ASHRAE JOURN 41-4 SI-1999 ASHRAE Journal (Volume 41 Number 4 April 1999)《ASHRAE日报第41卷第4号 1999年4月》.pdf

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1、 STD ASHRAE JOURN 4L-( SI-ENGL 1979 0759b50 054L95L1 668 systew for controlling and Monitoring everything from HVAC to lighting systems. And it just got When it Cowes to Managing can now accowwo- with global protocols like your building and date More building 615, Profibus, CAB, and relieving stress

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3、eople choose Metasys +o help regulate building systeeMs in the twost critical of w or ki n g en v i ron Me n ts , froM hospitals to the Pen tago n. In addition to providing 6ACnet“ and onworks“ soutions, Metasys can also control over CI your operations and a More. relaxed ou.ilook on life. But Metas

4、ys is Mare than data integration. It also Makes retrieving and interpreting iwpor: tant information sitvtpler than evey. When you 1 STD-ASHRAE JOURN 41-4 SI-ENGL 1919 0759650 0541955 574 combine new Metasys data visualization tech- you easily monitor systems and equipment fmm anywhere 10,000 systems

5、 i n s tal I e d nology with our new f M-Series workstations, youll be able to do things in the world via the Internet Plus, there are dozens of 0th er new cap ab i I i ti es worldwide. And our Mefasys Connectivity Partners represent 125 companies which make More than SOO tested and approved product

6、s for use with Metasys. To find out more about how Metasys can help you put technology that were impossible until now. for example, Metasys lets you view the status of all your buildings air hauidling systems OH one screen and pinpoint both inefficient energy use and potential cost savings at a glan

7、ce. And M-Web“ lets which allow you to save time, money and energy. Examples are available right now on ow web site. Even though Metasys continues to offer the latest in new technology, its also remarkably well established. In fact, there are over to work, visit our web site: www. Because when your

8、 systems are under control, your building will be more com- fodable. And so will you. w w w. j o h ns on con f rol I. COM (Circle No. 1 on Reader Service Card) STDoASHRAE JOURN 41-4 SI-ENGL 1999 0759b50 054195b 430 . - When Loren Cook Company drives off the tee for the big hole in one, the competiti

9、on trembles. As well they should. Weve taken the game to a new level. IS0 9001 Certification proves that! The intensive effort to excel at Cook is paying off big time for our customers, and their numbers are growing. More specifying engineers are choosing Cook than ever. Thats because our fans and b

10、lowers are strokes ahead of the other guys. Choose the company thats in top form, select Cook. Always the best spec! I COOK LOREN COOK COMPANY LEADING OUR INDUSTRY INTO THE NEW MILLENNIUM 2015 E. DALE SPRINGFIELD, MO 65803 417.869.6474 FAX 417 862 O968 ._ MANUFACTURING LOCATIONS: SPRINGFIELD, MISSO

11、URI ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA, OGDEN, UTAH (Circle No. 4 on Reader Service Card) SI-ENGL O757650 0543757 377 The Wren Building at the College of William and Mary. See orticle on Poge 52. Specifiying Interoperability The Commissioning Design Intent Narrative The Rise and Fall of Carbon Dioxide System

12、s Energy Conservation Showcase By Paul Ehrlich, PE., and Ofer Piftel, PEng. . 25 By Ronald J. Wilkinson, PE. 31 By William S. Bodinus, PE. . 37 By Sukhdev S, Mathaudhu, PE. . ,44 HVAC at 18th-Century Colonial Williamsburg Air Distribution for Large Spaces Filters and Filtration What Makes Records De

13、teriorate Temperature and Relative Humidity Effects on the Mechanical And Chemical Stability of Collections Understanding What Humidity Does and Why HVAC for Historic Buildings By Clyde Delmar Kestner, PE. 52 By Dan Int-Hout and Leon Kloostra 57 By Timothy J. Robinson and Alan E. Ouellet . 65 By Pau

14、l N. Banks . 71 By Marion F: Mecklenburg, Ph. D., and Charles S. Tumosa, Ph. D. . 77 By Kenneth M. Elovitz, PE. . 84 By Sharon C. Park, FAIA 91 Focus on Humidifiers and Dehumidifiers . 103 Commentary ,. 5 Industry News . 6 Letters 14 Washington Report 18 Meetings and Shows . 21 People . 99 Literatur

15、e 1 O0 Standards . 1 O1 Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 05 peration and construction of all system :omponents. This type of assumption led to the creation of balancing devices. Prac- titioners found the need to make adjust- ments in the field to f

16、inely tune designs to allow installed systems to operate in the specified manner. The article, “Variable Flow-A Con- trol Engineers Perspective,” offers an excellent opportunity to review some of the design criteria that should be consid- ered in hydronic system design, and how designers should revi

17、ew technical articles in the Journal for direct application to their designs. Many articles have been written about the six coil, two (or three) chiller system with a variable speed, vari- able flow delivery system. The size of the proposed system can tend to magniQ the problems associated with it.

