ASME B31 12-2011 B31 12 - 2011 Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines (B31 12 - 2011)《氢气管道和管线》.pdf

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1、Hydrogen Piping and PipelinesASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B31.12-2011 (Revision of ASME B31.12-2008) Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyrig

2、ht ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B31.12-2011(Revision of ASME B31.12-2008)Hydrogen Pipingand PipelinesASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue

3、New York, NY 10016 USACopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: March 15, 2012The next edition of this Code is scheduled for publication in 2014. This Code will become effe

4、ctive6 months after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Code.Interpretations, Code Cases, and errata are published on the ASME Web site under the CommitteePages at http:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued.Errata to c

5、odes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstool

6、s.asme.org/. There is an option available toautomatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademar

7、k of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned int

8、erests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any

9、 item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of an

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11、s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issua

12、nce of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2012 byTHE

13、 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword ixCommittee Roster . xASME B31.12-2011 Summary of Chan

14、ges . xiiiPART GR GENERAL REQUIREMENTSChapter GR-1 Scope and DefinitionsGR-1.1 Scope 1GR-1.2 Responsibilities 1GR-1.3 Intent of the Code . 2GR-1.4 Packaged Equipment Requirements . 2GR-1.5 Terms and Definitions 2GR-1.6 B31.12 Appendices . 11GR-1.7 Nomenclature 12Chapter GR-2 MaterialsGR-2.1 General

15、Requirements 13GR-2.2 Joining and Auxiliary Materials 27Chapter GR-3 Welding, Brazing, Heat Treating, Forming, and TestingGR-3.1 General 28GR-3.2 Welding and Brazing . 28GR-3.3 Welding and Brazing Materials . 31GR-3.4 Construction of Weldments . 31GR-3.5 Preheating for Weldments 44GR-3.6 Heat Treatm

16、ent 44GR-3.7 Specific and Alternative Heat Treat Requirements . 47GR-3.8 Construction of Brazements 47GR-3.9 Forming of Pipe Components 50GR-3.10 Testing 50Chapter GR-4 Inspection, Examination, and TestingGR-4.1 General 51GR-4.2 Inspection . 51GR-4.3 Examination . 51GR-4.4 Personnel Qualification an

17、d Certification . 52GR-4.5 Extent of Required Examination and Testing 53GR-4.6 Acceptance Criteria 53GR-4.7 Supplementary Examination . 53GR-4.8 Examinations to Resolve Uncertainty . 53GR-4.9 Defective Components and Workmanship 53GR-4.10 Progressive Sampling for Examination 53GR-4.11 Testing 53GR-4

18、.12 Records 53GR-4.13 NDE Definitions . 53Chapter GR-5 Operation and MaintenanceGR-5.1 General 55GR-5.2 Operation and Maintenance Plan . 55GR-5.3 Maintenance Requirements . 57GR-5.4 Leakage Surveys . 59GR-5.5 Repair Procedures 59GR-5.6 Injurious Dents and Mechanical Damage . 59iiiCopyright ASME Inte

19、rnational Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GR-5.7 Permanent Repair of Welds With Defects . 61GR-5.8 Permanent Field Repair of Leaks and Nonleaking Corroded Areas . 61GR-5.9 Permanent Field Repair of Hydrogen St

20、ress Cracking in Hard Spotsand Stress Corrosion Cracking . 61GR-5.10 Testing and Examination of Repairs 61GR-5.11 Valve Maintenance . 61GR-5.12 Transmission Pipeline Maintenance . 62GR-5.13 Abandoning of Transmission Facilities 63GR-5.14 Decommissioning of Transmission Facilities . 63GR-5.15 Recommi

21、ssioning of Transmission Facilities . 63GR-5.16 Repositioning a Pipeline in Service . 63GR-5.17 Testing for Integrity Assessment of In-Service Pipelines . 64GR-5.18 Distribution Pipeline Maintenance 65GR-5.19 Leakage Surveys . 65GR-5.20 Leakage Investigation and Action 65GR-5.21 Repair, Testing, and

22、 Examination of Mains Operating at Hoop StressLevels at or Above 30% of the Specified Minimum Yield Strength . 66GR-5.22 Requirements for Abandoning, Disconnecting, and ReinstatingDistribution Facilities 66GR-5.23 Maintenance of Specific Facilities . 67Chapter GR-6 Quality System Program for Hydroge

23、n Piping and Pipeline SystemsGR-6.1 Quality System Program . 69GR-6.2 Quality Manual 69GR-6.3 Quality System Functions 69FiguresGR-2.1.2-1 Minimum Temperatures Without Impact Testing for Carbon SteelMaterials 20GR-2.1.2-2 Reduction in Minimum Design Metal Temperature Without ImpactTesting 22GR-3.4.3

