ASME B31 4-2006 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids (B31 4 - 2006)《液烃和其他液体用管道输送系统》.pdf

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1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDPipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other LiquidsASME B31.4-2006(Revision of ASME B31.4-2002)ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitt

2、ed without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B31.4-2006(Revision of ASME B31.4-2002)PipelineTransportationSystems for LiquidHydrocarbons andOther LiquidsASME CODE FOR PRESSURE PIPING, B31AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under licen

3、se with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: October 20, 2006Mandatory Date: April 20, 2007The next Edition of this Code is scheduled for publication in 2009. There will be no addenda issuedto this edition.ASME issues written repli

4、es to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of the Code.Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http:/www.asme.org/codes/ as they are issued.The user of the Code will note that metric equivalents of U.S. Customary units appear in many place

5、sin this Code. The values stated in U.S. Customary units are to be regarded as the standard, unlessotherwise agreed between the contracting parties.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meet

6、ing the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comm

7、ent that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any

8、patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determi

9、nation of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or sta

10、ndard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations issued in accordance with the established ASME proceduresand policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise

11、,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2006 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license wit

12、h ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword ixPersonnel xiIntroduction . xivSummary of Changes xviChapter I Scope and Definitions400 General Statements 1400.1 Scope . 1400.2 Definitions 4Figures400.1.1 Diagram Showing Scope of ASME B31.4

13、 Excluding Carbon DioxidePipeline Systems (See Fig. 400.1.2) . 2400.1.2 Diagram Showing Scope of ASME B31.4 for Carbon DioxidePipeline Systems 3Chapter II DesignPart 1 Conditions and Criteria . 7401 Design Conditions . 7401.1 General . 7401.2 Pressure . 7401.3 Temperature . 7401.4 Ambient Influences

14、 7401.5 Dynamic Effects . 7401.6 Weight Effects . 7401.7 Thermal Expansion and Contraction Loads . 7401.8 Relative Movement of Connected Components . 8402 Design Criteria 8402.1 General . 8402.2 PressureTemperature Ratings for Piping Components 8402.3 Allowable Stresses and Other Stress Limits . 840

15、2.4 Allowances 11402.5 Fracture Propagation in Carbon Dioxide Pipelines 11402.6 Use of High D/t Ratio . 11Part 2 Pressure Design of Piping Components . 12403 Criteria for Pressure Design of Piping Components . 12404 Pressure Design of Components 13404.1 Straight Pipe 13404.2 Curved Segments of Pipe

16、13404.3 Intersections . 13404.5 Pressure Design of Flanges 21404.6 Reducers 21404.7 Pressure Design of Other Pressure Containing Components . 21Part 3 Design Applications of Piping Components Selection andLimitations . 21405 Pipe . 21405.2 Metallic Pipe 21406 Fittings, Elbows, Bends, and Intersectio

17、ns 22406.1 Fittings 22iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-406.2 Bends, Miters, and Elbows . 22406.3 Couplings . 22406.4 Reductions 22406.5 Intersections . 22406.6 Closures 23407 Val

18、ves . 23407.1 General . 23407.8 Special Valves . 23408 Flanges, Facings, Gaskets, and Bolting . 23408.1 Flanges . 23408.3 Flange Facings 24408.4 Gaskets . 24408.5 Bolting 24409 Used Piping Components and Equipment 24Part 4 Selection and Limitation of Piping Joints . 24411 Welded Joints . 24411.2 But

19、t Welds 24412 Flanged Joints . 25412.1 General . 25414 Threaded Joints . 25414.1 General . 25418 Sleeve, Coupled, and Other Patented Joints 25418.1 General . 25Part 5 Expansion, Flexibility, Structural Attachments, Supports, andRestraints . 25419 Expansion and Flexibility 25419.1 General . 25419.5 F

20、lexibility . 25419.6 Properties . 25419.7 Analysis 26420 Loads on Pipe Supporting Elements 26420.1 General . 26421 Design of Pipe Supporting Elements . 26421.1 Supports, Braces, and Anchors . 26Part 6 Auxiliary and Other Specific Piping 30422 Design Requirements 30422.2 Directionally Drilled Crossin

21、gs . 30422.3 Instrument and Other Auxiliary Liquid Petroleum or LiquidAnhydrous Ammonia Piping 30422.6 Pressure Disposal Piping . 30422.7 Other Piping 30Figures404.3.1(b)(3) Reinforced Extruded Outlets . 15404.3.1(c)(1) Welding Details for Openings With Complete Encirclement Types ofReinforcement .

