ASHRAE JOURN 40-11 ACRTP-1998 Automated Controls and Real-Time Pricing《自动化控制和实时定价 第40卷第11号 1998年11月》.pdf

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1、 STDOASHWAE JOURN 40-11i ACRTF-ENGL 1996 0759650 0539933 263 point temperature, absolute humidity, mixit ratio, and wet bulb temperature. dew and frost points, the Humiscan RHDemperature transmitter is superior to competitive products - at an economical price. With quick response times, resistance t

2、o contamination, and no uncertainty between Bright Display 0-1 00% relative humidity measurement with +1 ?Ao accuracy Temperature range of -40C to +80“C User-scalable inputs, outputs, displays, and calculated values RS-232C interface or RS-485/422 serial module connection Call today: 800-225-3208 or

3、 visit our web site at: I E - LIENERAL EASTERN) - The Humidity Experts 20 Commerce Way, Woburn, MA O1 801 Phone: 781 /938-7070 Fax: 781 /938-1071 (Circle No. 4 on Reader Service Card) STD=ASHRAE JOURN 40-11 ACRTP-ENGL 1998 I 0759650 0539934 LTT SIEMENS Landis tk Staefa is Siemens Building Landis Di

4、vision. Building Automation I HVAC Controls Integrated Systems I Fire Alarm and Life Safety Security I Critical Environments I PLC/SCADA Systems Power and Utilities 1 Mechanical Systems Services Performance Contracting I Facility Management Services STD.ASHRAE JOURN 40-11 ACRTP-ENGL 1998 0759650 053

5、9935 036 We have joined a $65 billion industrial power with immense global resources. Will we be the same? Yes. Were already leaders in total customer satisfaction and we wont relinquish our lead. Youll still find an unmatched caliber of service delivered through over 100 North American offices. wil

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7、e breakthrough value to our customers. Were going to add new energy to the concept of synergy. (Circle No. 5 on Reader Service Card) RTP-ENGL 1978 O757650 0537737 707 Page 49: Commissioning Labs Page 56: Boiler Control u Automated Control in Response to Real-Time Pricing By Steven D. Gabel, PE., La

8、urence Carmichael, and Gideon Shavit, Ph.D. . 26 Reducing Refrigerant Emissions from Supermarket Systems Proper Control of HVAC Variable Speed Pumps By Cynthia Gage, Ph.D., and Gene Troy, PE. . 32 By Larry Tillack and James B. Rishel, FE. 41 By Steven 1. Angle, PE. 49 Commissioning Lab Buildings Boi

9、ler Control Retrofit at Convent By William E laillie 56 By Cynthia A. Callaway, PE., Kevin L. Davis, PE., and Arman Nehzati, ?. 60 Retrofit for a Large Office Building Commentary Industry News . Letters . Washington Report . . 20 Meetings and Shows . People . 70 Products 72 Classified Advertising .

10、74 Advertising Index. 00 24 Litera tu re . Reader Service Card . 80a “E Focus on Motors and Drives 71 The deregulation of the electricity industry has prompted the need for automated control systems that ailow building owners to take full advantage of real-time pricing (RTP). The cover shows the atr

11、ium of the 5 7 -story Marrioff Marquis Hotel in New York Ci, which was the site of an industry/governmenr collaboration to develop an automated RTP control system for commercial buildings. The article aboui this project starts on Page 26. NOVEMBER 1998 VOLUME 48 0 NUMBER 11 TD-ASHRAE JOURN 40-1 For

12、Over 100 Years, Browning Has Made Products Specifically For The Air Moving Industrv Performance-Designed Ball Bearings - Select exactly what you need from Browning stock . “AH” Air Handling units and rubber mounted cartridges, either setscrew lock concentric locking collar. All Browning AH e tested

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14、e sizes 3/4“ to 3 /le. Stamped steel and ductile housed units also available. For details, request Catalog BMB-98. U 4 Worlds Widest Range of Belt Drives - Everything you need in fixed and variable pitch sheaves and belts! For light-duty applications, Browning offers sheaves with both Split TapeP Bu

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17、iland Looks Beyond Border hailand is quietly emerging as a major producer in the air-conditioning indus- try. The corntry held its frst exhibition, Bangkok WAC 98, in late September to showcase the industry that has developed in the last 30 years. There are now more than 100 factories in the Bangkok

18、 area alone that produce air conditioners, mainly for export to other Southeast Asianations, Japan, Australia and the Middle East. The show demonstrated the industrys diversiy as 177 companies exhibited prod- ucts ranging from residential air conditioners to large ammonia systems and compo- nents. I

