[外语类试卷]2011年专业英语八级真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2011年专业英语八级真题试卷及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture

2、. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Classifications of Cultures According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about

3、 the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures. I . High-context culture A.feature context: more important than the message meaning 【 1】 _ 【 1】 _ i. e. more attention paid to 【 2】 _than 【 2】 _ to the message itself B. examples personal space preference for 【 3】

4、 _ 【 3】 _ less respect for privacy/personal space attention to 【 4】 _ 【 4】 _ concept of time belief in 【 5】 _interpretations of time 【 5】 _ no concern for punctuality no control over time II. Low-context culture A. feature message: separate form context meaning 【 6】 _ 【 6】 _ B. examples personal spa

5、ce desire/respect for individuality/privacy less attention to body language more concern for 【 7】 _ 【 7】 _ attitude toward time concept of time: 【 8】 _ 【 8】 _ dislike of 【 9】 _ 【 9】 _ time seen as commodity III. Conclusion awareness of different cultural assumptions relevance in work and life e.g. b

6、usiness, negotiation, etc. 【 10】 _in successful communication 【 10】 _ SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be gi

7、ven 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to Dr. Harley, what makes language learning more difficult after a certain age? （ A） Declining capacity to learn syntax. （ B） Differences between two languages. （ C） Lack of time available. （ D）

8、Absence of motivation. 12 What does the example of Czech speakers show? （ A） Its natural for language learners to make errors. （ B） Differences between languages cause difficulty. （ C） Difficulty stems from either difference or similarity. （ D） There exist differences between English and Czech. 13 W

9、hich of the following methods does NOT advocate speaking? （ A） The direct method. （ B） The audiolingual method. （ C） The immersion method. （ D） The traditional method. 14 Which hypothesis deals with the role of language knowledge in the learning process? （ A） The acquisition and learning distinction

10、 hypothesis. （ B） The comprehensible input hypothesis. （ C） The monitor hypothesis. （ D） The active filter hypothesis. 15 Which of the following topics is NOT discussed during the interview? （ A） Causes of language learning difficulties. （ B） Pedagogical implementation of second language teaching. （

11、 C） Theoretical conceptualization of second language learning. （ D） Differences between mother tongue and a second language. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news it

12、em, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） The coach starts from London every hour. （ B） Passengers are offered a variety of services. （ C） Greyhound is Britains largest bus and train operator. （ D） Currently Greyhound routes in

13、Britain are limited. 17 What does the news item say about the fires in Greece? （ A） Fires only occurred near the Greek capital. （ B） Fires near the capital were the biggest. （ C） Fires near the capital caused casualties. （ D） Fires near the capital were soon under control. 18 According to the news,

14、what measure did authorities take to fight the fires? （ A） Troops were brought in to help the firefighters. （ B） Residents were asked to vacate their homes. （ C） Air operations and water drops continued overnight. （ D） Another six fire engines joined the firefighting operation. 19 Which of the follo

15、wing is NOT mentioned as a cause of the current decline in the Mexican economy? （ A） Strong ties with the U. S. economy. （ B） Fewer job opportunities in Mexico. （ C） Decline in tourism. （ D） Decline in tax revenues. 20 Drop in remittances from abroad is mainly due to _. （ A） declining oil production

16、 （ B） the outbreak of the H1N1 flu （ C） the declining GDP in Mexico （ D） the economic downturn in the U. S. 20 Whenever we could, Joan and I took refuge in the streets of Gibraltar. The Englishmans home is his castle because he has not much choice. There is nowhere to sit in the streets of England,

17、not even, after twilight, in the public gardens. The climate, very often, does not even permit him to walk outside. Naturally, he stays indoors and creates a cocoon of comfort. That was the way we lived in Leeds. These southern people, on the other hand, look outwards. The Gibraltarian home is, typi

