ASTM A536-1984(2009) Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings《球墨铸铁铸件的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: A 536 84 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Specification forDuctile Iron Castings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 536; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i

2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers castings made of ductile iron,also k

3、nown as spheroidal or nodular iron, that is described ascast iron with the graphite substantially spheroidal in shape andessentially free of other forms of graphite, as defined inTerminology A 644.1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated be-tween the properties of the iron in various l

4、ocations of the samecasting or between the properties of castings and those of a testspecimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided f

5、or information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 644 Terminology Relating to Iron CastingsA 732/A 732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-bon and Low Alloy Steel for Gene

6、ral Application, andCobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials2.2 Military Standard:3MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include thefollowing infor

7、mation:3.1.1 ASTM designation,3.1.2 Grade of ductile iron required (see Table 1, andSections 4 and 9),3.1.3 Special properties, if required (see Section 7),3.1.4 If a different number of samples are required (seeSection 10),3.1.5 Certification, if required (see Section 14), and3.1.6 Special preparat

8、ion for delivery, if required (see Sec-tion 15).4. Tensile Requirements4.1 The iron represented by the test specimens shall con-form to the requirements as to tensile properties presented inTables 1 and 2. The irons listed in Table 1 cover those ingeneral use, while those listed in Table 2 are used

9、for specialapplications (such as pipes, fittings, etc.).4.2 The yield strength shall be determined at 0.2 % offset bythe offset method (see Test Methods E8). Other methods maybe used by mutual consent of the manufacturer and purchaser.5. Heat Treatment5.1 The 60-40-18 grade will normally require a f

10、ull ferritiz-ing anneal. The 120-90-02 and the 100-70-03 grades generallyrequire a quench and temper or a normalize and temper, or anisothermal heat treatment. The other two grades can be meteither as-cast or by heat treatment. Ductile iron, which is heattreated by quenching to martensite and temper

11、ing, may havesubstantially lower fatigue strength than as-cast material of thesame hardness.6. Test Coupons6.1 The separately cast test coupons from which the tensiontest specimens are machined shall be cast to the size and shapeshown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2. A modified keel block cast from themold show

12、n in Fig. 3 may be substituted for the 1-in. Y-blockor the 1-in. keel block. The test coupons shall be cast in openmolds made of suitable core sand having a minimum wallthickness of 112 in. (38 mm) for the12-in. (12.5 mm) and 1-in.(25-mm) sizes and 3 in. (75 mm) for the 3-in. size. Thecoupons shall

13、be left in the mold until they have cooled to ablack color (approximately 900F (482C) or less). The size ofcoupon cast to represent the casting shall be at the option of the1This specification is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee A04 onIron Castings and is the direct responsibility of Sub

14、committee A04.02 on Malleableand Ductile Iron Castings.Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A 53684 (2004)1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Serv

15、ice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-50981Copyright ASTM International, 10

16、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.purchaser. In case no option is expressed, the manufacturershall make the choice.6.2 When investment castings are made to this specification,the manufacturer may use test specimens cast to size incorpo-rated in the mol

17、d with the castings, or separately cast to sizeusing the same type of mold and the same thermal conditionsthat are used to produce the castings. These test specimensshall be made to the dimensions shown in Fig. 1 of Specifica-tion A 732/A 732M or Figs. 5 and 6 of Test Methods andDefinitions A 370.6.

