ASME PTC 30-1991 Air Cooled Heat Exchangers《空气冷却式热交换器》.pdf

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1、 Air Cooled Heat Exchangers ASME PTC 30-1991 PERFORMANCE TEST AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD THE AMERICAN SOCIETY ,OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS United Engineering Center 345 East 47th Street New York, N.Y. 1001 7 Date of Issuance: May 30, 1991 The 1991 edition of this document is being issued with an auto

2、matic addenda subscription service. The use of an addenda allows revisions made in re- sponse to public review comments or committee actions to be published as necessary; revisions published in addenda will become effective 1 year after the Date of Issuance of the document. This document will be rev

3、ised when the Society approves the issuance of the next edition, scheduled for 1996. ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretation of technical aspects of this document. The interpretations will be included with the above addenda service. Interpretations are not part of the adde

4、nda to the document. ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers This code or standard was developed under prccedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Consensus Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to as

5、sure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. .The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-

6、at-large. ASME does not “approve,“ “rate,“ or “endorse“ any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone

7、 utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own

8、 responsibility. Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industryendorsement of this code or standard. ASME acepts responsibility for only those interpretations issued in accordance with governing ASME procedur

9、es and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual vol- unteers. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyright 0 1991 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHAN

10、ICAL ENGINEERS All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A. , FOREWORD (This Foreword is not part of ASME PTC 30-1991.) In May 1960 the Board on Performance Test Codes organized PTC 30 on Atmospheric Cooling Equipment to provide uniform methods and procedures for testing air cooled heat exchangers, and the

11、 means for interpreting the test results to enable reliable evaluation of the performance capability of the equipment. This Committee was chaired by Mr. R. T. Mathews, and under his guidance a preliminary Draft of PTC 30 for Air Cooled Heat Exchangers was developed. Following the death of Chairman M

12、athews the Board on Performance Test Codes directed the reorganization of this Committee in 1977 under the leadership of interim Chairman Mr. J. C. Westcott. The newly reorganized committee wab entitled PTC 30 on Air Cooled Heat Exchangers. On April 20,1977 Mr. J. C. Westcott relinquished the Chair

13、and Mr. J. C. Campbell was elected Chairman. This Code was approved by the PTC 30 Committee on May 22,1990. It was approved by the ASME Board on Performance Test Codes and adopted as a standard practice of the Society on October 5, 1990. It was approved as an American National Standard on February 1

14、 5,1991, by the Board of Standards Review of the American National Standards Institute. iii All ASME codes are copyrighted, with all rights reserved to the Society. Reproduction of this or any other ASME code is a violation of Federal Law. Legalities aside, the user should appreciate that the publis

15、hing of the high quality codes that have typified ASME documents requires a substantial commitment by the Society. Thousands of volunteers work diligently to develop these codes. They participate on their own or with a sponsors assistance and produce documents that meet the requirements of an ASME c

16、onsensus standard. The codes are very valuable pieces of literature to industry and commerce, and the effort to improve these “living documents” and develop additional needed codes must be continued. The monies spent for research and further code development, administrative staff support and publica

17、tion are essential and constitute a substantial drain on ASME. The purchase price of these documents helps offset these costs. User reproduction undermines this system and represents an added financial drain on ASME. When extra copies are needed, you are requested to call or write the ASME Order Dep

18、artment, 22 Law Drive, Box 2300, Fairfield, New Jersey 07007-2300, and ASME will expedite delivery of such copies to you by return mail. Please instruct your people to buy.required test codes rather than copy them. Your cooperation in this matter is greatly appreciated. iv PERSONNEL OF ASME PERFORMA

19、NCE TEST CODE COMMITTEE NO. 30 ON AIR COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS (The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.) OFFICERS J. C. Campbell, Chairman R. B. Miller, Vice Chairman J. Karian, Secretary COMMllTEE PERSONNEL J. A. Bartz, Edison Power Research Institute K.

20、 J. Bell, Oklahoma State University J. M. Burns, Stone and Webster Engineering Corp. J. C. Campbell, Lilie-Hoffman Cooling Towers, Inc. (retired) R. R. Carpenter, Duke Power Co. M. C. Hu, United Engineers and Constructors, Inc. B. M. Johnson, Battelle Northwest G. E. Kluppel, Hudson Products Corp. P

21、. A. Lindahl, The Marley Cooling Tower Co. P. M. McHale, Ebasco Plant Services Inc. R. B. Miller, Stone and Webster Engineering Corp. D. S. Parris, Jr., American Energy J. G. Yost, Environmental Systems Corp. V - BOARD ON PERFORMANCE TEST CODES PERSONNEL J. S. Davis, Jr., Vice President N. R. Deming

