[外语类试卷]专业英语八级模拟试卷516及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 516 及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture

2、. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Success Personality According to a Gallup survey, a number of qualities are common among successful peop

3、le. Here are five of the most important. 1. Common seine. It refers to the ability to make【 1】 judgements on daily affairs. To some people, the key ability for success is simplifying. Since common sense is not a quality a person is born with, it can be【 2】 . Observation is another way to increase on

4、es【 3】 of common sense. 2. Knowing ones field. On-the-job experience convinced many achievers of the importance of【 4】 knowledge. Successful people always know what they arc doing and continue the learning process. 3.【 5】 . It includes strong【 6】 and the ability to set goals. After having clear goal

5、s for their lives and careers, top achievers persevere until the work is accomplished. 4. General intelligence. This essential quality involves your ability to comprehend difficult concepts quickly and to【 7】 them clearly. General intelligence is not only a(n)【 8】 capacity, but also wide interests a

6、nd a thirst of knowledge. 5. The ability to get things done. High achievers are【 9】 in completing their work. They have organizational ability, good work habits and they are hard-working. Besides the five listed here, there are other factors that influence success: leadership,【 10】 , and luck, etc.

7、If you cultivate these qualities, you might become one of the top achievers in our society. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that

8、follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 In the case that occurred in France in 1981, how many people witnessed it? （ A） One. （ B） Two. （ C） Three. （ D）

9、 Five. 12 The scientist from the French space agency did all the following things except _. （ A） taking further photos （ B） taking soil samples （ C） planting vegetation in the soil （ D） taking samples of vegetation 13 Peter Sturrock thinks that the field of UFO study is in a state of _. （ A） popular

10、ization （ B） pause （ C） development （ D） ignorance and confusion 14 In which countries are there programs of pursuing UFO? （ A） China and USA （ B） Chile and France. （ C） France and Canada. （ D） Egypt and Greece. 15 There have been UFO reports for _. （ A） 15 years （ B） 50 years （ C） six decades （ D）

11、four decades SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 It is_who direct many Cosa Nostras activities in Pa

12、lermo. （ A） Bernardo Provenzano （ B） Antonino Cina （ C） Salvatore Riina （ D） Antonino Rotolo 16 Dr Corell heads a team of some 300 scientists who have spent the past four years investigating the matter in a process known as the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA). The group, drawn from the eight

13、 countries with territories inside the Arctic Circle, has just issued a report called “Impacts of a Warming Arctic“, a lengthy summary of the principal scientific findings. Scientists have long suspected that several factors lead to greater temperature swings at the poles than elsewhere on the plane

14、t. One is albedo (反照率 )-the posh scientific name for how much sunlight is reflected by a planets surface, and how much is reflected. Most of the polar regions are covered in snow and ice, which are much more reflective than soil or ocean. If that snow melts, the exposure of dark earth (which absorbs

15、 heat) acts as a feedback loop that accelerates warming. A second factor that makes the poles special is that the atmosphere is thinner there than at the equator, and so less energy is required to warm it up. A third factor is that less solar energy is lost in evaporation at the frigid poles than in

16、 the steamy tropics. Arctic warming may influence the global climate in several ways. One is that huge amounts of methane, a particularly potent greenhouse gas, are stored in the permafrost of the tundra. Although a thaw would allow forests to invade the tundra, which would tend to ameliorate any gl

17、obal warming that is going on (since trees capture carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas most talked about in the context of climate change), a melting of the permafrost might also lead to a lot of trapped methane being released into the atmosphere, more than offsetting the cooling effects of the new f

18、orests. Another worry is that Arctic warming will influence ocean circulation in ways that are not fully understood. One link in the chain is the salinity of sea water, which is decreasing in the north Atlantic thanks to an increase in glacial meltwaters. Because fresh water and salt water have diff

19、erent densities, this “freshening“ of the ocean could change circulation patterns. The most celebrated risk is to the mid-Atlantic Conveyor Belt, a current which brings warm water from the tropics to north-western Europe, and which is responsible for that regions unusually mild winters. Some of the

