ASME B30 16-2012 Overhead Hoists (Underhung) (B30 16 - 2012)《高架悬挂式提升机(轨道上滑动式)》.pdf

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1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B30.16-2012(Revision of ASME B30.16-2007)Overhead Hoists (Underhung)Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.16-2012(Revision of ASME B30.16-2007)Overhead Hoists(Underhung)Safety Standard for Cableways,Cranes, Derric

2、ks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks,and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: December 7, 2012The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2017. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written r

3、eplies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition ofthis Standard.Errata to codes and stand

4、ards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/. T

5、here is an option available toautomatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The Ameri

6、can Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have ha

7、d an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, constru

8、ction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable l

9、etters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s

10、) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpr

11、etations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2012 byTHE AMERICAN SOCI

12、ETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . vB30 Standard Introduction . viiSummary of Changes xChapter 16-0 Scope, Definitions, and References 1Section 16-0.1 Scope of B30.16 . 1Section 16-0.2 Definitions 1Section 16-0.3 References 7Chapter 1

13、6-1 Marking, Construction, and Installation 8Section 16-1.1 Marking 8Section 16-1.2 Construction 8Section 16-1.3 Installation . 11Chapter 16-2 Inspection and Testing 13Section 16-2.1 Inspection 13Section 16-2.2 Testing . 17Chapter 16-3 Operator Training and Operation 19Section 16-3.1 Operator Traini

14、ng . 19Section 16-3.2 Training for Persons Other Than Hoist Operators 19Section 16-3.3 Operation . 19Section 16-3.4 Planned Engineered Lifts 22Section 16-3.5 Signals . 22Section 16-3.6 Equipment Lockout/Tagout . 22Chapter 16-4 Maintenance Training and Maintenance 24Section 16-4.1 Maintenance Trainin

15、g and Maintenance Requirements 24Section 16-4.2 Maintenance Training . 24Section 16-4.3 Equipment Maintenance . 24Section 16-4.4 Rope Replacement and Maintenance . 25Section 16-4.5 Welded Link Chain Replacement and Maintenance . 26Section 16-4.6 Roller Chain Replacement and Maintenance . 27Figures16

16、-0.1-1 Hand Chain-Operated Chain Hoist 216-0.1-2 Electric-Powered Chain Hoist 216-0.1-3 Air-Powered Chain Hoist 316-0.1-4 Electric-Powered Wire Rope Hoist . 416-0.1-5 Air-Powered Wire Rope Hoist . 516-3.5.1-1 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Hoists 23Tables16-2.1.3-1 Inspection for Hand Chain-O

17、perated Hoists . 1416-2.1.3-2 Inspection for Electric- or Air-Powered Hoists 15iiiFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute

18、(ANSI, formerly the United States of America Standards Institute).This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standardsfor Cranes, prepared by an American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Committee onthe Protection of Industrial Workers, was presented at

19、the annual meeting of ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering Standa

20、rdsCommittee later changed to American Standards Association (ASA), and subsequently to theUSA Standards Institute, Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engine

21、ering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSecti

22、onal Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent outOctober 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing29 national organizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943,was created from the eight-page doc

23、ument referred to in the first paragraph. This document wasreaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval

24、FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 nationalorganizations.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate Volumes (each complete as toconstruction and

25、installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) will cover thedifferent types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI.This Standard

26、presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisor

27、y provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or metho

28、ds, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX o

29、f the B30 Standard Introduction, before renderingdecisions on disputed points.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions

30、do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.The 2012 edition of this Standard includes a major revision to Chapter 16-2 and the additionof Chapter 16-4. The sections on maintenance of hoist components in Chapter 16-2 have beenmoved to Chapter 16-4, along with other updates to the Standard. T

31、his Volume of the Standard,which was approved by the B30 Standards Committee and by ASME, was approved by ANSIand designated as an American National Standard on September 5, 2012.ivASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the

32、 roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSL. D. Means, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp Steel USA, LLCC. M Robison, Alternate, UT-Battelle/Oak Ridge National LaboratoryT. L.