18、3 The manufacturer may use separately cast test couponsor test specimens cut from castings when castings made to thisspecification are nodularized or inoculated in the mold. Sepa-rately cast test coupons shall have a chemistry that is repre-sentative of castings produced from the ladle poured and ac

19、ooling rate equivalent to that obtained with the test moldsshown in Figs. 1 and 2, Figs. 4-6,orAppendix X2. The size(cooling rate) of the coupon chosen to represent the castingshould be decided by the purchaser. If test coupon size is notspecified, the manufacturer shall make the choice. When testba

20、rs will be cut from castings, test bar location shall be agreedon by the purchaser and manufacturer and indicated on thecasting drawing. The manufacturer shall maintain sufficientcontrols and control documentation to assure the purchaser thatproperties determined from test coupons or test bars arere

21、presentative of castings shipped.6.4 The test coupons shall be poured from the same ladle orheat as the castings they represent.6.5 Test coupons shall be subjected to the same thermaltreatment as the castings they represent.7. Special Requirements7.1 When specified in the contract or purchase order,

22、castings shall meet special requirements as to hardness, chemi-cal composition, microstructure, pressure tightness, radio-graphic soundness, magnetic particle inspection dimensions,and surface finish.TABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsGrade60-40-18Grade65-45-12Grade80-55-06Grade100-70-03Grade120-90-02Tensi

23、le strength, min, psi 60 000 65 000 80 000 100 000 120 000Tensile strength, min, MPa 414 448 552 689 827Yield strength, min, psi 40 000 45 000 55 000 70 000 90 000Yield strength, min, MPa 276 310 379 483 621Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 18 12 6.0 3.0 2.0TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements for Specia

24、l ApplicationsGrade60-42-10Grade70-50-05Grade80-60-03Tensile strength, min, psiTensile strength, min, MPa60 00041570 00048580 000555Yield strength, min, psiYield strength, min, MPa42 00029050 00034560 000415Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm,min, %10 5 3Metric Equivalentsin. mm in. mm12112.725.411221238.1

25、63.5NOTEThe length of the keel block shall be 6 in. (152 mm).FIG. 1 Keel Block for Test CouponsDimen-sions“Y” Block SizeFor Castingsof ThicknessLess Than12 in.(13 mm)For Castingsof Thickness12 in.(13 mm) to112 in.(38 mm)For Castingsof Thicknessof 112 in.(38 mm)and Overin. mm in. mm in. mmA12 13 1 25

26、 3 75B158 40 218 54 5 125C 2 50 3 75 4 100D 4 100 6 150 8 200E 7 175 7 175 7 175approx approx approx approx approx approxFIG. 2 Y-Blocks for Test CouponsA 536 84 (2009)2FIG. 3 Mold for Modified Keel BlockFIG. 4 Sectioning Procedure for Y-BlocksA 536 84 (2009)38. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance8.1

27、 The castings shall be smooth, free of injurious defects,and shall conform substantially to the dimensions of thedrawing or pattern supplied by the purchaser.8.2 Castings shall not have chilled corners or center chill inareas to be machined.9. Chemical Requirements9.1 It is the intent of this specif

28、ication to subordinatechemical composition to mechanical properties; however, anychemical requirements may be specified by agreement betweenthe manufacturer and the purchaser.10. Number of Tests and Retests10.1 The number of representative coupons poured andtested shall be established by the manufac

29、turer, unless other-wise agreed upon with the purchaser.10.2 In the case of the Y-block, the section shall be cut fromthe block as shown in Fig. 4. If any tension test specimenshows obvious defects, another may be cut from the same testblock or from another test block representing the same metal.11.

30、 Tension Test Specimen11.1 The standard round tension test specimen with a 2-in.or 50-mm gage length shown in Fig. 5 shall be used, exceptwhen the -in. (12.7-mm)Y-block coupon is used. In this case,either of the test specimens shown in Fig. 6 shall be satisfac-tory.12. Responsibility for Inspection1

31、2.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the supplier is responsible for the performance of allinspection requirements as specified herein. Except as other-wise specified in the contract or order, the supplier may use hisown or any other facilities suitable for the performanc

32、e of theinspection requirements specified herein, unless disapprovedby the purchaser. The purchaser reserves the right to performany of the inspections set forth in the specification where suchinspections are deemed necessary to assure supplies andservices conform to prescribed requirements.13. Iden