18、cally, a small and crowded apartment up several flights of dark and dirty stairs. In it, one, two or even three old people share a few ill-lit rooms with the young family. Once he has eaten, changed his clothes, embraced his wife, kissed his children and his parents, there is nothing to keep the sou

19、thern man at home. He hurries out, taking even his breakfast coffee at his local bar. He comes home late for his afternoon meal after an appetitive hour at his cafe. He sleeps for an hour, dresses, goes out again and stays out until late at night. His wife does not miss him, for she is out, tooat th

20、e market in the morning and in the afternoon sitting with other mothers, baby-minding in the sun. The usual Gibraltarian home has no sitting-room, living-room or lounge. The parlour of our working-class houses “would be an intolerable -waste of space. Easy-chairs, sofas and such-like furniture are u

21、nknown. There are no bookshelves, because there are no books. Talking and drinking, as well as eating, are done on hard chairs round the dining-table, between a sideboard decorated with the best glasses and an inevitable display cabinet full of family treasures, photographs and souvenirs. The elabor

22、ate chandelier over this table proclaims it as the hub of the household and of the family. Hearth and home makes very little sense in Gibraltaf. Ones home is ones town or village, and ones hearth is the sunshine. Our northern towns are dormitories with cubicles, by comparison. When we congregate in

23、the churches it used to be, now in the cinema, say, impersonally, or at public meetings, formallywe are scarcely ever man to man. Only in our pubs can you find the truly gregarious and communal spirit surviving, and in England even the pubs are divided along class lines. Along this Mediterranean coa

24、st, home is only a refuge and a retreat. The people live together in the open airin the street, market-place. Down here, there is a far stronger feeling of community than we had ever known. In crowded and circumscribed Gibraltar, with its complicated inter-marriages, its identity of interests, its s

25、urviving sense of siege, one can see and feel an integrated society. To live in a tiny town with all the organization of a state, with Viceroy (总督 ), Premier, Parliament, Press and Pentagon, all in miniature, all within arms reach, is an intensive course in civics. In such an environment, nothing ca

26、n be hidden, for better or for worse. Ones successes are seen and recognized; ones failures are immediately exposed. Social consciousness is at its strongest, with the result that there is a constant and firm pressure towards good social behaviour, towards courtesy and kindness. Gibraltar, with all

27、its faults, is the friendliest and most tolerant of places. Straight from the cynical anonymity of a big city, we luxuriated in its happy personalism. We look back on it, like all its exiled sons and daughters, with true affection. 21 Which of the following best explains the differences in ways of l

28、iving between the English and the Gibraltarians? （ A） The family structure. （ B） Religious belief. （ C） The climate. （ D） Bating habit. 22 The italicized part in the third paragraph implies that_. （ A） English working-class homes are similar to Gibraltarian ones （ B） English working-class homes have

29、 spacious sitting-rooms （ C） English working-class homes waste a lot of space （ D） the English working-class parlour is intolerable in Gibraltar 23 We learn from the description of the Gibraltarian home that it is_. （ A） modern （ B） luxurious （ C） stark （ D） simple 24 There is a much stronger sense

30、of_among the Gibraltarians. （ A） togetherness （ B） survival （ C） identity （ D） leisure 25 According to the passage, people in Gibraltar tend to be well-behaved because of the following EXCEPT_. （ A） the entirety of the state structure （ B） constant pressure from the state （ C） the small size of the

31、town （ D） transparency of occurrences 25 For office innovators, the unrealized dream of the “paperless“ office is a classic example of high-tech hubris (傲慢 ). Todays office drone is drowning in more paper than ever before. But after decades of hype, American offices may finally be losing their paper

32、 obsession. The demand for paper used to outstrip the growth of the US economy, but the past two or three years have seen a marked slowdown in salesdespite a healthy economic scene. Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems. Escaping ou

33、r craving for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair. “Old habits are hard to break,“ says Merilyn Dunn, a communications supplies director. “There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesnt work. Those functions are both its strength and its weakness. “ In the e

