss is a madman. （ C） The only question is if a boss is a superficially charming person. （ D） One of the question is if a boss has a lot of real and helpful friends. 13 Which of the following statements about mental bosses is INCORRECT? （ A） They lack sympathy for their employees. （ B） They

10、 lack close contact with their employees. （ C） They are good at cheating their employees. （ D） They are especially selfish and indifferent. 14 According to the interview, what have been seen in the corporate cases? （ A） Mental bosses are not responsible. （ B） Mental bosses are often scared. （ C） Men

11、tal bosses are always worried. （ D） Mental bosses are all criminals. 15 Which of the following is NOT the interviewees suggestions for dealing with mental bosses? （ A） questioning authority. （ B） avoiding suspicious activities. （ C） evaluating the damage to your life. （ D） partaking useful activitie

12、s. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 According to the new Frontline Health Workers Coalition, trai

13、ning health care workers can （ A） improve the image of non-governmental organizations. （ B） promote the progress of health treats all over the world. （ C） help U.S. medical manufacturers earn much profit. （ D） satisfy the donors need to offer their help to others. 17 What kind of damage has the wild

14、fire already caused? （ A） Local oil tanks exploded due to the fire. （ B） Dozens of houses were burned down. （ C） Thousands of acres of land was burned. （ D） Trees in the forest were greatly destroyed. 18 How does the fire affect the local airport? （ A） The thick smoke of the fire affects the vision.

15、 （ B） The airport is forced to close temporarily. （ C） The helicopters are refueled at the airport. （ D） Airlines have to decide whether to land or not. 19 What is the news item mainly about? （ A） Smooth landing of the rover on Mars. （ B） The stunning instruments on the rover. （ C） New findings abou

16、t the planet Mars. （ D） Scientists hard work on the project. 20 What task should Curiosity fulfilled on its first day? （ A） Collecting rock samples. （ B） Exploring Gale Crater. （ C） Raising its antenna. （ D） Keeping in touch with orbiters. 20 When the American psychologist Wayne Oates died in 1999,

17、The New York Times began his obituary by noting two facts. First, the man had authored an astonishing 57 books. Second and presumably not coincidentally he had coined the word workaholic. Oates invented the now-ubiquitous term in a 1968 essay, in which he confessed that his own addiction to industri

18、ousness had been a disorder similar to substance abuse. Of course, he acknowledged, workaholism is much more socially respectable than drinking a fifth a day more the sort of personality trait that might help someone, say, earn an obit in the paper of record. What, precisely, qualifies someone as a

19、workaholic? Theres still no single accepted medical definition. But psychologists have tried to distinguish people merely devoted to their careers from the true addicts. A seminal 1992 paper on how to measure the condition argued that sufferers work not only compulsively but also with little enjoyme

20、nt. Newer diagnostic tests attempt to single out those who, among other behaviors, binge and then suffer from withdrawal just as someone would with, say, a gambling or cocaine habit. Even as the precise outlines of workaholism remain a bit fuzzy, various studies have tried to identify its physical a

21、nd emotional effects. At the risk of carrying on like a Pfizer ad: research has associated it with sleep problems, weight gain, high blood pressure, anxiety, and depression. Thats to say nothing of its toll on family members. Perhaps unsurprisingly, spouses of workaholics tend to report unhappiness

22、with their marriages. Having a workaholic parent is hardly better. A study of college undergraduates found that children of workaholics scored 72 percent higher on measures of depression than children of alcoholics. They also exhibited more-severe levels of “parentification“ a term family therapists

23、 use for sons and daughters who, as the paper put it, “are parents to their own parents and sacrifice their own needs .to accommodate and care for the emotional needs and pursuits of parents or another family member“. How many people are true workaholics? One recent estimate suggests that about 10 p

24、ercent of U.S. adults might qualify; the proportion is as high as 23 percent among lawyers, doctors, and psychologists. Still more people may be inclined to call themselves workaholics, whether or not they actually are : in 1998, 27 percent of Canadians told the countrys General Social Survey that t

25、hey were workaholics, including 38 percent of those with incomes over $80,000.(Even among those with no income, 22 percent called themselves workaholics! Presumably some were busy homemakers and students.) The condition may well have a certain social cachet; as the psychologist Bryan Robinson once p

26、ut it, work addiction might be “the best-dressed mental health problem“ of them all. In one of the rare economic studies on the subject, researchers found that the educated and affluent were much more likely than lower-income Americans to put off retirement, a possible sign of workaholism in action.

