ASME MFC-1M-2003 Glossary of Terms used in the Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes (MFC-1M - 2003)《管道中液体流量测量用术语汇编》.pdf

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1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME MFC-1M2003Revision of ASME MFC-1M1991 (R1997)GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN THEMEASUREMENT OFFLUID FLOW IN PIPESIntentionally left blank AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDGLOSSARY OF TERMSUSED IN THEMEASUREMENT OFFLUID FLOW IN PIPESASME MFC-1M2003Revision of ASME MFC-1M1991 (

2、R1997)Date of Issuance: November 10, 2003The 2003 edition of this Standard is being issued with an automatic addenda subscription service.The use of addenda allows revisions made in response to public review comments or committeeactions to be published as necessary. This Standard will be revised whe

3、n the Society approves theissuance of a new edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http:/www.asme.org/codes/ as they are issued.ASME is the regis

4、tered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and

5、 concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or

6、 “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfr

7、ingement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency r

8、epresentative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precl

9、udes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyri

10、ght 2003 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivStandards Committee Roster . vCorrespondence With the MFC Committee vi1 General 12 General Terms in Fluid Mechanics 13 Uncertainties . 54 General Terms Related to Flowmeters 105 Quantity Met

11、er . 116 Rate Meter . 137 Other Types of Meters 22Figures1 Bias in a Random Process . 62 Correlation Coefficients . 73 Examples of Rotary Displacement Meters 114 Piston Provers 125 Bell Prover . 136 Liquid Displacement System 147 Piezometer Ring 148 Orifice Plates . 159 Nozzles 1610 Classical Ventur

12、i Tube. 1611 Sonic Venturi Nozzle: Smith and Maltz Type. 1712 Sonic Venturi Nozzle: LMEF Type . 1713 Primary and Secondary at Same Elevation, Preferred Installation . 2014 Three Valve Manifold, Schematic 2115 Details, Block Valve Interference. 2216 Principle of Operation of the Cross-Correlation Ult

13、rasonic Meter . 2317 Principle of Operation of the Doppler Ultrasonic Meter 2318 Example of a K Factor Curve 23Table1 Symbols 2IndexesNumerical . 25Alphabetical . 28iiiFOREWORDThe greatest aid to communications, whether verbal or written, is a common vocabulary. Evenwithin a single technical discipl

14、ine, the same word can have different meanings to differentpeople. In order to help overcome this obstacle in the field of fluid flow measurement, thisdocument consists of a collection of terms and their definitions so that a common base of referenceis available we can speak a common language.In the

15、 preparation of this Standard, an attempt has been made to standardize suitable termsand not to perpetuate unsuitable ones merely because they have been used in the past. Self-evident and irrelevant terms have been excluded, as have those terms that are unique to methodsof measurement not widely use

16、d in the United States. Also, excluded from this document arethose terms that have special meaning only to a particular meter type, and those terms that referto the analysis of the final measurement.The draft for international standard vocabulary and symbols concerning the measurement offluid flow i

17、n closed conduits prepared by ISO/TC30/SC6 has been used as the basic referencesource. In addition, many other reference sources, both national and international, were usedin order to make this glossary as useful as possible to a broad segment of the measurementcommunity.The first edition of this St

18、andard was approved by the American National Standards Instituteon October 15, 1979. It was subsequently reaffirmed, without change, on August 7, 1986.The previous edition of this Standard was approved by the American National StandardsInstitute (ANSI) on March 27, 1991. It was subsequently reaffirm

19、ed, without change, on April22, 1997.Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. They should be sent to Secretary,ASME MFC Standards Committee, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.This edition of the Standard was approved by the American National Standards Institute onSeptember

20、10, 2003.ivASME MFC COMMITTEEMeasurement of Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSZ. D. Husain, ChairR. J. DeBoom, Vice ChairR. L. Crane, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELC. J. Blechinger,

21、 ConsultantR. W. Caron, Visteon Corp.G. P. Corpron, ConsultantR. L. Crane, Secretary, The American Society of MechanicalEngineersR. J. DeBoom, Vice Chair, ConsultantP. G. Espina, Controlotron Corp.D. Faber, Badger Meter, Inc.R. H. Fritz, Saudi AramcoF. D. Goodson, Daniel Measurement and ControlZ. D.