33、 Blanton, NACB, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupR. J. Bolen, ConsultantM. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co., Inc.T. A. Christensen, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co.M. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic ServicesB. A. Pickett, Alternate, Forensic Engineering hoistoperato

34、r, nondedicated; minimum breakingforce; sheave; and sheave, equalizerrevised7 Section 16-0.3 Revised8 16-1.1.2 Subparagraph (b) revised16-1.1.3 Subparagraph (b)(4) added16-1.1.4 Title revised16-1.2.1 Subparagraphs (b) and (c) revised9 16-1.2.6 (1) Subparagraph (a) revised(2) Footnote 1 revised10 16-

35、1.2.8 Subparagraph (e) revised16-1.2.11 Subparagraphs (b)(1)(b), (b)(4), and(c)(1)(b) revised11 16-1.2.14 Revised16-1.2.17 Subparagraph (c) revised16-1.3.3 Reference in subparagraph (c) revised13, 1618 Chapter 16-2 Revised in its entirety1923 Chapter 16-3 Revised in its entirety2427 Chapter 16-4 Add

36、edThe interpretations to ASME B30.16 are included in this edition as a separate section for theusers convenience.x(12)ASME B30.16-2012OVERHEAD HOISTS (UNDERHUNG)Chapter 16-0Scope, Definitions, and ReferencesSECTION 16-0.1: SCOPE OF B30.16Volume B30.16 includes provisions that apply to theconstructio

37、n, installation, operation, inspection, testing,and maintenance of hand chain-operated chain hoistsand electric- and air-powered chain and wire rope hoistsused for, but not limited to, vertical lifting and loweringof freely suspended, unguided loads that consist ofequipment and materials. (See Figs.

38、 16-0.1-1 through16-0.1-5.)Requirements for a hoist that is used for a specialpurpose, such as, but not limited to, tensioning a load,nonvertical lifting service, lifting a guided load, liftingpersonnel, or drawing both the load and the hoist upordown theload chainor ropewhen thehoist isattachedto t

39、he load, are not included in this Volume.SECTION 16-0.2: DEFINITIONSabnormal operating conditions: environmental conditionsthat are unfavorable, harmful, or detrimental to the oper-ation of a hoist, such as excessively high or low ambienttemperatures, exposure to weather, corrosive fumes,dust-laden

40、or moisture-laden atmospheres, and hazard-ous locations.administrative or regulatory authority: governmentalagency or the employer, in the absence of governmentaljurisdiction.appointed: assigned specific responsibilities by theemployer or the employers representative.authorized: appointed by a duly

41、constituted administra-tive or regulatory authority.block, load: the assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, bear-ing, sheaves, sprockets, pins, and frame suspended bythe hoisting rope or load chain. This shall include anyappurtenances reeved in the hoisting rope or load chain.brake: a device, other th

42、an a motor, used for retardingor stopping motion by friction or power means.brake, holding: a friction brake for a hoist that is automati-cally applied and prevents motion when power is off.brake, mechanical load: an automatic type of friction brakeused for controlling loads in a lowering direction.

43、 This1unidirectional device requires torque from the motor orhand chain wheel to lower a load but does not imposeany additional load on the motor or hand chain wheelwhen lifting a load.braking, control: a method of controlling speed by remov-ing energy from the moving body or by impartingenergy in t

44、he opposite direction.braking, countertorque (plugging): a method of control bywhich the power to the motor is reversed to developtorque in the direction opposite to the rotation of themotor.braking, dynamic: a method of controlling speed by usingthe motor as a generator, with the energy being dissi

45、-pated by resistance.braking, eddy current: a method of controlling or reducingspeed by means of an energy induction load brake.braking, mechanical: a method of controlling or reducingspeed by friction.braking, pneumatic: a method of controlling or poweringa drive or brake by means of a compressed g

46、as.braking, regenerative: a method of controlling speed inwhich the electrical energy generated by the motor isfed back into the power system.chain, hand: the chain grasped by a person to apply forcerequired for the lifting or lowering motion.chain, load: the load-bearing chain in a hoist.chain, rol

47、ler: a series of alternately assembled roller linksand pin links in which the pins articulate inside thebushings and the rollers are free to turn on the bushings.Pins and bushings are press fit in their respective linkplates.chain, welded link: a chain consisting of a series of inter-woven links, fo

48、rmed and welded.designated person: a person selected or assigned by theemployer orthe employers representative asbeing com-petent to perform specific duties.drum: the cylindrical member around which rope iswound for lifting or lowering the load.ASME B30.16-2012Fig. 16-0.1-1 Hand Chain-Operated Chain

49、 Hoist(a) (b)2Fig. 16-0.1-2 Electric-Powered Chain HoistASME B30.16-2012Fig. 16-0.1-3 Air-Powered Chain Hoist3ASME B30.16-2012Fig. 16-0.1-4 Electric-Powered Wire Rope Hoist(a)(b)4ASME B30.16-2012Fig. 16-0.1-5 Air-Powered Wire Rope Hoist5ASME B30.16-2012equalizer: a device that compensates for unequal lengthor stretch of a rope or chain.exposed: applies to hazardous objects not guarded orisolated (capable of being contacted inadvertently).guide, chain: a means to guide the load chain at the loadsprocket.hazardous (classified) locations: locations where fire orexplosion haza