ASME B30 3-2009 Tower Cranes (B30 3 - 2009)《塔式起重机》.pdf

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1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B30.3-2009(Revision of ASME B30.3-2004)Tower CranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without lic

2、ense from IHS-,-,-ASME B30.3-2009(Revision of ASME B30.3-2004)Tower CranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes,Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, andSlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permi

3、tted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: October 6, 2009The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2012. There will be no addendaissued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpre

4、tations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of theStandard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed und

5、er procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavai

6、lable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with

7、 respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard a

8、re expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry

9、 endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any fo

10、rm,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2009 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASM

11、E International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viB30 Standard Introduction . viiiSummary of Changes xiChapter 3-0 Scope, Definitions, and References 1Section 3-0.1 Scope o

12、f B30.3 1Section 3-0.2 Definitions 1Section 3-0.3 References 10Chapter 3-1 Erection and Dismantling, Characteristics, and Construction. 12Section 3-1.1 Site Preparation and Erection 12Section 3-1.2 Load Ratings . 15Section 3-1.3 Stability 16Section 3-1.4 Documentation . 17Section 3-1.5 Load-Hoisting

13、 and Boom-Luffing (Boom Hoist) Equipment . 18Section 3-1.6 Slewing (Swing) Mechanism . 19Section 3-1.7 Travel Equipment . 19Section 3-1.8 Climbing Equipment 20Section 3-1.9 Load Trolleys . 20Section 3-1.10 Brakes 20Section 3-1.11 Operator Aids 20Section 3-1.12 Pendants, Stay Ropes, and Guys . 21Sect

14、ion 3-1.13 Reeving Accessories . 21Section 3-1.14 Counterweights and Ballast . 21Section 3-1.15 Controls 22Section 3-1.16 Electrical Equipment 22Section 3-1.17 Operators Cabs . 23Section 3-1.18 General Requirements . 23Chapter 3-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 25Section 3-2.1 Inspection 25Sec

15、tion 3-2.2 Testing . 26Section 3-2.3 Maintenance 27Section 3-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance . 27Chapter 3-3 Operation 30Section 3-3.1 Qualifications for and Conduct of Operators and OperatingPractices 30Section 3-3.2 Operating Practices . 34Section 3-3.3 Signals . 35Section 3-3.4

16、Miscellaneous . 37Figures3-0.2.1.2-1 Hammerhead Tower Crane Fixed-Base, Free-Standing Crane 23-0.2.1.2-2 Guyed Tower Crane . 33-0.2.1.2-3 Luffing Tower Crane Fixed-Base, Free-Standing Crane . 43-0.2.1.2-4 Braced Crane . 53-0.2.1.3-1 Internal Climbing Crane 63-0.2.1.4-1 Travel Base for Free-Standing

17、Crane . 73-0.2.2-1 Types of Fixed Bases 83-1.13-1 Dead Ending Rope in a Socket 21iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3-2.4.2-1 Core Failure in Rotation-Resistant Rope . 283-3.3.4-1

18、Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Tower Cranes 363-3.4.3-1 Danger Zone for Cranes and Lifted Loads Operating Near ElectricalTransmission Lines . 38Table3-3.4.3-1 Required Clearance for Normal Voltage in Operation Near High-VoltagePower Lines 38ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under

19、 license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational

20、Standards Institute (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute). ThisStandard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards forCranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presentedto the annual meeting of the ASM

21、E.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later chang

22、ed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute), Department of LaborState of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustryState of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. On June11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approv

23、ed the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for org

24、anization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 nationalorganizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, was createdfrom the eight-page document referred to in the first p

25、aragraph. This document was reaffirmedin 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command, U

26、.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organiza-tions.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate volumes (each complete as toconstruction and installation; inspection, test

27、ing, and maintenance; and operation) would coverthe different types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by the American National StandardsInstitute.This St

28、andard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and

29、advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices o

30、r methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Secti

31、on IX, before rendering decisions on disputed points.The 2009 edition of this Volume revised its scope to include Construction and PermanentlyMounted Tower Cranes and added the responsibilities of other members of the lifting team.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Rev

