ASME PASE-2014 Safety Standard for Portable Automotive Service Equipment《便携式自动服务装置的安全标准》.pdf

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1、Safety Standard for Portable Automotive Service EquipmentAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME PASE-2014(Revision, Redesignation, and Consolidation of ASME PALD-2009 and ASME ASP-2010)ASME PASE-2014(Revision, Redesignation, and Consolidation ofASME PALD-2009 and ASME ASP-2010)Safety Standardfor Portable

2、AutomotiveServiceEquipmentAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: December 29, 2014The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2019. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written replies to

3、inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org/.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorr

4、ectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available toautomatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted

5、 to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredit

6、ed as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public revie

7、w and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validi

8、ty of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised t

9、hat determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this

10、code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic r

11、etrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2014 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword viCommittee Roster

12、viiPreface . viiiPart 1 Introduction . 1Part 2 General Requirements 3Part 3 Attachments, Adapters, and Accessories . 6Part 4 Hydraulic Hand Jacks . 8Part 5 Transmission Jacks . 12Part 6 Engine Stands . 17Part 7 Vehicle Support Stands . 20Part 8 Emergency Tire-Changing Jacks . 27Part 9 Mobile Lifts 3

13、3Part 10 Service Jacks . 35Part 11 Wheel Dollies 41Part 12 Shop Cranes . 44Part 13 Auxiliary Stands . 47Part 14 Automotive Ramps . 49Part 15 High-Reach Supplementary Stands 53Part 16 Forklift Jacks . 56Part 17 Vehicle Transport Lifts 58Part 18 Vehicle-Moving Dollies . 62Part 19 Wheel Lift Jacks 65Pa

14、rt 20 Shop Presses 69Part 21 Oil Filter Crushers 72Part 22 Strut Spring Compressors . 75iiiPart 23 Oil and Antifreeze Handlers . 78Part 24 Portable Hydraulic Power Kits . 81Figures4-1.3-1 Typical Single-Stage Hydraulic Hand Jack 94-1.3-2 Typical Wheeled Pneumatic/Hydraulic Hand Jack 104-1.3-3 Typica

15、l Pneumatic/Hydraulic Hand Jack . 104-1.3-4 Typical Multiple-Stage Hydraulic Hand Jack . 115-1.3-1 Typical Hydraulic Transmission Jack . 135-1.3-2 Typical Pneumatic/Hydraulic Transmission Jacks . 146-1.3-1 Typical Single-Post Engine Stands 186-1.3-2 Typical Twin-Post Engine Stand 187-1.3-1 Typical V

16、ehicle Support Stands . 217-1.3-2 Horizontal Dimensions and Vertical Heights for StabilityConsiderations 227-1.3-3 Typical High-Reach Fixed Stand, Saw Horse Type 237-1.3-4 Typical High-Reach Fixed Stand, Tripod Type 247-4.1.1-1 Application of Load for Off-Center Load Test 267-4.1.1-2 Application of

17、Load for Centered Load Test 268-1.3-1 Typical Screw Jack . 288-1.3-2 Typical Bumper Jack . 288-1.3-3 Typical Scissors Jack . 298-1.3-4 Typical Frame Jack 298-4.1.4-1 Stability Test Compound Slope (Downgrade) 318-4.1.4-2 Stability Test Compound Slope (Upgrade) . 319-1.3-1 Typical Upright-Type Mobile

18、Lift . 349-1.3-2 Typical Scissors-Type Mobile Lift . 3410-1.3-1 Typical Hydraulic Service Jacks 3610-1.3-2 Typical Pneumatic/Hydraulic Service Jacks . 3710-2.7-1 Lift Arm Parallel 3810-2.7-2 Saddle Periphery Limits . 3810-4.1.4-1 Saddle Periphery Test 3911-1.3-1 Typical Wheel Dollies 4212-1.3-1 Typi

19、cal Shop Cranes . 4513-1.3-1 Typical Auxiliary Stands . 4813-4.1.1-1 Application of Load for Proof Load Test 4814-1.3-1 Typical Automotive Ramps 5014-4.1.1-1 Typical Test Area for Off-Center Load Test . 5114-4.1.2-1 Typical Test Area for Proof Load Test 5215-1.3-1 Typical High-Reach Supplementary St