18、Mark C. Hegberg, Chairman TC 9.7, Test, Adjust 404-636-8400, fax 404-321-5478, jyoung ashrae.org or www.ashrae.org. AUGUST Hazard Control in Healthcare Conference, Aug. 24, Colorado Springs, Colo. Contact ACGIH at 513-742-2020, fax 513-742-3355, memacgih.org or www,acgih.orgleventsi hlthcare.htm. SE

19、PTEMBER AHR Expo-Mexico, Sept. 8-10, Monterrey, Mexico. Cosponsored by ASHRAE and ARI. Contact the Interna- tional Exposition Company, 203-221- 9232, fax 203-221-9260, ahrexpomex or . Laboratories for the 2lSt Century, Sept. 8- 10, Boston. Contact the Federal Energy Management Program at 703-243-83

20、43. International Code Expo 99 and Annual Conference, Sept. 12-17, St. Louis. Con- tact the International Conference of Build- ing Officials (ICBO) at 800-423-6587, fax 562-699-9721 or www.icbo.org. OCTOBER ISA TecN99, Oct. 5-7, Philadelphia. Con- tact ISA, the international society for meas- uremen

21、t and control, at 919-549-8411, fax 919-549-8288, infoisa.org or www.isa.org. SMACNA 56th Annual Convention, Oct. 10-15, Palm Desert, Calif. Contact the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association at 703-803-2980, fax 703 -803-3732. PHCC National Association Annual Con- vention

22、, Oct. 13-17, Nashville, Tenn. Con- tact the Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contrac- tors Association at 800-533-7694, fax 703- 237-7442, naphccnaphcc.org or www. naphcc.org. Worldwide Food Expo 99, Oct. 28-31, Chicago. Contact Liz Overstreet at the In- ternational Association of Food Industry Suppliers a

23、t 703-761-2600, fax 703-761- 4334, infoiafis.org or www.iafis.org. NOVEMBER SES Annual Conference, Nov. 4-6, Rochester, N.Y. Contact the Refrigeration Service Engineers Society at 847-297-6464, fax 847-297-5038, or www.rses.org. DECEMBER “RAW International Convention, Dec. 5-8, Nashville, Tenn. Con

24、tact the Northamerican Heating, Refrigeration fax 86 10 6277 0544, y- or www.te. From other re- :ions, contact the Secretariat-ISHVAC 99, 3ept. of Building Services Engineering, 3ong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Cong SAR, China; fax 852 2774 6146. 1999 Asia-Pacific Conference on the Built Envi

25、ronment, Nov. 29-Dec 2, Taipei, Tai- Nan. Contact Robert Yie-Zu Hu at the In- lustrial Technology Research Institute, 886 3 5915390, fax 886 3 5820250 or f790637 xl.itri.org.tw. JANUARY ACREX2000, Jan. 26-30, PragariMaidan,New Delhi. Cosponsored by ASHRAE. Contact Con- venor, Delhi Chapter of the In

26、dian Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers, at 91 11 6424925,6432021, fax 91 11 6424925 or dcishrae .in. MARCH International Trade Fair for Lighting and Building Technology, March 19-23, Frank- furt, Germany. Contact Messe Frankfurt at 49 69 7575 6225, fax 49 69 7575 6760

27、or . Mostra Convegno Expocomfort 2000, March 21-25, Milan, Italy. Contact Fiera Milano In- ternational at 39 02 485501, fax 39 02 48005450, mceplanet.it or www.fmi.it. MAY SHKG 2000, Trade Fair for Sanitation, Heat- ing, Ventilation and Building Automation, May 3-7, Berlin. Contact Messe Berlin at 4

28、9 30 3038 2115, or fax 49 30 3038 2069. JULY Roomvent 2000, July 9-12, Reading, UK. Cosponsored by ASHRAE. Contact 44 11 8 931 8198, fax 44 118 931 3856, rv2000rdg.ac.uk or www.rdg.ac.ukirv2000. 22 ASHRAE Journal April 1999 - I/A Series: Now Available. VA Series is the Building Automation System tha

29、ts powerful, extensible and scalable From the smallest to the most sophisticated facility-one system now fits them all. I/A Series delivers the industrys most com- plete LONMARC and LONWori leading Human Machine Interface with complete commercial building control and the ultimate in interoperable in

30、tegrating performance You get connectivity at every level of your enterprise facility system through LON, BACnet, Ethernet IP compliance, Enterprise solutions or any communications interface Call us today or visit ow Web site at wwwsiebe-env-controI, to find out how Siebe Environmental Controls l/A

31、Series can pull all your systems together into a single enterprise solution Siebe Environmental Controls STD-ASHRAE JOURN q1-Y SI-ENGL 1797 0757650 OSLiL978 OT1 EETINGS fax 358 9 452 3610 or www.hb2000.org. SEPTEMBER CIBSE/ASHRAE Dublin 2000, Sept. 21- 23, Dublin. Contact W.S. Comstock at ASHRAE at