34、arly to mid-90s, a booming economy and improved desktop printers helped boost paper sales by 6 to 7 percent each year. The convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge in printing anything and everything at very little effort or cost. But now, the growth rate of paper sales in t

35、he United States is flattening by about half a percent each year. Between 2004 and 2005, Ms. Dunn says, plain white office paper will see less than a 4 percent growth rate, despite the strong overall economy. A primary reason for the change, says Dunn, is that for the first time ever, some 47 percen

36、t of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices. “Were finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace,“ says John Maine, vice president of a pulp and paper economic consulting firm. “More information is being

37、transmitted electronically, and more and more people are comfortable with the information residing only in electronic form without printing multiple backups. “ In addition, Mr. Maine points to the lackluster employment market for white-collar workersthe primary driver of office paper consumptionfor

38、the shift in paper usage. The real paradigm shift may be in the way paper is used. Since the advent of advanced and reliable office-network systems, data storage has moved away from paper archives. The secretarial art of “filing“ is disappearing from job descriptions. Much of todays data may never l

39、eave its original digital format. The changing attitudes toward paper have finally caught the attention of paper companies, says Richard Harper, a researcher at Microsoft. “All of a sudden, the paper industry has started thinking. We need to learn more about the behavioural aspects of paper use. “ h

40、e says. “They had never asked, theyd just assumed that 70 million sheets would be bought per year as a literal function of economic growth. “ To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example, Xerox Corp. is developing electronic paper: thin digit

41、al displays that respond to a stylus, like a pen on paper. Notations can be erased or saved digitally. Another idea, intelligent paper, comes from Anoto Group. It would allow notations made with a stylus on a page printed with a special magnetic ink to simultaneously appear on a computer screen. Eve

42、n with such technological advances, the improved capabilities of digital storage continue to act against “paperlessness,“ argues Paul Saffo, a technology forecaster. In his prophetic and metaphorical 1989 essay, “The Electronic Pinata (彩罐 )“, he suggests that the increasing amounts of electronic dat

43、a necessarily require more paper. The information industry today is like a huge electronic pinata, composed of a thin paper crust surrounding an electronic core. “ Mr. Saffo wrote. The growing paper crust “is most noticeable, but the hidden electronic core that produces the crust is far largerand gr

44、owing more rapidly. The result is that we are becoming paperless, but we hardly notice at all. In the same way that digital innovations have increased paper consumption. Saffo says, so has video conferencing with its promise of fewer in-person meetings boosting business travel. “Thats one of the gre

45、at ironies of the information age,“ Saffo says. “Its just common sense that the more you talk to someone by phone or computer, it inevitably leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet. “ 26 What function does the second sentence in the first paragraph

46、serve? （ A） It further explains high-tech hubris. （ B） It confirms the effect of high-tech hubris. （ C） It offers a cause for high-tech hubris. （ D） It offers a contrast to high-tech hubris. 27 Which of the following is NOT a reason for the slowdown in paper sales? （ A） Workforce with better compute

47、r skills. （ B） Slow growth of the US economy. （ C） Changing patterns in paper use. （ D） Changing employment trends. 28 The two innovations by Xerox Corp. and Anoto Group feature_. （ A） integrated use of paper and digital form （ B） a shift from paper to digital form （ C） the use of computer screen （

48、D） a new style of writing 29 What does the author mean by “irony of the information age“? （ A） The dream of the “paperless“ office will be realized. （ B） People usually prefer to have face-to-face meetings. （ C） More digital data use leads to greater paper use. （ D） Some people are opposed to video-

49、conferencing. 30 What is the authors attitude towards “paperlessness“? （ A） He reviews the situation from different perspectives. （ B） He agrees with some of the people quoted in the passage. （ C） He has a preference for digital innovations. （ D） He thinks airlines benefit most from the digital age. TEXT C 30 When George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was “the most class-ridden country under t