ASME B30 4-2015 Portal and Pedestal Cranes《门座起重机和基座式起重机》.pdf

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1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B30.4-2015(Revision of ASME B30.4-2010)Portal and Pedestal CranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.4-2015(Revision of ASME B30.4-2010)Portal andPedestal CranesSafety Standard for Cableways,Cranes, Derricks, Ho

2、ists, Hooks, Jacks,and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: June 30, 2015The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2020. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written replies to i

3、nquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide cor

4、rections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available toautomatically receive an e-mail notification when

5、 errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under p

6、rocedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailabl

7、e for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with res

8、pect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are

9、expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry en

10、dorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

11、in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2015 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword v

12、Committee Roster . viiIntroduction . ixSummary of Changes xiiChapter 4-0 Scope, Definitions, Personnel Competence, and References . 1Section 4-0.1 Scope of B30.4 1Section 4-0.2 Definitions 1Section 4-0.3 Personnel Competence 5Section 4-0.4 References 5Chapter 4-1 Erection, Characteristics, and Const

13、ruction . 6Section 4-1.1 Site Preparation and Erection 6Section 4-1.2 Load Ratings and Stability 7Section 4-1.3 Documentation . 8Section 4-1.4 Hoisting Equipment . 9Section 4-1.5 Luffing (Boom Hoist) and Trolley Equipment 10Section 4-1.6 Slewing (Swing) Mechanism . 11Section 4-1.7 Travel Equipment .

14、 11Section 4-1.8 Brakes, General Requirements . 11Section 4-1.9 Lifting Magnets . 11Section 4-1.10 Operational Aids . 11Section 4-1.11 Boom and Jib Support Ropes 12Section 4-1.12 Reeving Accessories . 12Section 4-1.13 Counterweights . 12Section 4-1.14 Controls 12Section 4-1.15 Translations of Safety

15、-Related Information andControl Designations . 14Section 4-1.16 Electrical Equipment 14Section 4-1.17 Operators Cabs . 14Section 4-1.18 General Requirements . 15Chapter 4-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 16Section 4-2.1 Inspection 16Section 4-2.2 Operational Aids . 17Section 4-2.3 Testing . 17

16、Section 4-2.4 Maintenance 17Section 4-2.5 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance . 18Chapter 4-3 Operation 21Section 4-3.1 Qualifications and Responsibilities . 21Section 4-3.2 Operating Practices . 24Section 4-3.3 Signals . 26Section 4-3.4 Miscellaneous . 26Figures4-0.2.1-1 Pedestal Crane Wi

17、th Luffing Boom 24-0.2.1-2 Portal Crane With Level Luffing Boom 24-0.2.1-3 Portal Crane With Luffing Boom 34-1.12-1 Wedge Sockets 13iii4-2.5.2-1 Core Failure in 19 H11547 7 Rotation-Resistant Rope 194-3.3.4-1 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Portal and Pedestal Cranes . 274-3.4.2-1 Danger Zone

18、for Cranes and Lifted Loads Operating NearElectrical Transmission Lines 29Table4-3.4.2-1 Required Clearance for Normal Voltage in Operation NearHigh Voltage Power Lines 30ivFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has

19、been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI). This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 whenan eight-page Code of Safety Standards for Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on theProtection of Industrial Workers, was presented at the annual

20、 meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCom

21、mittee (AESC) later changed to American Standards Association (ASA), then to the UnitedStates of America Standards Institute (USASI), and finally to ANSI, Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor and Industry State of Pennsylvania, and theLocomotiveCraneManufacturersAssociation.O

22、nJune11,1925,AESCapprovedtheASMESafetyCode Correlating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with theU.S. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committ

23、ee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent outOctober 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing29 national organizations. Commencing June 1, 1927, and using the eight-page code publishedby ASME in 1916 as a basis, the Sectional Commit

24、tee developed the Safety Code for Cranes,Derricks, and Hoists. The early drafts of this safety code included requirements for jacks, but,due to inputs and comments on those drafts, the Sectional Committee decided in 1938 to makethe requirements for jacks a separate code. In January 1943, ASA B30.2-1

25、943 was publishedaddressing a multitude of equipment types, and in August 1943, ASA B30.1-1943 was publishedjust addressing jacks. Both documents were reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as safetystandards.Duetochangesindesign,advancementintechniques,andgeneralinterestoflaborandindustryin safety,

26、 the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Bureau of YardsandDocks(nowtheNavalFacilitiesEngineeringCommand),wasreorganizedonJanuary31,1962,with 39 members representing 27 national organizations. The new committee changed the formatof ASA B30.2-1943 so that the multitude of

27、 equipment types it addressed could be published inseparate volumes that could completely cover the construction, installation, inspection, testing,maintenance,andoperationofeachtypeofequipmentthatwasincludedinthescopeofASAB30.2.This format change resulted in the initial publication of B30.3, B30.5,

28、 B30.6, B30.11, and B30.16being designated as revisions of B30.2, with the remainder of the B30 volumes being publishedas totally new volumes. ASA changed its name to USASI in 1966 and to ANSI in 1969, whichresulted in B30 volumes from 1943 to 1968 being designated as either ASA B30, USAS B30, orANS

29、I B30, depending on their date of publication.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI. This Standard presents a coordi-nated set of rules that may serve as a guide to government and other regul

