ASHRAE JOURN 38-10 IAQ-1996 ASHRAE Journal《ASHRAE日报第38卷第10号 1996年10月》.pdf

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1、 i25263 Ob7 Johnson Controls introduces the only dampers that meet the latest UL standards for both smoke and modulated air volume control. Which means if youre installing other smoke dampers with modulating actu- ators, youre using combinations that havent been certified for the application. Consid

2、ering the consequences of a smoke true emergency, to risk it? Our new smoke and control dampers, in combination with pneumatic modulating actuators, meet both UL Class I and Class II leakage standards. And theyre available in mings of 250“ For 350“ F, with opposed or parallel blades and vertical or

3、horizonml mounting. So contaa your Johnson Controls represen- tative. Or call 1-800-972-8040, ext. 213. Our dampers have passed UL inspection. Will yours? J “SON CONTR 8 LS orroszim. Next to freeze-ups, its one of the biggest threats to heating and cooling efficiency water-based HVAC systems face. E

4、ven under relatively moderate conditions, corrosion can rapidly strip away precious Payers of metal from sysmn components and eventually foul chiller coils. As the plintos above illustrate, an uninhibited glycol- based fluid can cause corrosion. Yet, even an inhibited glycol fluid will corrode your

5、system if its not inhibited properly. Comparative Corrosion Effects of Fluids on Common Metais Corrosion Kate (mils per year) Uninhihitecl Uninhibited Propylcne DOWFROST Ethylene DOWTHERM Water Glycol HD Fluid Glycol SR-1 Fluid Copper 0.08 0.16 0.04 0.16 0.12 Solder 3.14 -.34.7 0.06 56.5 0.13 Brass

6、0.23 0.20 0.08 0.46 0.12 Mild Steel 9.69 9.80 0.04 44.5 0.04 Cast Iron 21.2 16.2 0.05 55.7 0.13 duminuin 13.2 1.80 +O36 19.8 0.44 Rata in excess ?f 0.5 mnpy (2.5 for aimmimzim) aregenerally evidence of inadequate corrosion protection Sample with a “+“showed weight gain. ASTM DI384-19OFjOr 2 weeks, 3

7、0% by volume yycol, air bubbling. DOWSHEW“ and DOWFROST* fluids, on the other hand, contain precisely formulated industridi inhibitor packages that are proven highly effective in preventing corrosion of metals commonly used in HVAC systems. And, unlike some other inhibited glycol fluids, DOTXITHERhd

8、 and DOWFROST fluids can be easily analyzed to determine corrosion inhibitor condition. Properly maintained, DOWTHERM and DOWFROST fluids inay not require reinhibiting for up to 20 years. Another reason DOWTHERM and DOWFROSS fluids are such a good bet for HVAC systems7 Theyre backed by complete flui

9、d support services, including free annual fluid analysis for systems containing 250 gallons of fluid or more. For our 12-page HVAC applica- tions guide and a deck of limited edition playing cards, absolutely free, call 1-800-447 4369 or use the reader service card o EM and DBWIFRQST Heat Transfer Fl

10、uids http:/m; “Trademark of The Dow Clieinical Coinpanv (Circle No. 4 on Reader Service Card) ASHRAE TITLExJOURN 38-LO*IAQ 96 0757650 0525267 702 p-ontents October 1996, Vol. 38, No. 10 Page 8: Chemical Alternative Page 32: Cogeneration Project Page 75: ASHRAE Research Departments 6 Commentary 8 Ind

11、ustry News 16 Washington Report 17 Meetings and Shows 20 People 60 Standards 61 Literature 64 Products 11 5 Classified Advertising 120 Advertising Index 116A Reader Service Card The Front Cover Atriums, such as this one in a mall in Long Island, N. Y., provide interesting challenges for HVAC 579 (in

12、cludes postage for Canadian). $149 international (includes air mail). Member- ship subscriptions have a common June expiration. Non- member subscriptions may vary. Payment (US funds) required with all orders. POSTMASTER: Send form 3579 to: ASHRAE Journal, 1791 Tullie Circle N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329 L

13、ETTERSIMANUSCRIPTS-Letters to the editor and manu- scripts for publication should be sent to: William R. Coker, Editor, ASHRAE Journal, 1 791 Tullie Circle N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329 MICROFILM-This publications microfilmed by University Microfilms, inc.(UMI), 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 481 06.