19、ncidentally, there are 61 ASHRAE members in Thailand and an organization, The Air-conditioning Engineering Association of Thailand, hopes to become an ASHRAE associate society. For more details about the Thai exhibition and Thailands HVAC issues in obtaining proper control of variable speed pumps; a

20、nd pumps to increase boiler efficiency. ITS DIFFICULT to keep up with the developments in ASHRAEs high-profile stan- dards, especially since changes can now be made on a continuous basis. To help our readers, we plan to carry news updates in our Standards department of each issue. This months update

21、 on Page 64 covers a proposal to address fuel curves, one of the most contentious aspects of the revision of Standard 90.1-1989, Energy-Eflcient De- sign of New Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. Its also difficult to keep up with changes in energy simulation software, but a new tool b

22、eing developed by the U.S. Department of Energy deserves special notice. The goal is to combine the best elements of the two major simulation programs (BLAST and DOE-2), and add several new features. More information about this new tool, EnergyPlus, can be found on Page 13. Have a great month. Novem

23、ber 1998 STD-ASHRAE JOURN 40-11 ACRTP-ENGL 1998 m 0759650 0539940 4T3 Attendee (lefi photo) visits Denso Thailand, Ud., booth. Denso makes moveable coolers and refrigeration transportation equipment. S.P.E. Plastics Co. Ltd, (right photo) displayed fans, blowers and air curtains. Thailand Looks Beyo

24、nd Border BANGKOK, Thailand-Thailand is not well known for its HVAC choose Fibre-Free! c STD-ASHRAE JOURN 40-11 ACRTP-ENGL L998 0759650 0539742 27b Standard or Custom Models from 2 to 60 tons KoolKarP Air Conditioners Explosion Proof KoolKartB with Multiple Outlet Ducts KoolKartB modified with Speci

25、al Condenser Air Discharge Ducts Trailerable KoolKarNB with 35” ESP for Multi-Voltage, 50 or 60 Hz operation 9020 South Choctaw Drive Baton Rouge, LA 70815 USA E-mail: ScientificSvstemscomD Ph: 800 I654 - 3857 FAX 225 I926 - 6973 (Circle No. 20 on Reader Service Card) 10 . ASHRAE Journal Thailand, F

26、rom Page 8 Pakorn T. Wanidchwal, managing di- rector, said the company has been grow- ing 20% to 30% a year, mainly through domestic sales to the supermarket indus- try but those sales dropped 50% in 1998. “We cant depend on the local market so were looking abroad,” he said. Potential markets, he ad

27、ded, are South Africa, Eu- rope and Vietnam. Another exhibitor, Aeromaster, makes concealed-type splits, ducted splits and room air conditioners (RACs). Kuwait, Italy and France are their biggest cus- tomers, and the company hopes to ex- pand into new markets, said Sithisak Chongudomliuk, company pr

28、esident. Both March Cool and Aeromaster are part of a group of Thai-owned compa- nies that mainly manufacture their brands. In addition to these independent companies, there are about SO joint air- conditioning manufacturing ventures that have S 1 % Thai ownership. The par- ent companies are based i

29、n Japan, the U.S.A., Taiwan, South Korea and Ger- many. The joint ventures mostly make complete units for companies such as Mitsubishi, Carrier, York and Trane. The Thai-owned air-conditioning manufacturers are located mostly in the Bangkok area. Many produce their parts and components. The main pro

30、ducts in- clude all types of splits and RACs. Bet- ter known Thai brands include Uni-Aire, Central Air, Sapphire, Amena and Nikko. Nakorn Sirichanachai of the Federa- tion of Thai Industries Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Club said the Thai com- panies offer the advantage of flexibility. Costs,

31、he said, are lower due to the ad- justment of the baht and because many companies produce their parts. “Most of our manufacturers are in the medium to small range, and can equip any project, regardless of size, and supply af- ter-sales service anywhere in the world,” he said. The refrigeration secto

32、r in Thailand is supplied by about 10 companies, includ- ing joint ventures. Piya Chongvatana, chairman of the Thai Reffigeration As- sociation (TU), says the biggest mar- ket has been the domestic commercial sector, particularly supermarkets and food stores. This market, he said, has de- clined dur

33、ing the economic slowdown but opporhinities are opening in frozen sea- food, chicken and the hit and vegetables sectors. We feel it is time to export,” he says, “and we are looking at other parts of Asia and the Middle East.” Exports of finished air conditioners al- ready have grown, from $538.5 mil