20、and 5315-2.6-1 Stability . 5415-4.1.1-1 Proof Load Test 5516-1.3-1 Typical Forklift Jack . 5717-1.3-1 Typical Vehicle Transport Lifts . 5918-1.3-1 Typical Vehicle-Moving Dollies . 6319-1.3-1 Typical Wheel Lift Jack 6619-4.1-1 Example Measurement Location for Dimension X 6820-1.3-1 Shop Press, Air or

21、 Hydraulic 7020-1.3-2 Shop Press, Manual Hydraulic . 7020-1.3-3 Shop Press, Manual Hydraulic Bench 7021-1.3-1 Oil Filter Crushers, Pneumatic . 7321-1.3-2 Oil Filter Crushers, Hydraulic 7322-1.3-1 Fixed Strut Spring Compressor (Wall Mounted) 7622-1.3-2 Portable Strut Spring Compressor (Stand Mounted)

22、 . 7622-1.3-3 Clamshell Strut Spring Compressor 7622-1.3-4 Individual-Screw Strut Spring Compressor . 76iv23-1.3-1 Oil or Antifreeze Handlers, Pneumatic . 7924-1.3-1 Typical Portable Hydraulic Power Kit 8224-1.3-2 Standard Kit Fit-Up . 8224-1.3-3 Standard Kit Set for Applying Force . 82vFOREWORDThis

23、 ASME Standard, Safety Standard for Portable Automotive Service Equipment, has beendeveloped under the procedures for ASME Codes and Standards development committees. ThisStandard had its beginning in June 1979 when the Jack Institute addressed the B30 Committeeon Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists

24、, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings. The Jack Institute requestedthe B30 Committee either to develop a standard for automotive jacks or to include this equipmentas part of the revision of ASME B30.1, Jacks. The B30 Committee declined this request.As a result, the Jack Institute petitioned the American Nation

25、al Standards Institute (ANSI) inJuly 1979 for the formation of a committee to promulgate safety and/or performance standardsfor portable automotive lifting devices, requesting the designation of ASME as sponsor of theproject.In September 1979, ASMEs Policy Board, Codes and Standards, approved sponso

26、rship of thecommittee to operate under the procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI. Anominatingcommittee wasappointedto recommendaproposed membershiptothe ASMESafetyCodes and Standards Committee for approval. The membership was approved at the beginningof May 1980.Theinauguralmeetingofth

27、eASMECommitteeonPortableAutomotiveLiftingDevices(PALD)was held in July 1980. The Committee determined that the format of this Standard would besuchthatseparatevolumes,eachcompleteastodesign,marking,identification,testing,operation,inspection, and maintenance, would cover the different types of equip

28、ment included in the PALDscope. In the 1993 edition, the various volumes were combined into one Standard with commonrequirements in one place and the information specific to a particular type of equipment setout in succeeding Parts. This allowed for greater consistency in requirements and eliminated

29、redundancy.In April 2007, the ASME Committee on PALD recognized the need to develop a standard forPALD-related equipment not covered under the ASME PALD Standard. As a result, an ASMEPALDsubcommitteewasappointedbymemberscurrentlyservingontheASMEPALDCommitteeto propose a new standard for these produc

30、ts. This subcommittee then drafted a basic scope andoutline of this new Standard and petitioned the ASME Council of Codes and Standards forpermission to proceed with the development of this Standard to cover equipment described inthecharterofthe ASMEPALDCommittee.TheStandardwas approvedbytheAmerican

31、NationalStandards Institute on February 3, 2010, as the Safety Standard for Automotive Service andMaintenance Products (ASP).In July 2011, the PALD Committee approved changing the name and charter of the PALDCommittee to the Portable Automotive Service Equipment (PASE) Committee to encompass boththe

32、 ASME PALD and ASME ASP published Standards. As a result of this change, the Committeedecided to combine the two Standards into this new Safety Standard for Portable AutomotiveService Equipment. This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guideto manufacturers, to governmen

33、t and other regulatory bodies, to municipal authorities, and tocommercial users responsible for the inspection, maintenance, and instruction in the use of theequipment falling within its scope.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public health and safety. Revisions resultfrom Committee

34、 consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changingenvironmentalandindustryneeds.Revisionsdonotimplythatpreviouseditionswereinadequate.This Standard was approved by the American National Standards Institute on October 30, 2014.viASME PASE COMMITTEEPortable Automotive Ser