14、For information on cost and issues avaiiable, you may contact UM1 at 313-761-4700. 4 ASHRAE Journal October 1996 ASHRAE TITLEwJOURN ASH RAE JOU RNAL 1791 Tullie Circle N.E. Atlanta, Georgia 30329-2305 ASH RAE Home Page http:/www.ashrae.org 404-636-8400 FAX 404-321 -5478 Technology for a Better Envir

15、onment EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENTIPUBLISHER Frank M. Coda PUBLISHING DIRECTOR W. Stephen Comstock EDIT0,RIAL EDITOR William R. Coker e-mail bcokerashrae.org MANAGING EDITOR Fred Turner e-mail fiurnerashrae.org WASHINGTON BUREAU J.E. Cox, P.E., Ph.D. Charles R. Mir e-mai! washofcashrae.org PUBLISHING S

16、ERVICES PUBLISHING SERVICES MANAGER Scott A. Zeh GRAPHICS Susan Boughadou TYPOGRAPHY Kellie M. Frady Stefan R. Moore Nancy F. Thysell CIRCULATION CIRCULATION MANAGER Phyllis Maurer ADVERTISING ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER Edwin F. Farley ADVERTISING PRODUCTION MANAGER Irene F. Eggeling ASHRAE OFFICERS PRESID

17、ENT James E. Hill, Ph.D. Donald E. Holte, P.Eng TREASURER George A. Jackins, P.E. VICE PRESIDENTS William J. Coad, P.E. Harley W. Goodman, Jr., P.E. Laurance S. Staples, Jr. James E. Wolf SECRETARY Frank M. Coda POLICY GROUP 1995-96 Chairman Journal/lnsights Committee William J. Collins. P.E. PRESID

18、ENT-ELECT Commentary Research Records and Optimizing HVAC induction generation from the breakdown of H.P. to steam L.P.; and absorption refrigeration to provide summer load for L.P. steam. The savings over a 12-month period was $700,000 with a payback on the project of two years. In the third articl

19、e J. Chen and Horst Kruse note in their article Producing Pressure- Enthalpy Diagrams for Alternative Refrigerants that thermodynamic diagrams, par- ticularly log(p)-h diagrams, have become very convenient tools for the refrigeration and air-conditioning industries. To promote optimization of altern

20、ative refrigerants, with use in development and application it is urgent to provide the industries with reli- able engineering diagrams for the most promising refrigerants. This article introduces a robust diagram-producing system with sample diagrams for altemative refrigerants R134a, R410a, and R4

21、07b. The new system will produce diagrams with reliable accu- racy and high quality, as well as flexibility to meet any size and color requirements. On other important issues, Thomas H. Kuehn in his article ConstructionlRenova- tion Influence on Indoor Air Qualio examines indoor air quality issues a

22、s they relate to construction/renovation. The author reviews three areas of priorities relating to source reduction, airflow from clean areas into contaminated areas and the appropri- ate barriers. A growing trend in the use of new hybrid cycle integrated district HVAC systems that use geothermal en

23、ergy is examined by ibrahim B. Kilkis and Muhammed Eltez in their article Recent Advances in Geothermal Energy Use. According to the authors commercial plants are in use today using vapor-dominated and liquid dominated plants with a world-wide installed capacity of 6 Gigawatts. Today, excluding heat

24、 pumps, there are about 300 sites in the United States where geothermal energy is cur- rently used in various applications; including district heating, absorption cooling and refrigeration, industrial processes, aquaculture, horticulture, and snow melting/freeze William . Coker protection. William R

25、. Coker Journal Editor Member of The Audit Bureau of Circulation ASHRAE Journal October 1996 Big steam heat Series !rs come in 200 to 500 150 psi). for iformation. in a cornnact nackaae - -u The Byan flexible water tube RW Series Steam and replaced, they require no expensive, time-con- boiler is ava

26、ilable in sizes rated up to suming cutting, welding or rolling. So, 500 HP. But that doesnt mean you downtime becomes uptime and youre have to build a separate building just to ahead again. hold the boiler. Byan flexible water Bryan Boilers efficient flexible tube steam boilers take less space in wa

27、ter tube configuration gets up and the boiler room. Our 500 HP size running fast. Less waiting time until boiler occupies a footprint of less than your equipment or process is on line at 182 square feet. And it requires vey full steam pressure. Twenty minutes or little space to remove and replace a

28、less from a cold start. tube. Much less than needed to replace However you look at it, choosing a firetube. Building costs can be re- Bryan Boilers is a profitable decision. duced if you design for Byan Boilers. When you need a ready supply of dy It takes less time to service a steam at full rated p

29、ressure, for heat flexible water tube. Quickly removed and/or process, look at Byan flexible water tube steam boilers. Subsidiary of Bryan Steam Corporation Since 1916 PO. Box 27, Peru, IN 46970 /Phone: 317-473-6651 /Fax: 317-473-3074 /E-Mail: / Internet Commercial/Zndustrial Steam and Hot Water B

30、oilers, Boiler Room Accessories (Circle No. 7 on Reader Service Card) Grain Chilling An Alternative To Chemicals PALO ALTO, Calif.-Field trials show a refrigeration technology used in Eu- rope to preserve moisture in newly har- vested grain has strong potential as an alternative to methyl bromide, a

31、 pest control fumigant being phased out as part of the Montreal Protocol. The trials conducted by the Electric Power Research Institutes (EPRI) Ag- ricultural Technology Alliance (ATA) involve chilled grain aeration and condi- tioning. Most stored grain is now cooled with fans and treated with pest-

32、control fumi- gants. Grain chilling uses a refrigeration system to control temperature and mois- ture content. Once chilled to a level that reduces insect population and mold growth, only occasional, brief rechilling is required because of the insulating properties of the grain. The grain chiller tr