22、 Husain, Chair, ChevronTexacoE. H. Jones, Jr., Alternate, ChevronTexacoC. G. Langford, Cullen G. Langford, Inc.W. M. Mattar, Invensys/Foxboro Co.SUBCOMMITTEE1GLOSSARYOFTERMSZ. D. Husain, Chair, ChevronTexacoR. L. Crane, Secretary, The American Society of MechanicalEngineersF. D. Goodson, Daniel Meas

23、urement and ControlvG. E. Mattingly, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyD. R. Mesnard, Direct Measurement Corp.R. W. Miller, R. W. Miller and Associates, Inc.A. M. Quraishi, American Gas AssociationB. K. Rao, ConsultantW. F. Seidl, Colorado Engineering Experiment Station, Inc.T. M. Kegel,

24、 Alternate, Colorado Engineering Experiment Station,Inc.D. W. Spitzer, Copperhill and Pointer, Inc.R. N. Steven, McCrometerD. H. Strobel, ConsultantJ. H. Vignos, ConsultantD. E. Wiklund, Rosemount, Inc.D. C. Wyatt, Wyatt EngineeringG. E. Mattingly, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyR. N.

25、 Steven, McCrometerD. E. Wiklund, Rosemount, Inc.D. C. Wyatt, Wyatt EngineeringCORRESPONDENCE WITH THE MFC COMMITTEEGeneral. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to representthe consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with theCommittee by

26、 requesting interpretations, proposing revisions, and attending committeemeetings. Correspondence should be addressed to:Secretary, MFC Standards CommitteeThe American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5990Proposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the S

27、tandard to incorporatechanges that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained fromthe application of the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically.The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals shouldbe as specific as po

28、ssible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and adetailed description of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation.Interpretations. Upon request, the MFC Committee will render an interpretation ofany requirement of the Standard. Interpretations can only be

29、 rendered in response to awritten request sent to the Secretary of the MFC Standards Committee.The request for interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. It is further recom-mended that the inquirer submit his/her request in the following format:Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s)

30、and the topic of the inquiry.Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the Standard for which the interpretationis being requested.Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specificrequirement suitable for general understanding and use, not as a requestfor an approval of a

31、proprietary design or situation. The inquirer mayalso include any plans or drawings that are necessary to explain thequestion; however, they should not contain proprietary names or infor-mation.Requests that are not in this format will be rewritten in this format by the Committeeprior to being answe

32、red, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additionalinformation that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved byan interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME

33、Committee or Subcommittee. ASMEdoes not “approve,”“certify,”“rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietarydevice, or activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The MFC Committee regularly holds meetings, whichare open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secr

34、etaryof the MFC Standards Committee.viASME MFC-1M2003GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN THE MEASUREMENT OFFLUID FLOW IN PIPES1 GENERAL1.1 ScopeThis Standard consists of a collection of definitionsof those terms that pertain to the measurement of fluidflow in pipes. Only those terms of general usage havebeen

35、included. Terms having unique meaning whenapplied to specific meters should be included in a glos-sary within the specific flowmeter standard.1.2 OrganizationThis Standard is organized so that all of the termspeculiar to a particular method of fluid measurementare collected together in a separate se

36、ction. Terms per-taining to basic fluid flow concepts and properties aredefined in para. 2. Terms pertaining to the estimate ofuncertainty of a flow rate measurement are defined inpara. 3. General terms applying to flowmeters aredefined in para. 4. Terms relating to specific types offlowmeters are d

37、efined in paras. 5, 6, and 7. Symbolsnormally applied to various quantities are tabulated inTable 1.1.3 ReferencesThis Standard was compiled from many sources,including various reports and standards from The Amer-ican Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), TheAmerican Gas Association (AGA), the Ame