35、vice Equipment(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSF. G. Heath, ChairR. Nuttall, Vice ChairD. R. Alonzo, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELD. A. Alexander, Alexander Professional ServicesD. R. Alonzo, The American Soc

36、iety of Mechanical EngineersJ. Dames, Torin Jacks, Inc.R. Fox, VISI. Graham, JET Equipment and ToolsF. G. Heath, Heath over-loading;off-centeredloads;useonotherthanhard,levelsurfaces; and using equipment for a purpose for whichit was not designed.The PASE Committee fully realizes the importance ofpr

37、oper size, strength, and stability as safety factors inthe design of this equipment. This equipment is usedon various motor vehicles and their components undervariable working conditions. These conditions havebeen considered to provide safety and flexibility in itsuse. The requirements given in this

38、 Standard must beinterpreted accordingly and judgment should be usedin determining their application.MANDATORY AND ADVISORY RULESMandatory rules of this Standard are characterizedby use of the word shall. If a provision is of an advisorynature, it is indicated by use of the word should and isa recom

39、mendation to be considered, the advisability ofwhich depends on the facts in each situation.SI (METRIC) CONVERSIONSThis Standard contains SI (metric) units as well asU.S. Customary units. The values stated inviiiU.S.Customaryunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.The SI units in the text have been direct

40、ly (soft) con-verted from the U.S. Customary units.PROPOSING REVISIONSComments on the Standards requirements and sug-gestions for its improvement, based on experience inthe application of the rules, may be sent to thePASE Committee.Suggestions for changes to the Standard should besubmitted to the Se

41、cretary of the Committee on PortableAutomotive Service Equipment, ASME, Two ParkAvenue, New York, NY 10016-5990, and should be inaccordance with the following format:(a) Cite the specific Part or section and paragraphdesignation.(b) Indicate the suggested change (addition, deletion,revision, etc.).(

42、c) Briefly state the reason or evidence for the sug-gested change.(d) Submit suggested changes to more than one para-graph in the order in which the paragraphs appear inthe Standard.The PASE Committee will consider each suggestedchange in a timely manner according to its procedures.INTERPRETATIONSUp

43、on request, the PASE Committee will render aninterpretationof anyrequirementofthe Standard.Inter-pretations can be rendered only in response to a writtenrequest sent to the Secretary of the PASE Committee atthe address shown above.The request for interpretation should be clear andunambiguous. It is

44、further recommended that the in-quirer submit any request using the following format:Subject: Cite the applicable part or section andparagraph number, and provide a con-cise description.Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the perti-nent standard for which the interpreta-tion is being requested.Q

45、uestion: Phrase the question as a request for aninterpretation of a specific requirementsuitable for general understanding anduse, not as a request for approval of aproprietary design or situation. The in-quirer also may include any plans ordrawings that are necessary to explainthe question; however

46、, they should notcontain proprietary names orinformation.Requests that are not in this format will be rewrittenin this format by the Committee before being answered,ixwhich may inadvertently change the intent of the origi-nal request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of anyinterpretation w

47、hen or if additional information thatmight affect an interpretation is available. Further, per-sons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to thecognizant ASME committee or subcommittee. ASMEdoes not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” anyitem, construction, proprietary device, or activity

48、.INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKxASME PASE-2014SAFETY STANDARD FOR PORTABLE AUTOMOTIVE SERVICEEQUIPMENTPart 1Introduction1-1 SCOPEThe scope of this Standard is the standardization ofsafety and performance requirements for portable auto-motiveserviceequipment(PASE)including,butnotlim-ited to, the following:

49、(a) attachments, adapters, and accessories(b) hydraulic hand jacks(c) transmission jacks(d) engine stands(e) vehicle support stands(f) emergency tire-changing jacks(g) mobile lifts(h) service jacks(i) wheel dollies(j) shop cranes(k) auxiliary stands(l) automotive ramps(m) high-reach supplementary stands(n) forklift jacks(o) vehicle transport lifts(p) vehicle-moving dollies(q) wheel lift jacks(r) shop presses(s) oil filter crushers(t) strut spring compressors(u) oil and antifreeze handlers(v) portable hydraulic power kitsThisStandardincludesrequirementsforsafety,health,design, pro