22、, Vice Chairman W. 0. Hays, Secretary A. F. Armor P. M. Gerhart R. P. Perkins R. L. Bannister R. Jorgensen R. W. Perry R. J. Biese D. R. Keyser A. L. Plumley J. A. Booth W. G. McLean C. B. Scharp B. Bornstein G. H. Mittendorf, Jr. J. W. Siegmund H. G. Crim J. W. Murdock R. E. Sommerlad G. J. Gerber

23、S. P. Nuspl J. C. Westcott vi CONTENTS Foreword . Committee Roster . Introduction Object and Scope 1.1 Object 1.2 Scope Definitions and Description of Terms 2.1 Terms 2.2 Letter Symbols . Guiding Principles . 1.3 Uncertainty 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.1 0 3.1 1 3.1 2 3.1 3 3.1 4 3.1 5 3.1

24、 6 3.1 7 . General . Agreements Prior to Test Selection of Personnel . Arrangement of Test Apparatus . Methods of Operation During Testing Provisions for Equipment Inspection Calibration of Instruments . Preliminary Testing Conduct of Test Permissible and Nonpermissible Adjustments to Test Procedure

25、s Duration of Test . Number of Test Readings . Permissible Limits of Test Parameters . Degree of Constancy of Test Conditions . Causes for Rejection of Test Readings or Results . Post-Test Uncertainty Analysis Pre-Test Uncertainty Analysis . Instruments and Methods of Measurement 4.1 General 4.2 Mea

26、surement of Physical Dimensions 4.3 Fan Measurements 4.4 Measurement of Air Flow . 4.5 Measurement of Air-Side Pressure Differential . 4.6 Measurement of Fan Driver Power . iii V 1 3 3 3 3 5 5 8 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 17 18 vii 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.1 0 4.1 1 4.

27、1 2 4.1 3 4.1 4 4.1 5 4.1 6 4.1 7 Measurement of Sound Level . 19 Measurement of Atmospheric Pressure . 19 Measurement of Environmental Effects . 19 Measurement of Wind Velocity . 19 Measurement of Air Temperatures 19 Measurement of Ambient and Entering Air Temperatures . 20 Measurement of Exit Air

28、Temperature 20 Measurement of Process Fluid Temperatures 20 Measurement of Process Fluid Pressures . 20 Measurement of Process Fluid Flow Rate . 21 Measurement of Composition of Process Fluid 21 5 Computation of Results 5.1 General . 5.2 Review of Test Data and Test Conditions . 5.3 Reduction of Tes

29、t Data 5.4 Determination of Material and Heat Balances 5.5 Computation of Effective Mean Temperature Difference . 5.6 Computation of Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient . 5.7 Determination of Air-Side Pressure Losses . 5.8 Determination of Process Fluid Pressure Losses 5.9 Adjustments of Test Data to

30、Design Conditions 23 23 23 23 24 25 26 26 28 25 6 Report of Results . 47 6.1 Composition of Report 47 6.2 Report Data 48 Figures 4.1 Location of Air Velocity and Temperature Measurement Points Across Fan Ring . 4.2 Typical Velocity Distribution Across Fan Stack 5.1 Mean Temperature Difference Relati

31、onships - Crossflow 5.2 Mean Temperature Difference Relationships - Crossflow 5.3 Mean Temperature Difference Relationships - Crossflow 5.4 Mean Temperature Difference Relationships - Crossflow 5.5 Mean Temperature Difference Relationships . Crossflow 5.6 Mean Temperature Difference Relationships -

32、Crossflow 5.7 Mean Temperature Difference Relationships - Crossflow 5.8 Mean Temperature Difference Relationships . Crossflow Unit - 1 Tube Row, Unmixed Unit - 2 Tube Rows. 1 Pass. Unmixed . Unit . 3 Tube Rows, 1 Pass. Unmixed . Unit - 4 Tube Rows. 1 Pass. Unmixed . Unit - 2 Tube Rows. 2 Passes. Unm

33、ixed Between Passes . Unit . 3 Tube Rows. 3 Passes. Unmixed Between Passes . Unit - 4 Tube Rows. 4 Passes. Unmixed Between Passes . Unit - 4 Tube Rows in 2 Passes. 2 Tube Rows per Pass. Mixed at the Header . 5.10 Fin Efficiency of Several Types of Straight Fins 5.1 1 Efficiency Curves for Four Types

34、 of Spine Fins 5.12 Efficiency of Annular Fins of Constant Thickness 5.1 3 Efficiency of Annular Fins With Constant Metal Area for Heat Flow 5.9 Schematic of Process Fluid Piping . 16 18 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 viii Tables 4.1 Recommended Minimum Number of Air Velocity Measurement Poi