22、16404.3.1(c)(2) Welding Details for Openings With Localized TypeReinforcement . 17404.3.1(c)(3) Welding Details for Openings Without Reinforcement OtherThan That in Header and Branch Walls 18404.3.1(d)(2) Reinforcement of Branch Connections 20419.6.4(c) Flexibility Factor k and Stress Intensificatio

23、n Factor i . 27Tables402.3.1(a) Tabulation of Examples of Allowable Stresses for Reference Usein Piping Systems Within the Scope of This Code 9402.4.3 Weld Joint Factor E 12ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted wi

24、thout license from IHS-,-,-404.3.1(c) Design Criteria for Welded Branch Connections 18Chapter III Materials423 Materials General Requirements . 31423.1 Acceptable Materials and Specifications 31423.2 Limitations on Materials . 31425 Materials Applied to Miscellaneous Parts 34425.3 Gaskets . 34425.4

25、Bolting 34Table423.1 Material Standards 32Chapter IV Dimensional Requirements426 Dimensional Requirements for Standard and Nonstandard PipingComponents 35426.1 Standard Piping Components 35426.2 Nonstandard Piping Components 35426.3 Threads . 35Table426.1 Dimensional Standards 36Chapter V Constructi

26、on, Welding, and Assembly434 Construction 37434.1 General . 37434.2 Qualifications . 37434.3 Right-of-Way 37434.4 Handling, Hauling, Stringing, and Storing 37434.5 Damage to Fabricated Items and Pipe 37434.6 Ditching 38434.7 Bends, Miters, and Elbows . 38434.8 Welding . 39434.9 Tie-In . 46434.10 Ins

27、tallation of Pipe in the Ditch 46434.11 Backfilling . 46434.12 Restoration of Right-of-Way and Cleanup 46434.13 Special Crossings 46434.14 Inland Coastal Water Construction . 47434.15 Block and Isolating Valves . 47434.16 Connections to Main Lines . 48434.17 Scraper Traps 48434.18 Line Markers 48434

28、.19 Corrosion Control . 49434.20 Pump Station, Tank Farm, and Terminal Construction 49434.21 Storage and Working Tankage . 49434.22 Electrical Installations . 50434.23 Liquid Metering . 50434.24 Liquid Strainers and Filters 50435 Assembly of Piping Components . 51435.1 General . 51435.2 Bolting Proc

29、edure . 51435.3 Pumping Unit Piping 51435.4 Manifolds . 51435.5 Auxiliary Liquid Petroleum, Carbon Dioxide, Liquid AnhydrousAmmonia, or Liquid Alcohol Piping . 51Figures434.8.6(a)-(1) Acceptable Butt Welded Joint Design for Equal Wall Thicknesses 42vCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under

30、 license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-434.8.6(a)-(2) Acceptable Butt Welded Joint Design for Unequal WallThicknesses . 43434.8.6(b) Recommended Attachment Details of Flanges 45Table434.6(a) Minimum Cover for Buried Pipelines 39Chapter V

31、I Inspection and Testing436 Inspection . 52436.1 General . 52436.2 Qualification of Inspectors . 52436.5 Type and Extent of Examination Required 52436.6 Repair of Defects 53437 Testing 53437.1 General . 53437.4 Test Pressure 53437.6 Qualification Tests . 54437.7 Records . 55Chapter VII Operation and

32、 Maintenance Procedures450 Operation and Maintenance Procedures Affecting the Safety ofLiquid Transportation Piping Systems . 56450.1 General . 56450.2 Operation and Maintenance Plans and Procedures 56451 Pipeline Operation and Maintenance . 57451.1 Operating Pressure 57451.2 Communications 57451.3

33、Line Markers and Signs 57451.4 Right-of-Way Maintenance . 57451.5 Patrolling . 57451.6 Pipeline Integrity Assessments and Repairs . 57451.8 Valve Maintenance 65451.9 Railroads and Highways Crossing Existing Pipelines . 65451.10 Inland Waters Platform Risers . 66451.11 Leak Detection 66452 Pump Stati

34、on, Terminal, and Tank Farm Operation andMaintenance 66452.1 General . 66452.2 Controls and Protective Equipment 67452.3 Storage Vessels 67452.4 Storage of Combustible Materials 67452.5 Fencing . 67452.6 Signs 67452.7 Prevention of Accidental Ignition 67453 Corrosion Control . 67454 Emergency Plan .