32、404-636-8400 ext. 600, fax 404- 32 1-5478 or comstockashrae.org. NOVEMBER Cold Climate HVAC 2000, Nov. 1-3, Sap- poro, Japan. Cosponsored by ASHRAE. Contact Tohru Mochida at Hokkaido Uni- versity, 81 11 706 6284, fax 81 1 1 706 7890. All manuscripts are subject to editorial and peer reviews and cann

33、ot have been published previously. Authors should submit abstracts before sending manuscripts to Fred Turner, Editor, ASHRAE Journal, 1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305; 404-636-8400, fax 404-321-5478 or fturner ashrae.org. HVAC or rjournalengr.wisc.edu. ASHRAE Meetings Papers tor, ASHRAE

34、, 1791 Tullie Circle NE, At- lanta, GA 30329; 404-636-8400, fax 404- 321-5478 or mmcgeeashrae.org. Roomvent 2000 Roomvent 2000 seeks papers for its confer- ence, July 9-12, Reading, UK. Cosponsored by ASHRAE. Abstracts are due Oct. 1, 1999. ContactDr. HazimAwbiat44 118931 8198, fax 44 118 93 1 3856,

35、 rv2000rdg.ac.uk or www.rdg.ac.uk/rv2000. Healthy Buildings 2000 The Finnish Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (FiSIAQ) seeks papers for the Healthy Buildings Conference 2000, Aug. 610, Espoo, Finland. Cosponsored by ASHRAE. Abstracts are due Oct. 3 1, 1999. Contact the Conference Secretaria

36、t, Healthy Buildings 2000, P.O. Box 87, FIN-O2151 Espoo, Finland; fax 358 9 452 3610 or www.hb2000.org. I STDOASHRAE JOURN 41-4 SI-ENGL 1999 0759b50 0541979 T38 Direct Digital Control Systems Specifying I nteropera bi lity By Paul Ehrlich, M. Associate Member ASHRAE and Ofer Pittel, Eng. Member ASHR

37、AE own interpretation of a specification-a specification that may be interpreted in many ways. The owners representative will have problems accurately assessing the incongruity in each suppliers bid. In addition, the consulting engineer will have a difficult time enforcing and defending such a weak

38、specification. Now, take this sihation and compound it in an attempt to specifi a complete, cohesive DDC system where the system will be COnstructed from suPP1i- ers components. This is what happens when specifiing an interoperable system. The system must be specified clearly so that any two (or mor

39、e) bidding vendors equipment and systems are designed and coordinated to work together. An even stronger need exists for a clear, impartial, performance-based specifica- tion to make this a reality. Prescriptive and Performance- Based Specifications A specifier may use a prescriptive or a performanc

40、e-based style for the specifi- cation to obtain the desired results. Of- ten, prescriptive and performance speci- fication styles may be combined to yield the best outcome. Both methods offer unique benefits. The first method is to prescribe the method or product that a vendor must use. An example o

41、f this is to specifi that a controller shall have a 12-bit analog-to- digital converter. This defines a portion he era of interoperable direct digital control (DDC) systems has begun, and the fuhire holds the promise of more fll-featured and competitively priced offerings. This critical time for our

42、 industry is challenging for owners, consultants and suppliers. Standards are being set, new products are in development and the industry is learning the advan- tages and disadvantages of this new technology. Consulting and specifying engineers are facing the challenge of determining what an owner n

43、eeds from an interoperable system, and then writing a competitive specification to achieve those needs. Why Specify Interoperability? Owners need interoperable DDC sys- tems to help them accomplish a number of goals. The first goal is to have amethod to connect smart systems together in a horizontal

44、 manner (i.e., to connect similar systems to each other and have them communicate see Figure I). An example of this might be a building on a campus that was built with controls from Vendor A. The successful bidder for the next building on the campus might be Vendor B. Without an interoperable solu-

45、tion, the owner would be forced to ac- cept the price provided by Vendor A to have the two buildings communicate. Second, interoperability also is needed connect this equipment and allow it to function as a single cohesive system without needing to write custom software. Examples ofthis include comp

46、onents Com chillers to VAV terminals, to variable speed drives, and even to smart sensors. Difficulties in Specifying While many consulting engineers are experts in WAC system design, the same cannot be said for their depth of exper- tise in the design and specification of DDC systems. This has deve

47、loped into a reliance on the expertise of suppliers in the industry. Unfortunately, this has re- sulted in many specifications for DDC systems based on a particular vendors Paul Ehrlich, P.E., is the Tracer Summit product manager for Trane Building Automation Systems located in St. Paul, Minn. He is

48、 a member of GPC- 13P, Specifying Direct Digital Control Systems. to connect many f the pieces of “smart” equipment that are used vertically in todays buildings (i.e., to connect com- ponents of various origins to make one system see Fiere 21). The desire is to guide specification rather than on the

49、 clients needs. A vague or unclear specification can cause a.large disparity in bid prices and may allow an unscrupulous contractor to - cut comers. With sucha specification, each supplier may consider providing a system different from the other suppliers because the envisioned systems are based on their April 1999 ASHRAE Jou