[外语类试卷]2004年中国社科院研究生院考博英语真题试卷(精选)及答案与解析.doc
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1、2004年中国社科院研究生院考博英语真题试卷(精选)及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 She actually preferred a more gregarious urban life style and the cultural attractions in a warmer clime. ( A) tranquil ( B) sociable ( C) inactive ( D) undisturbed 2 Some of the plans provisions have already aroused opposition, most not
2、ably from Pope John Paul . ( A) clauses ( B) interpretations ( C) interrelations ( D) depreciations 3 Nothing is less sensible than the advice of the Duke of Cambridge who is to be reported to have said: “Any change, at any time, for any reason is to be deplored.“ ( A) emulated ( B) ridiculed ( C) c
3、omplicated ( D) lamented 4 Most of the 33 newly discovered planets giant gas bags swing so erratically that they create havoc on any smaller, nearby, life-friendly planets. ( A) destruction ( B) benefits ( C) chaos ( D) violence 5 Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty o
4、f money for topflight staff, travel, and television commercials. ( A) dubiously ( B) potently ( C) profusely ( D) candidly 6 In fact, a number of recent developments suggest that new media may actually be the salvation of old media; that online newspapers, Webzines, and e-books could preserve and ex
5、tend the best aspects of the print culture while augmenting it with their variou ( A) limiting ( B) maintaining ( C) distinguishing ( D) increasing 7 Every modern government, liberal or otherwise, has a specific position in the field of ideas; its stability is vulnerable to critics in proportion to
6、their ability and persuasiveness. ( A) futile ( B) susceptible ( C) feasible ( D) flexible 8 Parties are therefore free to strive for a settlement without jeopardizing their chances for or in a trial if mediation is unsuccessful. ( A) assuring ( B) increasing ( C) endangering ( D) destroying 9 They
7、make better use of the time they have, and they are less likely to succumb to fatigue in stressful jobs. ( A) sustain ( B) yield ( C) endure ( D) expose 10 It disgusted him when atheists attacked religion: he thought they were vulgar. ( A) insulting ( B) base-minded ( C) rough ( D) vicious 11 From t
8、he time of the Greeks to the Great War, medicines job was simple: to struggle with _ diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain. ( A) immortal ( B) immune ( C) lethal ( D) toxic 12 This is a market in which enterprising businesses _ for the demands of teenagers and ol
9、der youths in all their rock mania and pop-art forms. ( A) cater ( B) entitle ( C) appeal ( D) subject 13 It must guide public opinion, after presenting _ both sides of every issue and pointing out to readers what measures seem to promise the greater good for the greater number. ( A) inquisitively (
10、 B) inconceivably ( C) appallingly ( D) impartially 14 Brushing removes larger particles, but dentists suggest brushing the back of the tongue as well, where food residues and bacteria _. ( A) flourish ( B) collaborate ( C) embark ( D) congregate 15 American literary historians are perhaps _ to view
11、ing their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. ( A) prone ( B) legible ( C) incompatible ( D) prior 16 To many people, a husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family - they need children to enrich the circle, to _ family character and to gather the redemptive i
12、nfluence of offspring. ( A) repress ( B) intimidate ( C) validate ( D) confine 17 The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation. And _ the Corporations statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compe
13、te in this supply. ( A) defers ( B) curtails ( C) triggers ( D) sparks 18 These people actively try to _ what they believe to be bad English and assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English. ( A) suppress ( B) regress ( C) enhance ( D) revive 19 It must guarantee freedom of expression, to
14、 the end that all _ to the flow of ideas shall be removed. ( A) prophecies ( B) transactions ( C) arguments ( D) hindrances 20 As we have seen, propaganda can appeal to us by arousing our emotions or _, our attention from the real issues at hand. ( A) retaining ( B) sustaining ( C) distracting ( D)
15、obscuring 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 In the preceding chapter, economic welfare was taken broadly to consist of that group of satisfactions and dissatisfactions which can be brought into relation with a money measure. We have now to observe that this relation is not a direct one, but is mediated th
16、rough desires and aversions. That is to say, the money that a person is prepared to offer for a thing measures directly, not the satisfaction he will get from the thing, but-the intensity of his desire for it. This distinction, obvious when stated, has been somewhat obscured for English-speaking stu
17、dents by the employment of the term utility - which naturally carries an association with satisfaction - to represent intensity of desire. Thus, when one thing is desired by a person more keenly than another, it is said to possess a greater utility to that person. Several writers have endeavored to
18、get rid of the confusion which this use of words generates by substituting “utility“ in the above sense for some other term, such as “desirability“. The term “desiredness“ seems, however, to be preferable, because, since it cannot be taken to have any ethical implication, it is less ambiguous. I sha
19、ll myself employ that term. Generally speaking, everybody prefers present pleasures or satisfactions of given magnitude to future pleasures or satisfactions of equal magnitude, even when the latter are perfectly certain to occur. But this preference for present pleasures does not - the idea is self-
20、contradictory - imply that a present pleasure of given magnitude is any greater than a future pleasure of the same magnitude. It implies only that our telescopic faculty is defective, and that we, therefore, see future pleasures, as it were, on a diminished scale. That this is the right explanation
21、is proved by the fact that exactly the same diminution is experienced when, apart from our tendency to forget ungratifying incidents, we contemplate the past. Our analysis also suggests that economic welfare could be increased by some rightly chosen degree of differentiation in favor of saving. Nobo
22、dy, of course, holds that the State should force its citizens to act as though so much objective wealth now and in the future were of exactly equal importance. In view of the uncertainty of productive developments, to say nothing of the mortality of nations and eventually of the human race itself, t
23、his would not, even in the extremest theory, be sound policy. But there is wide agreement that the State should protect the interests of the future in some degree against the effects of our irrational discounting and of our preference for ourselves over our descendants. The whole movement for “conse
24、rvation“ in the United States is based on this conviction. It is the clear duty of Government, which is the trustee for unborn generations as well as for its present citizens, to watch over, and, if need be, by legislative enactment, to defend, the exhaustible natural resources of the country from r
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- 外语类 试卷 2004 年中 社科院 研究生院 英语 精选 答案 解析 DOC
