[外语类试卷]GRE（VERBAL）模拟试卷46及答案与解析.doc

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1、GRE（ VERBAL）模拟试卷 46及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a wh

2、ole. 1 In her later years, Bertha Pappenheim was an apostle of noble but already (i)_notions, always respected for her integrity, her energy, and her resolve but increasingly out of step and ultimately(ii)_even her own organization. 2 The reception given to Kimuras radical theory of molecular evolut

3、ion shows that when_fights orthodoxy to a draw, then novelty has seized a good chunk of space from convention. 3 The(i)_of Vladimir Nabokov as one of North Americas literary giants has thrown the spotlight on his peripheral activities and has thus served to(ii)_his efforts as an amateur entomologist

4、. 4 Mathematicians have a distinctive sense of beauty: they strive to present their ideas and results in a clear and compelling fashion, dictated by_as well as by logic. 5 Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members of d

5、emocratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents_. 6 The novelist devotes so much time to avid descriptions of his characters clothes that the reader soon feels that such_concerns, although worthy of attention, have superseded any more directly literary aims. 7 Belang

6、er dances with an(i)_that draws ones attention as if by seeking to(ii)_it; through finesse and understatement, he manages to seem at once intensely present and curiously detached.8 The most striking thing about the politician is how often his politics have been (i)_rather than ideological, as he ada

7、pts his political positions at any particular moment to the political realities that constrain him. He does not, however, piously(ii)_political principles only to betray them in practice. Rather, he attempts in subtle ways to balance his political self-interest with a(iii)_, viewing himself as an in

8、strument of some unchanging higher purpose.9 The plan, which the engineers said would save the aquifer by reducing pumping to_levels, has passed a governmental environmental review but faces opposition from outdoor and environmental groups. （ A） innocuous （ B） feasible （ C） practicable （ D） minimal

9、（ E） benign 10 Though feminist in its implications, Yvonne Rainers 1974 film_the filmmakers active involvement in feminist politics. （ A） antedated （ B） cloaked （ C） portrayed （ D） preceded （ E） renewed 11 Congress is having great difficulty developing a consensus on energy policy, primarily because

10、 the policy objectives of various members of Congress rest on such_assumptions. （ A） commonplace （ B） disparate （ C） divergent （ D） fundamental （ E） trite 12 During the operas most famous aria, the tempo chosen by the orchestras conductor seemed_, without necessary relation to what had gone before.

11、（ A） arbitrary （ B） capricious （ C） cautious （ D） compelling （ E） exacting 13 Because they had expected the spacecraft Voyager 2 to be able to gather data only about the planets Jupiter and Saturn, scientists were_the wealth of information it sent back from Neptune twelve years after leaving Earth.

12、（ A） anxious for （ B） confident in （ C） thrilled about （ D） keen on （ E） elated by SECTION 3 Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis o

13、f what is stated or implied in the passage. 13 Fossil bones of the huge herbivorous dinosaurs known as sauropods were first discovered and studied between 1840 and 1880, providing evidence for the gargantuan dimensions of the adults. The shape of sauropod teeth suggested what they ate. But line asid

14、e from trackways, or series of fossilized footprints which established that sauro- 5 pods at least occasionally lived in herds fossils incorporating direct evidence of other behavior, such as reproductive behavior, have been almost nonexistent. Because no modern land animals even approach sauropod s

15、ize, scientists have also lacked a living analogue to use as a guide to possible sauropod behavior. Until the recent discovery of fossilized sauropod nesting grounds, scientists were thus uncertain whether sauropods 10 laid eggs or gave birth to live young. Description The passage outlines what was

16、learned about sauropods after the discovery of their fossilized bones in the nineteenth century, including what has been inferred about their behavior from the fossil record. 14 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage regarding the evidence provided by sauropod teeth? （ A） The teeth

17、allow inferences to be made about sauropod social behavior. （ B） The shape of the teeth indicates that sauropods were herbivorous. （ C） The teeth have no resemblance to those of any modern land animal. 15 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage regarding the recently discovered fossi