32、isions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.This Volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, wasapproved b

33、y ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on July 27, 2009.vCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standards for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,

34、Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretaryJ. D. Wendler, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, Northrop Grumman Ship System

35、sW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, QINETIQ North AmericaR. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupR. J. Bolen, ConsultantG. B. Hetherston, Alternate, E. I. DuPontA. D. Brown, A. D. Brown, Inc.W. J. Smith, Jr., Alternate, Nations Builders Insurance ServicesM. E. Brunet, Manito

36、woc Crane GroupE. D. Fidler, Alternate, Grove Worldwide/Manitowoc Crane GroupT. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John

37、P. Colletti the loador the boom is positioned at that radius which causes thevertical moment of the superstructure about the balancepoint to go to zero.ballast: weight added to a crane base to create additionalstability; it does not rotate when the crane swings. Alsoused to refer to materials placed

38、 under rails, such ascrushed stone, to support the rail ties or sleepers, toprovide drainage, and to distribute the applied loads.base, anchor bolt: a crane base that is bolted to a footingsee Fig. 3-0.2.2-1, illustration (a).base, expendable: for static-mounted cranes, a style ofbottom mast section

39、 or member that is cast into a con-crete footing block; all or part of this component is lostto future installations see Fig. 3-0.2.2-1, illustration (b).base, knee brace: a crane base that uses diagonal membersto spread the loading see Fig. 3-0.2.2-1, illustration (c).base, tower crane: a mounting

40、accessory to secure thebottom of the tower (mast) to a foundation, structuralframe, or travel base.7base, travel: a crane base that is a ballasted platformmounted on trucks that ride along rails (seeFig. 3-0.2.1.4-1).bogie: an assembly of two or more axles arranged topermit both vertical wheel displ

41、acement and an equal-ization of loading on the wheels.boom (jib): on hammerhead tower cranes, the horizontalstructural member attached to the rotating superstruc-ture of a crane on which the load trolley travels whenchanging load radius; on luffing and other types of towercrane, a member hinged to t

42、he rotating superstructureand used for supporting the hoisting tackle.brace, tower: a structural attachment placed between acrane tower and an adjacent structure to pass loads tothe adjacent structure and permit the crane to be erectedto greater than free-standing height (see Fig. 3-0.2.1.2-4).brake

43、: a device, other than a motor, used for retardingor stopping motion by friction or power means.braking means: a method or device for retarding or stop-ping motion.buffer: an energy absorbing device for reducing impactwhen a moving crane or trolley reaches the end of itspermitted travel.cab: a housi

44、ng provided for the operator and containingthe crane controls.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30.3-2009Fig. 3-0.2.2-1 Types of Fixed BasesTower (mast)Anchor boltAnchor plateB

45、ase plateGroundConcrete footing(a) Anchor Bolt Base(b) Expendable Base(c) Knee Braced Base (Ballast May Also Be Used)Tower (mast)Knee braceCross beamsTie down(when required)Footing blockTower (mast)ExpendableanchoragemembersConcrete footing8Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license

46、with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30.3-2009climbing: for free-standing, braced, or guyed cranes, theprocess whereby the height of the tower (mast) isincreased by adding sections at the top (seeFig. 3-0.2.1.2-4); for internal climbing c

47、ranes, the processwhereby the entire crane is raised on or within a struc-ture which is under construction as the height of thatstructure increases (see Fig. 3-0.2.1.3-1).climbing frame: for free-standing, braced, or guyedcranes, a structural frame supporting the superstructurewhich surrounds the to

48、wer (mast) and contains arrange-ments to raise the frame and superstructure of the cranefor insertion of an additional tower section; for internalclimbing cranes, a frame used to transmit operationaland climbing reactions to the host building frame.climbing ladder: a steel member with crossbars (use

49、d inpairs) suspended from a climbing frame and used asjacking support points when some cranes climb.clutch: a means for engagement or disengagement ofpower.counterjib (counterweight jib): a horizontal member of acrane on which the counterweights and usually thehoisting machinery are mounted.counterweight: weights added to a crane superstructureto cr