ASME B30 5-2004 Mobile and Locomotive Cranes (B30 5 - 2004)《汽车起重机和机车起重机》.pdf

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1、Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDMobile and Locomotive CranesASME B30.5-2004(Revision of ASME B30.5-2000)Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permit

2、ted without license from IHS-,-,-AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDMOBILE ANDLOCOMOTIVECRANESASME B30.5-2004(Revision of ASME B30.5-2000)SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABLEWAYS, CRANES, DERRICKS, HOISTS, HOOKS, JACKS, AND SLINGSCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo re

3、production or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: September 27, 2004The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2007. There will be no addendaissued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical

4、aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http:/www.asme.org/codes/ as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of theStandard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.Th

5、is code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The p

6、roposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity

7、.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such lia

8、bility. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be

9、 interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this

10、 document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2004 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights r

11、eservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viB30 Series Introduction viiiSummary of Changes xiChapter 5-0 Scope, Definitions, and R

12、eferences 1Section 5-0.1 Scope of B30.5 . 1Section 5-0.2 Definitions 1Section 5-0.3 References . 7Chapter 5-1 Construction and Characteristics 8Section 5-1.1 Load Ratings 8Section 5-1.2 Stability (Backward and Forward) 9Section 5-1.3 Boom Hoist, Load Hoist, and Telescoping Boom Mechanisms . 14Sectio

13、n 5-1.4 Swing Mechanism . 15Section 5-1.5 Crane Travel 15Section 5-1.6 Controls . 15Section 5-1.7 Ropes and Reeving Accessories 18Section 5-1.8 Cabs 19Section 5-1.9 General Requirements . 20Section 5-1.10 Structural Performance . 21Section 5-1.11 Cranes Used for Other Than Lifting Service 22Chapter

14、5-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance . 23Section 5-2.1 Inspection General 23Section 5-2.2 Testing 24Section 5-2.3 Maintenance . 25Section 5-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance 25Chapter 5-3 Operation 28Section 5-3.1 Qualifications for and Conduct of Operators and Operating Practice

15、s . 28Section 5-3.2 Operating Practices 30Section 5-3.3 Signals 33Section 5-3.4 Miscellaneous . 33Figures1 Commercial TruckMounted Crane Telescoping Boom . 12 Commercial TruckMounted Crane Nontelescoping Boom . 23 Crawler Crane . 24 Crawler Crane Telescoping Boom . 25 Locomotive Crane . 36 Wheel-Mou

16、nted Crane (Multiple Control Stations) 37 Wheel-Mounted Crane Telescoping Boom (MultipleControl Stations) 48 Wheel-Mounted Crane (Single Control Station) . 49 Wheel-Mounted Crane Telescoping Boom (SingleControl Station, Rotating) 410 Wheel-Mounted Crane Telescoping Boom (SingleControl Station, Fixed

17、) . 511 Work Areas . 1012 Telescopic Boom Crane Control Diagram . 1613 Nontelescopic Boom Crane Control Diagram . 17iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-14 Dead Ending Rope in a Socke

18、t . 1915 Core Failure in 19 H11547 7 Rotation-Resistant Rope . 2616 Examples of Typical Unequal Outrigger Extension Positions 3217 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Crane Operations . 3418 Danger Zone for Cranes and Lifted Loads Operating NearElectrical Transmission Lines 37Tables1 Crane Load Ra

19、tings 82 Required Clearance for Normal Voltage in Operation NearHigh-Voltage Power Lines and Operation in Transit With NoLoad and Boom or Mast Lowered . 39ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from

20、IHS-,-,-FOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute). ThisStandard

21、had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards forCranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presentedto the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 192

22、0to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute), Departme

23、nt of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with

24、 the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October2, 1926, and the committee organiz

25、ed November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 nationalorganizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, was createdfrom the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This document was reaffirmedin 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due t

26、o changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on Ja

27、nuary 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organiza-tions.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate volumes (each complete as toconstruction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) would coverthe different types of equipment included in

28、 the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by the American National StandardsInstitute.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other

