ASTM C183-2013 Standard Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement《水硬性水泥的取样及检测量的标准操作规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: C183 08C183 13Standard Practice forSampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C183; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis

2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampl

3、ing and for the amount of testing of hydraulic cement after it has beenmanufactured and is ready to be offered for sale.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for informationpurposes only.1.2.1 A ton as used in this practice is 9

4、07 kg (2000 lb).1.2.2 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules forConversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurement made in other units.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concern

5、s, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C91 Specification for Masonry CementC109/C109

6、M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic CementC115 Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by the TurbidimeterC150 Specification for Portland CementC151 Test Method for Autoclave

7、Expansion of Hydraulic CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement MortarC186 Test Method for Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic CementC191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vica

8、t NeedleC204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability ApparatusC227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)C265 Test Method for Water-Extractable Sulfate in Hydrated Hydraulic Cement MortarC266 Test Method for Time of

9、Setting of Hydraulic-Cement Paste by Gillmore NeedlesC451 Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement (Paste Method)C452 Test Method for Potential Expansion of Portland-Cement Mortars Exposed to SulfateC563 Test Method for Approximation of Optimum SO3 in Hydraulic Cement Using Compressive S

10、trengthC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic CementC1012 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate SolutionC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1328 Specification for Plastic (Stucco) CementC132

11、9 Specification for Mortar Cement1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.95 on Coordination of Standards.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008Aug. 1, 2013. Published January 2009September 2013. Originally approve

12、d in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 20022008as C183 02.C183 08. DOI: 10.1520/C0183-08.10.1520/C0183-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the s

13、tandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accur

14、ately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor

15、Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test SievesIEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 ACI Standard:225.1R Guide to the Selection and Use of Hydraulic

16、 Cements33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 lot (of cement)specific quantity of cement offered for inspection at any one time. A lot may be one or more storage binsfilled consecutively.Alot may also be the contents of one or more transport units representing cemen

17、t drawn from the same storagebin.3.1.2 reduced testing ratetest program that provides for the testing of only two samples from any given lot of samplesobtained and prepared for testing at the normal rate as described herein. The program utilizes probability factors and is so designedthat when result

18、s from the two samples fulfill the requirements of the program it may be said with 95 % confidence that less than5 % of the samples would be outside the specification limits.4. Significance and Use4.1 The sampling procedures described are intended for use in the procurement of samples of hydraulic c

19、ement after it has beenmanufactured and is ready to be offered for sale. They are not intended as sampling procedures for quality control purposes duringmanufacturing. The testing procedures outlined cover the amount of testing to be done and provide guidance for reporting onconformance or non-confo

20、rmance of cements with requirements of purchase specifications.4.2 This practice is referenced as the procedure for sampling masonry cement (Specification C91), portland cement(Specification C150), blended hydraulic cement (Specification C595), expansive hydraulic cement (Specification C845), plasti

21、cstucco cement (Specification C1328), mortar cement (Specification C1329), and hydraulic cement based on a performancespecification (Specification C1157).4.3 Most building codes and construction specifications require that hydraulic cement to be used in the work meet the applicablerequirements of th

22、e relevant purchase specifications, such as Specifications C91, C150, C595, C1157, C1328, C1329, or C845. Ifthe code or specification requires sampling of the manufactured cement, the provisions given in 4.4 are applicable. Not muchcement is sold on the basis of such sampling and testing. A useful d

23、iscussion of sampling and testing cement is contained in ACI225.1R.4.4 The procedures covered in this practice should be done by or for purchasers of hydraulic cement who are using a code orspecification that requires sampling and testing to determine if the samples conform to the relevant acceptanc

24、e specifications. Thetesting is done using specified methods to determine whether the samples yield test results that conform to the specification, andthe tests serve as a basis for acceptance or rejection of the lot of material sampled.4.5 It is neither intended nor required that all cements be tes

25、ted using all the test methods referenced in Section 2.5. Kinds and Size of Samples and by Whom Taken5.1 A cement sample secured from a conveyor, from bulk storage, or from a bulk shipment in one operation, shall be termeda “grab sample.” A sample obtained during a 10-min interval using an automatic

26、 sampling device that continuously samples acement stream may also be termed a grab sample. Grab samples taken at prescribed intervals over a period of time may becombined to form a “composite sample representative of the cement produced during that period of time.5.2 All samples, whether grab or co

27、mposite, shall have a mass of at least 5 kg (10 lb).5.3 The purchaser may designate a representative to supervise the sampling, packing, and shipping of samples when it is sospecified in the purchase contract.5.4 Package the samples in moisture-proof, airtight containers numbered consecutively in th

28、e order in which the samples aretaken. The purchase contract shall state who will pay for the costs of sampling, packaging, shipping and testing the samples.NOTE 1Polyvinyl chloride sample containers, upon occasion, have been found to affect the air-entraining potential of a cement sample. The samep

29、roblem might be experienced with containers made from other plastics.6. Testing-Time Requirements for the Completion of Tests6.1 When tests of hydraulic cement are made at a laboratory other than that of the cement manufacturer, the cement samplingschedule, sample transportation time, and sample tes

30、ting schedule must be coordinated among the purchaser, the manufacturer, andthe testing laboratory so that the tests results will be available when required.3 Detailed requirements for this sieve are given in Specification E11.C183 1326.2 The manufacturer of the cement shall make the cement availabl