24、-1 Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt With ExtendedLand 33GR-3.4.3-2 Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Square Butt Weld 33GR-3.4.3-3 Unequal Pipe Component Thicknesses, Thicker Components Bored forAlignment . 33GR-3.4.3-4 Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt, Open Root

25、33GR-3.4.3-5 Unequal Pipe Component Thicknesses, Thicker Components Taper-Boredto Align . 34GR-3.4.3-6 Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt, Continuous FlatBacking Ring 34GR-3.4.3-7 Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt, ContinuousTapered Backing Ring 34GR-3.4.3-8 Geom

26、etry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt, ConsumableInsert . 35GR-3.4.3-9 Preparation and Alignment of Pipe Branch to Pipe HeaderConnection 35GR-3.4.4-1 Geometry of Weld Deposit Single Vee Groove Butt, Open Root 36GR-3.4.4-2 Geometry of Weld Deposit Root Single Vee Groove Butt WithExtended L

27、and (Without Filler Metal) 36GR-3.4.4-3 Geometry of Weld Deposit Square Butt End (Without Filler Metal) 36GR-3.4.5-1 Welding End Transition Maximum Envelope . 37GR-3.4.6-1 Geometry of Weld Deposit Single Vee Groove Butt, Open Root WithConcavity . 39GR-3.4.7-1 Fillet Weld Size 39GR-3.4.7-2 Typical De

28、tails for Double-Welded Slip-On Flanges . 40GR-3.4.7-3 Minimum Welding Dimensions for Socket Welding Components toPipe Including Fit-Up Detail . 40ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,

29、-GR-3.4.9-1 Typical Welded Branch Connections 41GR-3.4.9-2 Acceptable Details for Pipe Branch Attachment Welds 42GR-3.4.9-3 Acceptable Detail for Branch Connection of Pipe Fitting 43GR-3.4.9-4 Acceptable Details for Branch Attachment Suitable for 100%Radiography 43GR-3.8-1 Joints for Tubular Compone

30、nts . 48TablesGR-2.1.1-1 Material Specification Index for Piping and Pipe Components . 14GR-2.1.1-2 Material Specification Index for Pipelines . 17GR-2.1.2-1 Requirements for Low Temperature Toughness Tests for Metals . 19GR-2.1.2-2 Tabular Values for Minimum Temperatures Without Impact Testingfor C

31、arbon Steel Materials . 21GR-2.1.3-1 Impact Testing Requirements for Metals 23GR-2.1.3-2 Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction 24GR-2.1.3-3 Minimum Required Charpy V-Notch Impact Values . 25GR-3.4.6-1 Weld Reinforcement 38GR-3.5-1 Preheat Temperatures 45GR-3.6.1-1 Requirements for Postweld Heat T

32、reatment of Weldments . 45PART IP INDUSTRIAL PIPINGChapter IP-1 Scope and ResponsibilitiesIP-1.1 Scope 72IP-1.2 Responsibilities 72IP-1.3 Intent 72IP-1.4 Determining Code Requirements . 72Chapter IP-2 Design Conditions and CriteriaIP-2.1 Design Conditions . 73IP-2.2 Design Criteria 74Chapter IP-3 Pr

33、essure Design of Piping ComponentsIP-3.1 General 81IP-3.2 Straight Pipe . 81IP-3.3 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe 82IP-3.4 Branch Connections 83IP-3.5 Closures . 89IP-3.6 Pressure Design of Flanges and Blanks . 89IP-3.7 Reducers 90IP-3.8 Pressure Design of Other Components 90Chapter IP-4 Servic

34、e Requirements for Piping ComponentsIP-4.1 Valves and Specialty Components 92IP-4.2 Bolting and Tapped Holes for Components . 92Chapter IP-5 Service Requirements for Piping JointsIP-5.1 Scope 93IP-5.2 Welded Joints 93IP-5.3 Flanged Joints . 93IP-5.4 Expanded Joints . 94IP-5.5 Threaded Joints 95IP-5.

35、6 Caulked Joints . 95IP-5.7 Brazed and Soldered Joints . 95IP-5.8 Special Joints 96Chapter IP-6 Flexibility and SupportIP-6.1 Flexibility of Piping 97IP-6.2 Piping Supports . 102vCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitte

36、d without license from IHS-,-,-Chapter IP-7 Specific Piping SystemsIP-7.1 Instrument Piping 105IP-7.2 Pressure-Relieving Systems . 105Chapter IP-8 Dimensions and Ratings of ComponentsIP-8.1 Dimensional Requirements . 106IP-8.2 Ratings of Components 106IP-8.3 Reference Documents 106Chapter IP-9 Fabri

37、cation, Erection, and AssemblyIP-9.1 General 108IP-9.2 Responsibility 108IP-9.3 Content and Coverage . 108IP-9.4 Packaged Equipment Piping 108IP-9.5 Exclusions . 108IP-9.6 Fabrication and Erection . 108IP-9.7 Construction of Weldments . 109IP-9.8 Preheating for Weldments 109IP-9.9 Heat Treatment 109