20、ACIAs experts are fretting over evidence of reduced density and salinity in waters near the Arctic that could adversely affect this current. The biggest popular worry, though, is that melting Arctic ice could lead to a dramatic rise in sea level. Here, a few caveats are needed. For a start, much of

21、the ice in the Arctic is floating in the sea already. Archimedess principle shows that the melting of this ice will make no immediate difference to the seas level, although it would change its albedo. Second, if land ice, such as that covering Greenland, does melt in large quantities, the process wi

22、ll take centuries. And third, although the experts are indeed worried that global warming might cause the oceans to rise, the main way they believe this will happen is by thermal expansion of the water itself. Nevertheless, there is some cause for nervousness. As the ACIA researchers document, there

23、 are signs that the massive Greenland ice sheet might be melting more rapidly than was thought a few years ago. Cracks in the sheet appear to be allowing melt water to trickle to its base, explains Michael Oppenheimer, a climatologist at Princeton University who was not one of the reports authors. T

24、hat water may act as a lubricant, speeding up the sheets movement into the sea. If the entire sheet melted, the sea might rise by 6-7 metres. While acknowledging that disintegration this century is still an unlikely outcome, Dr Oppenheimer argues that the evidence of the past few years suggests it i

25、s more likely to happen over the next few centuries if the world does not reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. He worries that an accelerating Arctic warming trend may yet push the ice melt beyond an “irreversible on/off switch“. Not everybody wants to hear a story like that. But what people truly

26、believe is happening can be seen in their actions better than in their words. One of the reports most confident predictions is that the break-up of Arctic ice will open the region to long-distance shipping and, ironically, to drilling for oil and gas. It is surely no coincidence, then, that the Dani

27、sh government, which controls Greenland, has just declared its intention to claim the mineral rights under the North Pole. It, at least, clearly believes that the Arctic ocean may soon be ice-free. 17 Which of the following factors may lead to greater temperature changes at the poles than elsewhere

28、on the planet? （ A） The albedo of the poles will be larger if snow melts. （ B） the albedo of snow is larger than that of the exposed dark earth if snow melts. （ C） More energy is needed to warm up the Arctic since the atmosphere there is thinner. （ D） Less solar energy is lost in volatilization at t

29、he poles than at the equator. 18 Which of the following statements about the mid-Atlantic Conveyor Belt is wrong? （ A） The current brings warm water from the tropics to north-western Europe. （ B） It is responsible for the mild winters in the Arctic. （ C） It is caused by the freshening of the ocean:

30、the water in the north Atlantic will lose saltiness because of the different densities. （ D） If the ACIAs experts worry becomes true, climate of the north-western Europe will be influenced. 19 What does the word “caveat“ in line 2, paragraph 5 most probably mean? （ A） A warning. （ B） A qualification

31、. （ C） A explanation. （ D） A formal notice filed by an interested party with a court or officer, requesting the postponement of a proceeding until the filer is heard. 20 What does the author imply in the last paragraph by the sentence “But what people truly believe is happening can be seen in their

32、actions better than in their words“? （ A） Not everybody wants to hear a story like that. （ B） One of the reports most confident predictions is that the break-up of Arctic ice will open the region to long-distance shipping and, ironically, to drilling for oil and gas. （ C） The Danish government, whic

33、h controls Greenland, has just declared its intention to claim the mineral rights under the North Pole. （ D） None of the above. 21 The passage can best be found in _. （ A） an encyclopedia （ B） science fiction （ C） a magazine （ D） a dissertation 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: Ther

34、e are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 22 The Commonwealth of Nations has_member countries now. （ A） 35 （ B） 40 （ C） 53 （ D） 60 23 The political theory underlining the Declaration of Independence came from （ A） Thomas Jefferson （ B） George Washi