29、regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employe

30、es.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is the

31、reby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section III of the Introduction, before rendering decisions on disputedpoints.Safety codes and st

32、andards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.Suggestions for the improvement of this volum

33、e of the Standard are welcome. They shouldbe addressed to The American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Secretary, B30 Main Committee;Three Park Avenue; New York, NY 10016-5990.This volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, wasapproved by ANSI and designated as an

34、American National Standard on May 25, 2004.vCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30 STANDARDS COMMITTEESafety Standards for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks,Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Sl

35、ings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairB. D. Closson, Vice ChairJ. D. Wendler, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, Sverdup Technology, Inc.W. T. Hargrove, Alternate, ManTech Internatio

36、nal Corp.R. E. Bluff, Gantry Constructors, Inc.R. J. Bolen, E. I. du Pont de Nemours the loads; the acceleration or speed of the ropes,chains, sheaves, sprockets, or drums; the type of attach-ments; the number, size, and arrangement of sheaves orother parts; environmental conditions causing corrosio

37、nor wear; and many variables that must be consideredin each individual case. The rules given in the Standardmust be interpreted accordingly, and judgment must beused in determining their application.The Standards Committee will be glad to receive criti-cisms of this Standards requirements and sugges

38、tions1B30.24, B30.26, B30.27, and B30.28 are in the developmentalstage.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-for its improvement, especially those based on actualexperience in application

39、 of the rules.Suggestions for changes to the Standard should besubmitted to the Secretary of the B30 Committee, ASME,Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990, andshould be in accordance with the following format:(a) Cite the specific paragraph designation of the per-tinent volume.(b) Indicate the

40、suggested change (addition, deletion,revision, etc.).(c) Briefly state the reason and/or evidence for thesuggested change.(d) Submit suggested changes to more than one para-graph in the order that the paragraphs appear in thevolume.The B30 Committee will consider each suggestedchange in a timely man

41、ner in accordance with its proce-dures.SECTION I: SCOPEThis Standard applies to the construction, installation,operation, inspection, and maintenance of jacks; power-operated cranes, monorails, and crane runways; power-operated and manually operated derricks and hoists;lifting devices, hooks, and sl

42、ings; and cableways.This Standard does not apply to track and automotivejacks, railway or automobile wrecking cranes, shipboardcranes, shipboard cargo-handling equipment, well-drilling derricks, skip hoists, mine hoists, truck bodyhoists, car or barge pullers, conveyors, excavating equip-ment, or eq

43、uipment falling within the scope of the fol-lowing Committees: A10, A17, A90, A92, A120, B20, B56,and B77.SECTION II: PURPOSEThis Standard is designed to(a) guard against and minimize injury to workers,and otherwise provide for the protection of life, limb,and property by prescribing safety requirem

44、ents(b) provide direction to owners, employers, supervi-sors, and others concerned with, or responsible for, itsapplication(c) guide governments and other regulatory bodiesin the development, promulgation, and enforcement ofappropriate safety directivesSECTION III: INTERPRETATIONSUpon request, the B

45、30 Committee will render an inter-pretation of any requirement of the Standard.Interpretations can only be rendered in response to awritten request sent to the Secretary of the B30 Commit-tee, ASME, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.ixThe request for interpretation should be clear andunambi

46、guous. It is further recommended that theinquirer submit his request utilizing the followingformat.Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s)and provide a concise description.Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the pertinentvolume for which the interpretation is beingrequested.Question: Ph

47、rase the question as a request for an inter-pretation of a specific requirement suitablefor general understanding and use, not asa request for approval of a proprietarydesign or situation. The inquirer may alsoinclude any plans or drawings that are nec-essary to explain the question; however,they sh

48、ould not contain any proprietarynames or information.Requests that are not in this format will be rewrittenin this format by the Committee prior to being answered,which could change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of anyinterpretation when or if additio

49、nal information thatmight affect an interpretation is available. Further, per-sons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to thecognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASMEdoes not “approve,”“certify,”“rate,” or “endorse” anyitem, construction, proprietary device, or activity.SECTION IV: NEW AND EXISTING INSTALLATIONS(a) Effective Date. The effective date of this vo