38、IP-9.10 Specific and Alternative Heat Treatment Requirements 109IP-9.11 Construction of Brazements 109IP-9.12 Bending and Forming of Pipe and Tube 109IP-9.13 Assembly and Erection . 110IP-9.14 Threaded Joints 110IP-9.15 Tubing Joints 110IP-9.16 Expanded Joints and Special Joints . 111IP-9.17 Pipe At

39、tachments and Supports 111IP-9.18 Cleaning of Piping . 111Chapter IP-10 Inspection, Examination, and TestingIP-10.1 Scope 112IP-10.2 Responsibility 112IP-10.3 Inspections by Owners Inspector 112IP-10.4 Examination Requirements . 112IP-10.5 Testing 117IP-10.6 Hydrostatic Leak Test 118IP-10.7 Pneumati

40、c Leak Test . 119IP-10.8 HydrostaticPneumatic Leak Test . 119IP-10.9 Sensitive Leak Test . 119IP-10.10 Alternative Leak Test 119IP-10.11 Mechanical and Metallurgical Testing . 120IP-10.12 Records of Testing . 120FiguresIP-3.3.1-1 Nomenclature for Pipe Bends 82IP-3.3.3-1 Nomenclature for Miter Bends

41、. 82IP-3.4.2-1 Branch Connection Nomenclature 85IP-3.4.3-1 Extruded Outlet Header Nomenclature . 87IP-3.6.3-1 Blanks . 90IP-6.1.5-1 Moments in Bends . 100IP-6.1.5-2 Moments in Branch Connections . 101IP-9.14-1 Typical Threaded Joints Using Straight Threads . 111TablesIP-2.2.8-1 Increased Casting Qua

42、lity Factors, Ec. 77IP-2.2.8-2 Acceptance Levels for Castings . 77IP-2.2.9-1 Longitudinal Weld Joint Quality Factor, Ej78IP-3.2-1 Values of Coefficient Y for t D/6 . 81IP-3.5-1 ASME BPV Code Section VIII, Division 1 References for Closures . 89viCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under lic

43、ense with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-IP-8.1.1-1 Component Standards . 107IP-9.6.3-1 Hardness Testing Acceptance Criteria 108IP-10.4.2-1 Required Nondestructive Examinations . 113IP-10.4.3-1 Acceptance Criteria for Weldments and Methods for

44、 Evaluating WeldImperfections 114IP-10.4.3-2 Hardness Testing Acceptance Criteria for Weldments . 115IP-10.4.3-3 Criterion Value Notes for Table IP-10.4.3-1 115PART PL PIPELINESChapter PL-1 Scope and ExclusionsPL-1.1 Scope 121PL-1.2 Content and Coverage . 121PL-1.3 Exclusions . 121Chapter PL-2 Pipel

45、ine Systems Components and Fabrication DetailsPL-2.1 Purpose . 122PL-2.2 Piping System Components 122PL-2.3 Reinforcement of Fabricated Branch Connections 124PL-2.4 Multiple Openings and Extruded Outlets . 125PL-2.5 Expansion and Flexibility 126PL-2.6 Design for Longitudinal Stress . 127PL-2.7 Suppo

46、rts and Anchorage for Exposed Piping . 129PL-2.8 Anchorage for Buried Piping . 130Chapter PL-3 Design, Installation, and TestingPL-3.1 Provisions for Design 131PL-3.2 Buildings Intended for Human Occupancy . 131PL-3.3 Considerations Necessary for Concentrations of People in LocationClass 1 or 2 . 13

47、2PL-3.4 Intent 132PL-3.5 Risk Assessment . 132PL-3.6 Location Class and Changes in Number of Buildings Intended forHuman Occupancy 133PL-3.7 Steel Pipeline 135PL-3.8 Hot Taps 141PL-3.9 Precautions to Prevent Combustion of HydrogenAir Mixtures DuringConstruction Operations . 141PL-3.10 Testing After

48、Construction . 142PL-3.11 Commissioning of Facilities 143PL-3.12 Pipe-Type and Bottle-Type Holders . 143PL-3.13 Control and Limiting of Hydrogen Gas Pressure 144PL-3.14 Uprating 146PL-3.15 Valves . 147PL-3.16 Vault Provisions for Design, Construction, and Installation of PipelineComponents . 148PL-3

49、.17 Location for Customers Meter and Regulator Installations 149PL-3.18 Hydrogen Gas Service Lines . 149PL-3.19 Inspection and Examination 150PL-3.20 Repair or Removal of Defective Welds in Piping Intended to Operate atHoop Stress Levels of 20% or More of the Specified Minimum YieldStrength . 153PL-3.21 Steel Pipeline Service Conversions 153TablesPL-2.