38、rican Petro-leum Institute (API), the Instrument Society of America(ISA), the British Standards Institute (BSI), and the Inter-national Organization for Standardization (ISO).2 GENERAL TERMS IN FLUID MECHANICS2.1 Base PressureA specified reference pressure to which a fluid volumeat flowing condition

39、s is reduced for the purpose of bill-ing and transfer accounting. It is generally taken as14.73 psia (101.560 kPa) by the gas industry in the UnitedStates.2.2 Base TemperatureA specified reference temperature to which a fluidvolume at flowing conditions is reduced for the purposeof billing and trans

40、fer accounting. It is generally takenas 60F (15.56C) by the gas industry in the UnitedStates.12.3 Base VolumeVolume of a fluid at base pressure and temperature.2.4 CavitationThe implosion of vapor bubbles formed after flashingwhen the local pressure rises above the vapor pressureof the liquid. See a

41、lso flashing (para. 2.8).2.5 Coanda EffectEffect that occurs when a jet of fluid adheres to anearby solid surface.2.6 Doppler EffectApparent change in the frequency of radiation due torelative motion between a primary or secondary sourceand the observer.2.7 Dynamic PressureThe increase in pressure a

42、bove the static pressure thatresults from the complete isentropic transformation ofthe kinetic energy of the fluid into potential energy. Itis equal to the product12H9267v2, where H9267 is the fluid densityand v is the fluid velocity.2.8 FlashingThe formation of vapor bubbles in a liquid when theloc

43、al pressure falls to or below the vapor pressure of theliquid, often due to local lowering of pressure becauseof an increase in the liquid velocity. See also cavitation(para. 2.4).2.9 Flow ConditionerGeneral term used to describe any one of a variety ofdevices intended to reduce swirl and/or to regu

44、late thevelocity profile.2.9.1 Flow Straightener. Flow conditioner inserted ina pipe to eliminate or reduce swirl.2.9.2 Profile Regulator. Flow conditioner inserted ina pipe to reduce the straight length required to achievefully developed velocity distribution.2.10 Flow RateThe quantity of fluid flo

45、wing through a cross sectionof a pipe per unit of time.ASME MFC-1M2003 GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN THE MEASUREMENTOF FLUID FLOW IN PIPESTable 1 SymbolsDimensions CorrespondingQuantity Symbol Note (1) SI UnitsFluid MechanicsArea of venturi nozzle throat A* L2m2Radial acceleration arLT2m/sec2Transverse

46、acceleration atLT2m/sec2Discharge coefficient, C p H9251/EC. .Mechanical stiffness spring constant CMT2kg/sec2Real gas critical flow coefficient for one-dimensional real gas flow CR.Critical flow function for one-dimensional isentropic flow of a real CRi. .gasCritical flow function for one-dimension

47、al isentropic flow of a C*i. .perfect gasConcentration of the tracer Note (2) cML2kg/m3Specific heat capacity at constant pressure cpL2T2H90081J/(Kkg)Specific heat capacity at constant volume cvL2T2H90081J/(Kkg)Diameter, under operating conditions: DLm of the circular cross section of the conduit of

48、 the measuring conduit upstream of an orifice plate ornozzle of the inlet cylinder of a classical venturi tubeOrifice diameter or throat of primary elements at operating dLmconditions or diameter of the head of a Pitot tubeVelocity of approach factor, E p (1 H92524)1/2E . .Coriolis force FcMLT2Kg/se

49、c2Natural frequency fRT11/secAcceleration of gravity gL2m/s2Equivalent uniform roughness kLmLength lLmMolecular mass MMkg/kgmoleMach number Ma (or M) . .Total oscillating mass mMkgOscillating mass of measuring tube(s) mtM kgOscillating mass of fluid within the tube(s) mflM kgDilution rate (or ratio) N . .Number of cyles Nc. .Absolute stagnation pressure of the gas at nozzle inlet PoML1T2PaAbsolute static pressure of the fluid pML1T2PaMass flow rate qmMT1kg/sVolume flow rate qvL3T1m3/sRadius RLmUniversal gas constant2T2H90081J/(kgmoleK)