18、lized sauropod nesting grounds? （ A） They are among the few fossils incorporating direct evidence of sauropod behavior. （ B） They confirm the evidence provided by trackways about sauropod behavior. （ C） They have forced a reevaluation of theories regarding the nature of sauropod herd behavior. 15 So

19、me researchers contend that sleep plays no role in the consolidation of declarative memory(i.e., memory involving factual information). These researchers note that people with impairments in rapid eye movement(REM)sleep continue to lead normal line lives, and they argue that if sleep were crucial fo

20、r memory, then these individuals 5 would have apparent memory deficits. Yet the same researchers acknowledge that the cognitive capacities of these individuals have never been systematically examined, nor have they been the subject of studies of tasks on which performance reportedly depends on sleep

21、. Even if such studies were done, they could only clarify our understanding of the role of REM sleep, not sleep in general. 10 These researchers also claim that improvements of memory overnight can be explained by the mere passage of time, rather than attributed to sleep. But recent studies of memor

22、y performance after sleep including one demonstrating that sleep stabilizes declarative memories from future interference caused by mental activity during wakefulness make this claim unsustainable. Certainly there are memory- 15 consolidation processes that occur across periods of wakefulness, some

23、of which neither depend on nor are enhanced by sleep. But when sleep is compared with wakefulness, and performance is better after sleep, then some benefit of sleep for memory must be acknowledged. Description The passage presents and then rebuts two arguments made by researchers who question the co

24、ntribution of sleep to the consolidation of declarative memory(memory involving factual information). The first argument is that people with impairments to REM sleep continue to lead normal lives. In response, the passage says that these researchers themselves acknowledge the absence of systematic s

25、tudy of such individuals cognitive abilities, study that would be necessary in order to fully support the researchers claim. The passage also points out that the researchers claim applies only to REM sleep rather than to sleep in general. The second claim is that improvements of memory that occur ov

26、ernight might be explained merely by the passage of time. In response, the passage cites research findings that demonstrate the role of sleep in stabilizing declarative memory. 16 The primary purpose of the passage is to （ A） present the evidence that supports a particular claim regarding REM sleep

27、and memory （ B） describe how various factors contribute to the effect of sleep on memory （ C） argue against a particular position regarding sleeps role in memory （ D） summarize the most prevalent theory regarding sleep and memory （ E） defend the importance of the consolidation of declarative memory

28、17 According to the author of the passage, which of the following generalizations about memory and sleep is true? （ A） There are some memory-consolidation processes that have nothing to do with sleep. （ B） Sleep is more important to the consolidation of declarative memory than to the consolidation o

29、f other types of memory. （ C） REM sleep is more important to memory consolidation than is non-REM sleep. （ D） There are significant variations in the amount of sleep that people require for the successful consolidation of memory. （ E） It is likely that memory is more thoroughly consolidated during w

30、akefulness than during sleep. 18 Which of the following best describes the function of the sentence in lines 14-16(“Certainly. sleep“)? （ A） It provides the reasoning behind a claim about the role of sleep in memory consolidation. （ B） It explains why a previous claim about sleep and memory is unsus

31、tainable. （ C） It demonstrates why wakefulness is central to the process of declarative memory consolidation. （ D） It emphasizes the limited role sleep plays in the process of declarative memory consolidation. （ E） It concedes that the consolidation of declarative memory does not depend entirely on

32、one factor. 19 The importance of the study mentioned in lines 12-14 is that it （ A） reveals the mechanism by which declarative memory is stabilized during sleep （ B） identifies a specific function that sleep plays in the memory-consolidation process （ C） demonstrates that some kinds of mental activi

33、ty can interfere with memory consolidation （ D） suggests that sleep and wakefulness are both important to memory consolidation （ E） explains how the passage of time contributes to memory consolidation 20 Astronomers found a large body orbiting close to the star Upsilon Andromedae. The standard theor