35、nts for Fan Ring Traverse . 17 5.1 Values of Ft, for Equation 5.38 . 31 Appendices A Testing Guidelines 49 B Example . 51 D Special Considerations for Computation and Adjustment of Results 65 E Fouling 77 F Recirculation of Air . 79 G References . 81 C Example Uncertainty Analysis 57 Figures D.l Moo

36、dy-Darcy Friction Factor Chart for Flow Through Plain D.2a Chart for Calculating In-Tube Heat Transfer Coefficients for Tubes 66 Water . 69 D.2b Correction Factor to Fig . D.2a for Other Tube Diameters 70 D.3 Two-Phase Flow Friction Pressure Drop Correction Factor . 72 D.4 p as a Function for JI for

37、 the Chaddock Method 73 D.5 Colburn Correlation for Condensation on a Vertical Surface - No Vapor Shear . 74 . Tables C.l a Sensitivity Factors for Uncertainty Analysis 60 C.l b Sensitivity Factors for Uncertainty Analysis 61 C.2 Error Estimate Values for Capability . 62 C.3 Error Estimate Values fo

38、r Capability . 63 C.4 Two-Tailed STUDENT4 Table for the 95 Percent Confidence Level . 64 ix ASME PTC 30-1991 ASME PERFORMANCE TEST CODES Code on AlR COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS SECTION 0 - INTRODUCTION This Code provides instructions for the testing of air cooled heat exchangers. The equipment, as herein

39、 defined, refers to apparatus for the transfer of heat from process fluids to atmospheric air. The testing methods described in this Code will yield results of accuracy consistent with current en- gineering knowledge and practice. The purpose of this Code is to provide standard directions and rules

40、for the conduct and report of performance tests on air cooled heat exchangers and the measurement and evaluation of relevant data. This Code is a voluntary standard; adherence to it depends on prior mutual.agreement of all parties in- volved in the performance testing of specific air cooled heat exc

41、hangers. Unless otherwise specified, all references herein to other codes refer to ASME Performance Test Codes. Terms used but not defined herein are defined in the Code on Definitionqand Values (PTC 2). Descriptions of instruments and apparatus, beyond those specified and described in this Code, bu

42、t necessary to conduct the tests, may be found in the Supplements on In- struments and Apparatus (PTC 19 Series). When using this Code, a careful study should first be made of the most recent issues of Codes on Gen- eral Instructions (PTC I), and Definitions and Values (PTC 21, together with all oth

43、er codes referred to herein. In the event of any discrepancies between specific directions contained herein, and those in codes incorporated by reference, this Code shall govern. 1 AIR COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS ASME PTC 30-1991 SECTION 1 - OBJECT AND SCOPE 1.1 OBJECT presented. Such modifications shall

44、 be agreed by the The object of this Code is to provide uniform meth- ods and procedures for testing the thermodynamic and fluid mechanical performance of air cooled heat exchangers, and for calculating adjustments to the test results to design conditions for comparison with the guarantee as defined

45、 in para. 5.9.4. Excluded from the scope of this Code are evapo- rative type coolers (wet cooling towers), and any cooling equipment which combines evaporative and convective air cooling (wet/dry type). This Code does apply to wet/dry type heat exchan- gers when, by mutual agreement, the heat exchan

46、ger can be operated and tested as a dry type unit. 1.2 SCOPE The scope of this Code covers, but is not limited to, the testing of mechanical draft heat exchangers, of both the forced draft and induced draft types; nat- ural draft heat exchangers; and fan assisted natural draft heat exchangers. From

47、a heat transfer surface standpoint, this Code covers all tube bundle orientations, including: verti- cal, horizontal, and slanted conduit heat exchangers. Both bare surfaces and finned surfaces are included as conduit type heat exchanger components. While conventional round tubes with circular fins

48、are as- sumed in this Code, the procedures can be modified by mutual agreement to apply to other surface con- figurations. While the cooling fluid is restricted to atmospheric air, the tube-side fluid can be any chemical element, compound or mixture, in single-phase flow, liquid or gas, or in two-ph

49、ase flow. This Code is written under the assumption that the Air Cooled Heat Exchanger (ACHE) may be tested as having a discrete process stream or that only one process fluid stream is being investigated. In other cases, modifications must be made to the procedures parties to the test. The scope of this Code also includes, directly or by reference, recommended methods for obtaining data, measurements, observations, and samples to determine the following: (a) Physical Dimensions (c) Air-Side Pressure Different