34、lion Thailand, See Page 12 November 1998 STD-ASHRAE JOURN UO-ll ACRTP-ENGL 1998 O759650 05399 At American Auto-Matrix Firsts are “Second Nature” A beehive is an amazing example of construction which effectively incorporates numerous control systems heating, cooling, traffic control, security, food s

35、ervice, and Smart Building Solutions waste disposal. Like a beehive, buildings need superb construction and control systems for people to work productively. At American Auto-Matrix, Smart Building Solutionsare second nature to us . just look at our history of innovative “firsts.” First to adapt dire

36、ct digital control to the BAS industry. First to introduce open architecture and open protocols. First to offer real generation-to- generation compatibility First to provide direct digital control and fumehood control product synergy. Naturally, Ansther First The American Auto-Matrix legacy of “firs

37、ts” continues with our new Auto-Alliance” - a dynamic three-way partnership that unifies American Auto-Matrix, our Solution integrator, and the Project 0wner.The Auto-Alliance is a unique concept that focuses on creating the ideal building control systems solution .for each individual project. This

38、new, fundamental approach further ensures that the people who function inside these buildings are afforded the most positive, comfortable environment possible. Like the marvel of a beehive, at American Auto-Matrix, building control systems that work in perfect harmony are second nature. Make America

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40、539944 049 M tough enough to carry the Warranty Nmt time - emy tzm, qbe Tzm Mark Heaydutyprotectzon ,m,m, jbr your equzpment and your peace of mwd I Call 1-800-862-2875 for the name of your Time Mark distributor. Or visit our website M 1 at wuw.tZme- 1 TIME MARKCORPORATION In the First Place. ICircl

41、e No. 12 on Reader Service Cardl Deaerate feedwater to 0% CO2 and .O05 cc/liter of oxygen. Bryan tray and spray type deaerators offer capacities to 300,000 Ibs/hr. If you want nearly perfect feedwater for your boiler, contact us. BRYAN BOILERS Since 7976 Subsidiary of Bryan Steam Corporation P.O. Bo

42、x 27, Peru, Indiana 46970-0027 U.S.A. Phone 765-473-5651 Internet: FAX 765-473-3074 E-maii (Circle No. 11 on Reader Service Card) u Thailand, From Page 10 (U.S.) in 1994 to $955 million in 1996, the banner year. Sales slowed to $935.5 million in 1997 and are $539.5 million for the first seven mont

43、hs of 1998. “There is no doubt that the flotation of the baht is helping us, said Sirichanachai. “But it only stimulated what is a dis- tinct trend.” Thailands most important export market is the nine-nation ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asia Nations) group at about 20% of the total. Europe accoun

44、ts for 17%, Japan for 13% and the U.S. for 17%. The biggest ASEAN importers are Singapore and Malaysia, and Thailand has the bulk of this market. Sirichanachai said. Growth for the first part of 1998 is down about 9% for ASEAN and 4% for Japan. The picture is different in Europe where the market, su

45、p- plied by OEMs and Thai companies, is growing. Sirichanachai said exports for the first five months of 1998 are up 65.9%. The increase is 42.7% for the US. for the same period. What Thailand hopes to do, said Sirichanachai, is to ex- pand existing markets, encourage companies to continue to upgrad

46、e technology to international standards, and to develop new products. Potential new markets, he said, include Central and South Africa and Latin America. But Thailand also sees regional growth. Indochina and Myanmar are countries that will be- come major users of air conditioning and refrigeration i

47、n a few years. “Thailand,” said Sirichanachai, “is perfectly situated to become the prime supplier in terms of geographical location and existing business and cultural links.” (FS) November 1998 12 ASH RAE Jo urn a I STD-ASHRAE JOURN 40-11 ACRTP-ENGL 1998 O759650 0539945 T85 Energy Simulation Progra

48、m Combines Best of Predecessors BERKELEY, Calif. -The Department of Energy is developing a new energy simulation program that will combine the best features and capabilities of two existing programs along with several new features. The program, EnergyPlus, will be released in late 1999 or early 2000

49、, said- Crawley, Member ASHRAE, of the US. Department of Energy. Crawley recently wrote about the new software for Center for Building Science News, a publication of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). The goal, he said, is to combine the best elements of the Building Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics (BLAST) and DOE-2 simulation programs. EnergyPlus also will add simulation ca