34、y of planet formation holds that no planet that large could be formed so close to a star, leading to the suggestion that the body is a companion star. A subsequent discovery puts that suggestion in doubt: two other large bodies were found orbiting close to Upsilon Andromedae, and the standard theory

35、 of companion stars allows for at most one companion star. 20 Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the status of the orbiting body without casting doubt on the two standard theories mentioned? （ A） The smaller a planet orbiting a star is, and the farther away it is from the star, t

36、he less likely it is to be discovered. （ B） If a planets orbit is disturbed, the planet can be drawn by gravity toward the star it is orbiting. （ C） The largest of the bodies orbiting Upsilon Andromedae is the farthest away from the star, and the smallest is the nearest. （ D） It is likely that there

37、 are many stars, in addition to Upsilon Andromedae and the Sun, that are orbited by more than one smaller body. （ E） In most cases of companion stars, the smaller companion is much fainter than the larger star. 21 In Gilavia, the number of reported workplace injuries has declined 16 percent in the l

38、ast five years. However, perhaps part of the decline results from injuries going unreported: many employers have introduced safety-incentive programs, such as prize drawings for which only employees who have a perfect work-safety record are eligible. Since a workplace injury would disqualify an empl

39、oyee from such programs, some employees might be concealing injury, when it is feasible to do so. 21 Which of the following, if true in Gilavia, most strongly supports the proposed explanation? （ A） In the last five years, there has been no decline in the number of workplace injuries leading to imme

40、diate admission to a hospital emergency room. （ B） Employers generally have to pay financial compensation to employees who suffer work-related injuries. （ C） Many injuries that happen on the job are injuries that would be impossible to conceal and yet would not be severe enough to require any change

41、 to either the employees work schedule or the employees job responsibilities. （ D） A continuing shift in employment patterns has led to a decline in the percentage of the workforce that is employed in the dangerous occupations in which workplace injuries are likely. （ E） Employers who have institute

42、d safety-incentive programs do not in general have a lower proportion of reported workplace injuries among their employees than do employers without such programs. 21 The attribution of early-nineteenth-century English fiction is notoriously problematic. Fewer than half of new novels published in Br

43、itain between 1800 and 1829 had the authors true name printed on the title page. Most of these titles have subsequently line been attributed, either through the authors own acknowledgment of a previously 5 anonymous or pseudonymous work or through bibliographical research. One important tool availab

44、le to researchers is the list of earlier works “by the author“ often found on title pages. But such lists are as likely to create new confusion as they are to solve old problems. Title pages were generally prepared last in the publication process, often without full authorial assent, and in the last

45、-minute rush to press, mistakes were fre- 10 quently made. Description The passage discusses the reasons why identifying the authors of early-nineteenth-century British fiction poses significant challenges. The passage explains that lew authors during this period used their real names and goes on to

46、 describe how title pages can facilitate but also hamper efforts to attribute these works. 22 The passage suggests that which of the following factors contributes to the “notoriously problematic“(line 1)nature of authorial attribution in early-nineteenth-century English fiction? （ A） The unwillingne

47、ss of any writers to acknowledge their authorship of works that were originally published anonymously or pseudonymously （ B） The possibility that the title page of a work may attribute works written by other authors to the author of that work （ C） The possibility that the authors name printed on a t

48、itle page is fictitious 23 The passage suggests that which of the following is frequently true of the title pages of early-nineteenth-century English novels? （ A） The title page was prepared for printing in a hurried manner. （ B） Material on the title page was included without the authors knowledge

49、or approval. （ C） Information on the title page was deliberately falsified to make the novel more marketable. 23 The more definitions a given noun has, the more valuable is each one. Multiple definitions, each subtly different from all the others, convey multiple shades of meaning. They expand the uses of the word; language is enriched, thought is widened, and inter- line pretations increase or dilate to fill the potentialities of association. The very impossi- 5 bility of absoluten