33、ials were performed in 1995 at a commercial wheat facility by Dirk Maier, Ph.D., and colleagues from the Agricultural and Biological Engi- neering Department at Purdue Universi- ty. The research objective was to cool wheat in steel grain bins (45,000 bushel capacity) until final grain temperature wa

34、s below 60F (15.5“C), a level that in- hibits insects and mold. Chuck Sofer, AT1 manager, said the chiller successfully cooled the wheat, and the temperature in the tanks rose only a few degrees over the two-month storage period. Data on energy consumption, costs based on local utility rates, and sa

35、v- ings from improved grain quality and re- duced pesticide treatments show that chilled aeration technology can meet the needs of grain storage companies. Insects devour stored grain. The chilled aeration demonstrations are being expanded into more sites and are involving additional grain crops suc

36、h as rice, corn and soybeans. Maier said this summers wheat field trial, however, ran into a problem (mycotoxin) not relat- ed to the project. His group plans to work with rice this fall in California. Chilled aeration traces its origin to Europe where the process is used to maintain a high moisture

37、 content in grain which results in better quality bread. The technology, he said, is just starting to catch on in the U.S. as an al- ternative to chemicals. Mairer said that the elimination of certain chemicals means that the remaining chemicals can be reserved for outbreaks. The primary first-cost,

38、 especially in the locales without cool night temperatures, is the refrigeration system. This cost, he said, could be partly alleviated by utility incen- tives such as favorable financing rates. Also needed, he said, are improve- ments to the efficiency of the refrigeration systems, especially with

39、the challenge of new refrigerants. Such improvements will come with more exposure to the refngera- tion industry. He said their unit achieved a 20% energy saving by using a variable speed blower instead of the throttle system used by European systems. EPRI manages science and technolo- gy R J. Thoma

40、s Sobieski, director and regional chairman, Region III; and Ernest J. Menold, P.E., president, Phila- delphia Chapter. On behalf of the professional and business associations whose members are served by the AHR Expo, the follow- ing representatives of those organiza- tions will also serve on the com

41、mittee. They are: Glenn Friedman, president, Air Conditioning Contractors of America; Jay Weldy, president, Air-condi- tioning See Honorary Advisory on Page 9 8 ASHRAE Journal October 1996 1 IndustryRoundup 1 Emerson Buys Kop-Flex ST. LOUIS-An agreement has been reached for the sale of Kop-Hex, Inc.

42、 of Hanover, Md. to Emerson Electric Com- pany of St. Louis. Kop-Flex makes power transmission shaft couplings. Emerson is a publicly traded company that makes pro- cess controls, HVAC components, and motors and drives. Thomas Michael Baly III, president and CEO, American Gas Association; Ken Kozels

43、ki, president, Cooling Tower Institute; Steven Levine, chairman, Hydron- ics Division, GAMA; Robert J. Durr, president, Mechani- cal Contractors Association of America Inc.; George A. Johnson, president Northamerican (sic) Heating, Refrigera- tion Gary Dunn, president, Refrigerat. ing Engineers and,

44、 David E. Norris, president, Shee Metal and Air Conditioning Contrac tors National Association, Inc. I comes in Microsoft WindowsTM Macintosh platforms. Its $147 for ASHRAE members) and able from ASHRAE Customer e by phone at 1 -8OO-ASHRAE, x at 404-321-5478 or e-mail at or- cludes all the text, tab

45、les ders ashrae.org. The package price trations and equations for the CD and hard-bound version is hard-bound version. $189 ($129 ASHRAE members). 0 (Circle NO. 8 on Reader Service Card) 9 ASHRAE Journal October 1996 ASHRAE TITLE*JOURN 3B-LO*IAd 96 e 0757650 0525273 TOb I I IndustryRoundup I DuPont

46、Licenses Refrigerant DuPont has licensed to Elf Atochem a key refrigerant used by the food industry for commercial refrigeration applica- tions. Terms of the agreement were not disclosed. The refrigerant is manufac- tured by DuPont and marketed as “SU- VA” HP62 (ASHRAE designation R- 404A). Elf Atoc

47、hem will be offering the refrigerant under the name “FORANE 404A. Diana Klug, market manager for DuPont, said R-404A is the leading ozone-safe replacement for R-502 in commercial refrigeration systems. Du- Pont also has license agreement for R- 404A with Allied Signal. New Line of Chillers PHOENIX-C

48、ummins Southwest has in- troduced a new line of chillers powered by natural gas. The “Powerchill” line ranges in capacity from 55 to 200 tons (193 to 700 kW). The units have computerized engine and refrigerant management sys- tems that include an LCD display screen and other features. The company ha

49、s in- stalled 55-ton units at an apartment com- plex in Phoenix and plans to install three 120-ton units at an ice rink in Flagstaff. ComEd Offers Financing CHICAGO-Commonwealth Edison is offering its commercial and industrial customers 100% financing for high-effi- ciency chiller installations or conver- sions, or installation of thermal energy storage (TES) systems. The program en- courages customers to install efficient, non-CFC chil