30、atory bodies andmunicipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspection of the equipment falling withinits scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention are given both as mandatory andadvisoryprovisions;compliancewithbothtypesmayberequiredbyemployersoftheiremployees.In case of prac

31、tical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofotherdevicesormethodsbutonlywhenitisclearlyevidentthatanequivalentdegreeofprotectionis thereby secured. To secure uniform app

32、lication and interpretation of this Standard, administra-tive or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordance with theformat described in Section IX of the Introduction, before rendering decisions on disputed points.vSafetycodesandstandardsareintendedtoenhancepublicsa

33、fety.Revisionsresultfromcommit-teeconsiderationoffactorssuchastechnologicaladvances,newdata,andchangingenvironmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.B30.4 has been in existence since 1943. New editions were published in 1973 and 1981 underthe title Po

34、rtal, Tower, and Pillar Cranes. The 1990, 1996, and 2003 Editions were published underthe title Portal, Tower, and Pedestal Cranes. For the 2010 Edition, B30.4 removed all referencesto tower cranes and revised the title to Portal and Pedestal Cranes. All requirements for towercranes were incorporate

35、d into B30.3-2009. This 2015 Edition contains technical and editorialrevisions, including the addition of responsibilities of personnel, personnel competence, andtranslations.This Volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, wasapproved by ANSI and designated as an Am

36、erican National Standard on May 19, 2015.viASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSB. D. Closson, ChairT. L. Blanton, Vice Cha

37、irK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, LTS Cranes MechanicalM. Eggenberger, Alternate, Berry Contracting, Inc.G. Austin, Terex Corp.T. L. Blanton, NACB Group, Inc.R. Ohman, Alternate, Verde Concepts, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupC. E. Lucas, Alternate, The Crosby Gr

38、oupP. W. Boyd, The Boeing Co.M. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.A. L. Calta, Alternate, The Manitowoc Co.B. D. Closson, Craft Forensic ServiceB. A. Pickett, Alternate, Systems Engineering and Forensic ServicesJ. A. Danielson, The Boeing Co.D. Decker, Becket LLCL. D. DeMark, Equipment Training Solutions

39、LLCD. F. Jordan, Alternate, BP AmericaD. W. Eckstine, Eckstine it swings with the crane.crane, standby: crane that is not in regular service butused occasionally or intermittently as required.drum: the cylindrical member around which a rope iswound and through which power is transmitted to theropes.

40、(15)ASME B30.4-2015Fig. 4-0.2.1-1 Pedestal Crane With Luffing BoomPedestalLuffing boomFig. 4-0.2.1-2 Portal Crane With Level Luffing BoomPintleLuffing boomPortal2ASME B30.4-2015Fig. 4-0.2.1-3 Portal Crane With Luffing BoomLuffing boom Cylindrical gantry (with internal stairway) Portal 3ASME B30.4-20

41、15dynamic loading: loads introduced into the machine orits components by forces in motion.flange point: the point of contact between the rope anddrum flange where the rope changes layers on a ropedrum.gage, track: the horizontal distance between the centerlines of the tow rails measured perpendicula

42、r to thedirection of travel.gantry:amovablestructuralframeconsistingofcolumnsandbracingcapableofsupportingacranewithitswork-ing and dynamic loads.high-strength (traction) bolts: high-strength tensile boltsused in the assembly of crane components. The boltsare installed in tension, by torquing or oth

43、er means, atalevelgreaterthanthatproducedbyin-orout-of-serviceloads for the purpose of reducing the likelihood of boltfatigue failure.in-service: the condition of a crane ready for or engagedin work; an operator is at the controls.jib: an extension attached to the boom point to provideadded boom len

44、gth for lifting specified loads. The jibmay be in line with the boom or offset to various angles.load, working: the external load applied to the crane,including the weight of load-attaching equipment, suchas load blocks, ropes, shackles, and slings.loadblock,lower:theassemblyofsheaves,pins,andframes

45、uspendedfromtheboomormountedintheloadtrolley.load hoist: a hoist drum and rope reeving system usedfor hoisting and lowering loads.maximumoperatingwindspeed:themaximumwindspeedpermitted by the crane manufacturer for the continuedoperation of the crane.minimum breaking force: the minimum load at which

46、 anew and unused wire rope will break when loaded todestruction in direct tension.operational aid: an accessory that provides informationto facilitate operation of a crane or that takes control ofparticularfunctionswithoutactionoftheoperatorwhena limiting condition is sensed. Examples of such device

47、sinclude, but are not limited to, the following: anti-twoblock device, rated capacity indicator, rated capacity(load) limiter, boom angle or radius indicator, drumrotation indicator, load indicator, and wind speedindicator.out-of-service: the condition of a crane when unloaded,without power and with

48、 the controls unattended, andprepared to endure winds above the in-service level.parking track: for rail-mounted cranes, a section of tracksupported so that it is capable of sustaining storm-induced bogie loads; it is provided with storm anchor-ages when required.4pawl (dog): a device for positively

49、 holding a memberagainst motion in one or more directions.pedestal: a fixed raised crane base or foundation thatmay be solid, enclosed, or framed but without a portalopening.permanent installation: a crane installation intended tolast the working life of the crane or for a period of 5 yror more before dismantling and re-erection.pitch diameter: the diameter of a sheave or rope drummeasured at the centerline of the rope.qualified person: a person who, by possession of a recog-nized degree in an applicable field or certificate of pro-fessional standing, or who, by extensive knowle