31、e to be sampled for testing early enough before the time thetest results are needed so that at least the applicable time intervals listed in 6.3 exist.6.3 When this has been done, the testing laboratory shall provide test results not later than the indicated number of days aftersampling:Test Methods

32、 Time Interval, daysC109/C109M (1-day results), C114, C115, C151, C185,C191, C204, C451, C265, C266, C5638C109/C109M (3-day results) 10C109/C109M and C186 (7-day results) 14C227, C452, and C1012 (14-day results) 21C109/C109M and C186 (28-day results) 35C157/C157M (34-day results) 41C227 (56-day resu

33、lts) 63C227 (91-day results) 987. Sampling7.1 The cement may be sampled by any of the applicable methods described in this section.7.1.1 From the Conveyor Delivering to Bulk StorageTake one grab sample, having a mass of at least 5 kg (10 lb), atapproximately 6-h intervals.7.1.2 Transfer SamplingSamp

34、le cement in storage while the cement is being transferred from one bin to another. Take onegrab sample from the transfer stream for each 360 Mg (400 tons) of cement, or fraction thereof, but take no less than two grabsamples and combine them to produce a composite sample.7.1.3 Other Sampling Method

35、sWhen neither of the above sampling methods is applicable, samples may, when authorized bythe purchaser, be taken by one of the following methods:7.1.3.1 From Bulk Storage at Points of DischargeWithdraw cement from the discharge openings in a steady stream untilsampling is completed. Estimate the qu

36、antity of cement in Mg to be withdrawn from one discharge opening as 0.055 d3 0.2,where d is the depth in metres of cement above the discharge opening. If a high circular silo is being sampled, take all samplesfrom one opening. If the quantity of the cement in the bin exceeds 1100 Mg (1200 tons) whe

37、n low rectangular bins are beingsampled, discharge openings employed in the sampling shall be such that for no opening shall the number of samples representmore than one half the contents of the bin or more than 1800 Mg (2000 tons). InWhen sampling bulk storage at points of discharge,while the cemen

38、t is flowing through the openings, take samples at such intervals so that at least two grab samples shall be securedfor each 360 Mg (400 tons) in the bin or silo.7.1.3.2 From Bulk Storage and Bulk Shipment by Means of a Slotted Tube SamplerWhen the depth of the cement to besampled does not exceed 2.

39、1 m (7 ft), obtain samples using a slotted tube sampler similar to that shown in Fig. 1. It shall be between1.5 and 1.8 m (5 and 6 ft) long and approximately 35 mm (138 in.) in outside diameter and consist of two polished brass telescopictubes with registering slots that are opened or closed by rota

40、tion of the inner tube, the outer tube being provided with a sharp pointto facilitate penetration. Take samples from well-distributed points and various depths of the cement so that the samples taken willrepresent the cement involved.7.1.3.3 From Packaged Cement by Means of Tube SamplerInsert the sa

41、mpler, shown in Fig. 2, diagonally into the valve ofthe bag and place the thumb over the air hole. Then withdraw the sampler. Take one sample from a bag in each 4.5 Mg (5 tons)or fraction thereof.7.1.3.4 From Bulk Shipment of Car or Truck:(a) (a) Single ShipmentIf only one car or truck is being load

42、ed and the loading is continuous and all from the same source,take a 5-kg (10-lb) sample. If not continuous or unknown, combine five or more portions from different points in the load to formthe test sample.(b) (b) Multiple ShipmentsWhen the shipment consists of several cars or trucks loaded from th

43、e same source and on the sameday, sample the shipment at the rate of one sample for each 90 Mg (100 tons) of cement or fraction thereof, but take not less thantwo samples. Consider cement represented by such samples as a lot, and test the samples in accordance with the procedure outlinedin the secti

44、on on Amount of Testing.7.2 Protection of SamplesAs samples are taken, place them directly in moisture-proof airtight containers to avoid moistureabsorption and aeration of the sample. If the samples are placed in cans, fill the can completely and immediately seal. Usemoisture-proof multiple-wall pa

45、per bags or plastic bags if they are strong enough to avoid breakage, and if they can be sealedimmediately after filling in such a manner as to eliminate excess air in the sample and avoid moisture absorption and aeration ofthe sample. Samples shall be treated as described in the section on Preparat

46、ion of Sample.FIG. 1 Slotted Tube Sampler for Bulk CementC183 1338. Preparation of Sample8.1 Before testing, pass each sample through an 850-m (No. 20) sieve,6 or any other sieve having approximately the same sizeopenings, in order to mix the sample, break up lumps, and remove foreign material. Disc

47、ard the foreign materials and hardenedlumps that do not break up on sieving or brushing. Store the cement in airtight moisture-proof containers to prevent aeration orabsorption of moisture prior to test.9. Amount of Testing9.1 GeneralWhen required, the purchaser shall specify the amount of testing f

48、or heat of hydration (Test Method C186), alkalireactivity (Test Method C227), and sulfate resistance (Test Method C1012). Make all other tests on individual grab or compositesamples chosen as specified herein under Selection of Samples for Testing. Do only those tests required by the applicablespeci

49、fication.9.2 Normal TestingDetermine the number of samples to be tested in accordance with Table 1. The normal testing rate shallbe used under the following conditions:9.2.1 Before the quality history has been established,9.2.2 When no samples from a particular mill have been tested within a year,9.2.3 When the quality history is based entirely on data more than two years old, and9.2.4 When it is deemed necessary to recalculate the critical limit because of indicated lack of control as shown by the controlchart of the range.NOTE 2Random grab samples take