35、 67455 Records . 68456 Qualifying a Piping System for a Higher Operating Pressure 68457 Abandoning a Piping System 69Figures451.6.2(a)(2)(d)(1) Type I Interaction . 60451.6.2(a)(2)(d)(2) Type II Interaction . 60Tables451.6.2(b)-1 Acceptable Pipeline Repair Methods (Nonindented,Nonwrinkled, and Nonbu

36、ckled Pipe) 62451.6.2(b)-2 Acceptable Pipeline Repair Methods for Dents, Buckles, Ripples,Wrinkles, Leaking Couplings, and Defective Prior Repairs 64viCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,

37、-,-Chapter VIII Corrosion Control460 General . 70461 External Corrosion Control for Buried or Submerged Pipelines 70461.1 New Installations 70461.2 Existing Piping Systems . 72461.3 Monitoring 72462 Internal Corrosion Control . 73462.1 New Installations 73462.2 Existing Piping Systems . 73462.3 Moni

38、toring 73463 External Corrosion Control for Piping Exposed to Atmosphere 73463.1 New Installations 73463.2 Existing Piping Systems . 73463.3 Monitoring 73464 Corrective Measures . 73465 Records . 74Chapter IX Offshore Liquid Pipeline SystemsA400 General Statements 75A400.1 Scope . 75A400.2 Definitio

39、ns 75A401 Design Conditions . 76A401.1 General . 76A401.9 Installation Design Considerations . 76A401.10 Operational Design Considerations 77A401.11 Hydrostatic Test Design Considerations 77A401.12 Route Selection Considerations 78A402 Design Criteria 78A402.3 Allowable Stresses and Other Stress Lim

40、its . 78A402.4 Allowances 82A404 Pressure Design of Components 82A404.1 Straight Pipe 82A404.3 Intersections . 82A405 Pipe . 82A405.2 Metallic Pipe 82A405.3 Flexible Pipe 83A406 Fittings, Elbows, Bends, and Intersections 83A406.2 Bends, Miters, and Elbows . 83A406.4 Reductions 83A406.6 Closures 83A4

41、07 Valves . 83A407.1 General . 83A408 Flanges, Facings, Gaskets, and Bolting . 83A408.1 Flanges . 83A408.3 Flange Facings 83A409 Used Piping Components and Equipment 83A410 Other Design Considerations 83A410.1 Pigs and Internal Inspection Tools . 83A410.2 Special Components . 83A414 Threaded Joints

42、. 83A414.1 General . 83A419 Expansion and Flexibility 83A421 Design of Pipe-Supporting Elements . 83A423 Materials General Requirements . 84A423.1 Acceptable Materials and Specifications 84A423.2 Limitations on Materials . 84A434 Construction 84viiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under l

43、icense with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-A434.2 Inspection . 84A434.3 Right-of-Way 84A434.6 Ditching 84A434.7 Bends, Miters, and Elbows . 84A434.8 Welding . 84A434.11 Backfilling . 85A434.13 Special Crossings 85A434.14 Offshore Pipeline Cons

44、truction . 85A434.15 Block and Isolating Valves . 85A434.18 Line Markers 85A436 Inspection . 85A436.2 Qualification of Inspectors . 85A436.5 Type and Extent of Examination Required 85A437 Testing 85A437.1 General . 85A437.4 Test Pressure 86A437.6 Qualification Tests . 86A437.7 Records . 86A450 Opera

45、tion and Maintenance Procedures Affecting the Safety ofLiquid Transportation Piping Systems . 86A450.2 Operation and Maintenance Plans and Procedures 86A451 Pipeline Operation and Maintenance . 86A451.3 Markers . 86A451.4 Right-of-Way Maintenance . 86A451.5 Patrolling . 86A451.6 Pipeline Repairs . 8

46、6A451.7 Derating a Pipeline to a Lower Operating Pressure . 87A451.8 Valve Maintenance 87A451.9 Railroads and Highways Crossing Existing Pipelines . 87A451.10 Offshore Pipeline Risers . 87A451.11 Inspection . 87A452 Offshore Platform, Pump Station, Terminal, and Tank FarmOperation and Maintenance .

47、87A452.5 Fencing . 87A452.7 Prevention of Accidental Ignition 87A454 Emergency Plan . 87A460 General . 88A461 External Corrosion Control for Offshore Submerged Pipelines . 88A461.1 New Installations 88A461.3 Monitoring 89A463 External Corrosion Control for Offshore Piping Systems Exposed toAtmospher

48、ic Conditions . 89A463.1 New Installations 89TableA402.3.5(a) Design Factors for Offshore Pipeline Systems . 80Nonmandatory AppendicesA Referenced Standards 91B Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the B31 Pressure PipingCommittee 94C Publications That Do Not Appear in the Code or NonmandatoryAppendi

49、x A But May Be Of Informational Benefit 96Index 97viiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORDThe need for a national code for pressure piping became increasingly evident from 1915 to1925. To meet this need th