33、tification Marking13.1 When size permits, each casting shall be identified bythe part or pattern number in raised numerals. Location ofmarking shall be as shown on the applicable drawing.14. Certification14.1 When agreed upon in writing by the purchaser and theseller, a certification shall be made t

34、he basis of acceptance ofthe material. This shall consist of a copy of the manufacturerstest report or a statement by the seller, accompanied by a copyof the test results, that the material has been sampled, tested,and inspected in accordance with provisions of this specifica-tion. Each certificatio

35、n so furnished shall be signed by anauthorized agent of the seller or manufacturer.15. Preparation for Delivery15.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, cleaning, drying, preservation, and packaging of castingshall be in accordance with manufacturers commercial prac-tice. Pac

36、king and marking shall also be adequate to ensureacceptance and safe delivery by the carrier for the mode oftransportation employed.15.2 Government ProcurementWhen specified in the con-tract or purchase order marking for shipment shall be inaccordance with the requirements of MIL-STD-129.16. Keyword

37、s16.1 casting; ductile iron; nodular iron; spheroidal graphiteMetric Equivalentsin. mm in. mm0.005 0.13 0.50 12.70.10 2.5 2 50.818 3.238 9.5 214 57.2NOTEThe gage length and fillets shall be as shown but the ends maybe of any shape to fit the holders of the testing machine in such a way thatthe load

38、shall be axial. The reduced section shall have a gradual taper fromthe ends toward the center, with the ends 0.003 to 0.005 in. (0.08 to 0.13mm) larger in diameter than the center.FIG. 5 Standard Round Tension Test Specimen with 2-in. or50-mm Gage LengthMetric Equivalentsin. mm in. mm0.005 0.13 1.0

39、25.40.007 0.18 114 31.80.252 6.40 1.4 35.60.357 9.07 134 44.4NOTEIf desired, the length of the reduced section may be increased toaccommodate an extensometer.FIG. 6 Examples of Small-Size Specimens Proportional toStandard12-in. (12.7-mm) Round SpecimenA 536 84 (2009)4APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Informat

40、ion)X1. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CASTINGSX1.1 The mechanical properties of iron castings are influ-enced by the cooling rate during and after solidification, bychemical composition, by heat treatment, by the design andnature of the mold, by the location and effectiveness of gatesand risers, and by c

41、ertain other factors.X1.2 The cooling rate in the mold and, therefore, theproperties developed in any particular section are influenced bythe presence of cores, chills and chaplets, changes in sectionthickness, and the existence of bosses, projections, and inter-sections, such as junctions of ribs a

42、nd bosses. Because of theinteractions of these factors, no precise quantitative relation-ship can be stated between the properties of the iron in variouslocations of the same casting or between the properties of acasting and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron.When such a relationship i

43、s important and must be known fora specific application, it may be more closely ascertained byappropriate experimentation.X1.3 When reliable information is unavailable on therelationship between properties in a casting and those in aseparately cast test specimen, and where experimentationwould be un

44、feasible, the size of the test casting should be soselected as to approximate the cooling rate of the main orcontrolling section of the casting.X2. Y-BLOCK SELECTIONX2.1 As a general guide for selection of the properY-block,the tabulation in Table X2.1, based on cooling rates, shows, forvarious test

45、 coupons, the equivalent geometric shapes withvarious dimensions.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any su

46、ch patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invit

47、ed either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a

48、 fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this

49、 standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE X2.1 Equivalent Geometric Shapes Correspondingto Y-BlocksY-Block Size,in. (mm)Infinite PlateThickness, in. (mm)Round Diameter, in.(mm)Cube Edge, in. (mm)12 (12.7) 0.5 (12.7) 1.2 (30.5) 1.75 (44.4)1 (25.4) 0.9 (22.9) 1.75 (44.4) 2.75 (69.8)3 (76.2) 1.6 (40.6) 3.1 (78.7) 4.8 (121.9)A 536 84 (2009)5