27、 Such delayed retirement certainly gives new meaning to the phrase worked to death. For what its worth, the concept would not raise many eyebrows in Japan, where grueling job hours have long been a norm, and theres a word for death by overwork karoshi. The countrys courts have even recognized it as

28、a basis for wrongful-death suits. 21 All the following statements about Wayne Oates are true EXCEPT （ A） he thought workaholism was not socially respectable. （ B） he had written 57 books. （ C） he brought the term workaholic to the world. （ D） he admitted his own addiction to work. 22 What is the def

29、inition of workaholics given by the seminal 1992 paper? （ A） Those who work willingly and happily. （ B） Those who work hard and happily. （ C） Those who work unwillingly and unhappily. （ D） Those who work hard and unhappily. 23 Which of the following results is NOT related with workaholism? （ A） Slee

30、p disorders. （ B） Weight loss. （ C） Depression and anxiety. （ D） Unhappy marriages. 24 What can be implied from “whether or not they actually are“ in the fourth paragraph? （ A） Nobody is hardworking at all. （ B） Some people are more hardworking than others think. （ C） All the people are not as hardw

31、orking as others think. （ D） Some people prefer to be regarded as hardworking. 25 What is the main idea of this passage? （ A） The reasons why people become workaholics. （ B） The definition and harms of workaholism. （ C） The countries which have the most workaholics. （ D） The methods of not being a w

32、orkaholic. 25 A recent study by German researchers presents the possibility of “carbon farming“ as a less risky alternative to other carbon capture and storage technologies. It suggests that a significant percentage of atmospheric CO2 could potentially be removed by planting millions of acres of a h

33、ardy little shrub known as Jatropha curcas, or the Barbados nut, in dry, coastal areas. But other experts raised doubts about the studys ambitious projections, questioning whether the Barbados nut would be able to grow well in sandy desert soils and absorb the quantity of carbon their models predict

34、. The researchers behind the study say Barbados nut plantations could help to mitigate the local effects of global warming in desert areas, causing a decrease in average temperature and an increase in precipitation. If a large enough portion of the Earth were blanketed with carbon farms, they say, t

35、hese local effects could become global, capturing between 17 and 25 metric tons of CO2 per hectare each year over a 20-year period. The study, published in the journal Earth System Dynamics, states that if 730 million hectares of land an area about three-quarters the size of the United States were d

36、evoted to this method of carbon farming, the current trend of rising atmospheric CO2 levels could be halted. Carbon farms would not compete with food production if they were concentrated in dry coastal areas, the researchers said. In their scenario, oceanside desalination plants, partially powered b

37、y biomass harvested from the plantations themselves, provide a low-emissions irrigation method. The study states that the Barbados nut is uniquely suited to growing in regions inhospitable to other crops. The plant, which produces a nonedible seed that can be used to create biodiesel, is comfortable

38、 growing at temperatures exceeding 100 degrees Fahrenheit. It can also withstand high levels of contamination in the soil, making wastewater another potential source for irrigation. The cost of carbon farming is comparable to the costs associated with other carbon capture and storage technologies, t

39、he study asserts. The researchers calculated that the total cost for a plantation would be between 42 and 63 per ton of carbon, or between about $ 55 and $ 85. The estimated cost of carbon capture technology varies widely, but the nonprofit Center for Climate and Energy Solutions pegs it between $36

40、 and $81, depending on the emissions source. Wulfmeyer stressed that carbon farming could have “fantastic value for the local people“ if international carbon markets pick up, promoting rural development and opening up the possibility of additional agriculture as the soil quality improves around the

41、plantation. In an email, van Noordwijk, chief science adviser for the World Agroforestry Center in Bogor, Indonesia, questioned the growth rate and the atmospheric carbon capture rate hypothesized by the studys authors, calling the estimated carbon price of the plantations a “substantial underestima

42、te.“ “Were not talking about trees that create substantive, high-density woody biomass, but about a plant with a shrubby growth habit and a long track record of deceiving farmers with yield potentials that are not being realized,“ he said. Also, van Noordwijk said, “even with the abundance of water,

43、 the nutrient storage in sandy desert soil is low, and bringing in the nutrient supply to support high growth rates has high energy costs if nitrogenous fertilizer is used.“ He added, “The estimated carbon price of this option already indicates that there are far better opportunities for reducing on

44、going emissions from peatland use and deforestation.“ 26 What do some experts worry about the Barbados nut according to the passage? （ A） Its ability to grow well and absorb carbon. （ B） The high cost and low production. （ C） The high temperature in the surroundings. （ D） Its ability to create biodi

45、esel. 27 According to the researchers behind the study, all of the following will happen EXCEPT （ A） a decrease in temperature. （ B） an increase of rain. （ C） the mitigation of global warming. （ D） the reduction of soil contamination. 28 Which of the following characteristics does NOT belong to the

46、Barbados nut? （ A） High temperature resistant. （ B） The edible seed. （ C） Adaptability to dirty water. （ D） Biological sources of energy. 29 Which of the following statements cannot explain “fantastic value for the local people“? （ A） The soil quality around the carbon farming can be improved. （ B）

47、The rural area can be developed as the carbon markets boom. （ C） There will be more agriculture. （ D） The yield of carbon farming is surprising. 30 What is the attitude of van Noordwijk towards the study? （ A） Interested. （ B） Positive. （ C） Indifferent. （ D） Critical. 30 Eating when youre not hungr

48、y especially high-calorie, high-fat foods may not always rise to the newly broadened clinical definition of an eating disorder. But the behavior that for many Americans is a routine pastime certainly contributes to excess weight gain, with its implications for health. And it is considered “disordere

49、d eating“ by most mental health professionals. A study published Thursday in the journal Science adds to evidence that binge eating and overeating generally may have a biological basis. The new research, conducted on mice, suggests a target in the brain that drug developers should consider in exploring treatments for such disordered eating. Not surprisingly, researchers focused their attention on the hypothalamus, one of the brains most