35、ngton （ C） British philosopher John Locke （ D） American philosopher John Locke 24 _is one of the best known novels written by Jane Austen. （ A） Jane Eyre （ B） Tess of the DUrbervilles （ C） Pride and Prejudice （ D） Wuthering Heights 25 What is the relationship between the words “color“ and “red“? （ A

36、） Synonymy. （ B） Antonymy. （ C） Polysemy. （ D） Hyponymy. 26 The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in （ A） 1921. （ B） 1931. （ C） 1945. （ D） 1950. 27 _was called the father of English poetry. （ A） Geoffery Chaucer （ B） William Shakespeare （ C） John

37、Milton （ D） John Donne 28 In English Civil War, also called the Puritan Revolution, a famous general _ defeated the king at Naseby in 1645. （ A） Cromwell （ B） Montford （ C） Robert （ D） Richard 29 There are _ words by combining “white“, up, wash mutually. （ A） 1 （ B） 2 （ C） 3 （ D） 4 30 By _ we mean l

38、anguage communication is constrained by neither time nor space. （ A） arbitrariness （ B） displacement （ C） creativity （ D） cultural transmission 31 The natives of the continent of America are the _. （ A） Canadians （ B） Indians （ C） Mexicans （ D） Hispanics 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING and works like an ins

39、urance policy for your own ability.“ Once obtained, specialized knowledge isnt something you should take for granted. The learning process continues even after major peaks have been sealed. “To achieve success, you have to want it“, the vice president explains. “Then, you must work to keep it“. 3. S

40、elf-reliance. Top achievers rely primarily on their own resources and abilities. Seventy-seven percent give themselves an A rating for this quality. Self-reliance is not how you feel or how good you are; rather, its whether you have the quality to take definitive action to get things moving in your

41、life. It includes plain old willpower and the ability to set goals. Two-thirds of the respondents say theyve had clear goals for their lives and careers. And half of those we interviewed give themselves an A in willpower. Among other capabilities, willpower contains the ability to be a serf-starter

42、and to persevere after a project had begun. A respondents says, “The formula for success in my field is not only pride in what I do but also the courage and determination and energy to work the hours required to accomplish the objectives.“ 4. General intelligence. This is essential for outstanding a

43、chievement because it involves your natural ability to comprehend difficult concepts quickly and to analyze them clearly and sharply. At least thats the way our respondents see it - 43 percent said it was a very important ingredient of their success, and the other 52 percent said it was fairly impor

44、tant. Recent studies suggest that many types of intelligence cant be measured with the usual methods, such as IQ tests. Still, it is interesting that our respondents had high IQs with a median score of 140. From our survey, we confirmed - not surprisingly - that the general intelligence of our respo

45、ndents consists of at least three elements besides IQ: an extensive vocabulary, and good reading and writing skills. During the year preceding the survey they read an average of 19 books, including ten nonfiction works. These top achievers arent just talking shout an innate capacity when they speak

46、of intelligence. A finance executive sums it up this way: “An inquiring mind and broad-ranging interests are fundamental to success.“ 5. The ability to get things done. Nearly three-fourths of our high achievers rank themselves “very efficient“ in accomplishing their tasks. And they agree that at le

47、ast three important qualities have helped them to do so: organizational ability, good work habits and diligence. A physics professor summarizes his success formula this way: “Sheer hard, tenacious work, with the ability to place oneself.“ He admits working up to I00 hours a week. Besides the five li

48、sted here, there are other factors that influence success: leadership, creativity, relationships with others, and of course, luck. But common sense, knowing your field, self-reliance, intelligence and the ability to get things done stand out. If you cultivate these qualities, chances are that youll

49、succeed. And you might even find yourself listed in Whos Who someday. 1 【正确答案】 sound/practical 2 【正确答案】 developed/learned/cultivated 3 【正确答案】 store 4 【正确答案】 specialized 5 【正确答案】 serf-reliance 6 【正确答案】 willpower 7 【正确答案】 analyze 8 【正确答案】 innate/inborn 9 【正确答案】 efficient 10 【正确答案】 creativity SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end