ASHRAE AB-10-005-2010 Screening of Energy Efficient Technologies for Industrial Buildings’ Retrofits.pdf
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1、2010 ASHRAE 401ABSTRACTDuring the past few years, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) has led energy and process optimization initiatives to help Department of Defense installations to meet energy efficiency and environ-mental compliance requirements and to c
2、reate an improved work environment. This effort was also a part of the IEA- ECBCS “International Energy Agency Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems” Annex 46, “Holistic Assessment Tool-kit on Energy Efficient Retrofit Measures for Government BuildingsEnERGo.”One of the important ta
3、sks of both programs was to analyze a series of international experiences of retrofitted industrial buildings and based on these best practice examples to develop a database of promising energy saving technologies and measures (current, proven, well known or underused). The database includes technol
4、ogies/measures that relate to build-ing envelope, internal load reduction, lighting, HVAC systems, energy consuming processes in the building, supplemental energy systems (e.g., compressed air, steam system), etc. The listed technologies and measures cover a wide spectrum, from proven operations and
5、 maintenance procedures to installation of technologies that have recently entered the market and are not yet well understood by end users, engineers, and decision makers. They also span a wide range of capital investment costs, from no cost/low cost measures to installations that may require severa
6、l hundred thousand dollars of investment. Appli-cability and savings from using some energy conservation technologies and measures are not affected by outdoor climate conditions, while others are climate dependent. Careful evaluation of candidate energy conservation measures for applicability and co
7、st efficiency is critical to building energy managers, engineers, contractors, and deci-sion makers in crafting and implementing successful energy conservation building retrofits. This paper presents a simu-lation based methodology for screening energy conservation technologies and measures for repr
8、esentative conditions (building type, climatic conditions, energy costs, etc.) The study demonstrates the feasibility of applying the method-ology using an example of heated and ventilated (not air-conditioned) industrial buildings for six selected energy conservation measures. A simple payback is c
9、alculated using electricity and gas savings throughout a year-round operation cycle. Also, a cost/saving analysis shows that application of internal load reducing technologies in non-air-conditioned facilities affect their thermal environment and has a significant impact on workers productivity. Con
10、sideration of workers productivity improvement as a component of operating cost reduction has a significant impact on the overall pay-back calculation results.INTRODUCTION In recent years, many new building system technologies have been developed with the promise of conserving energy. The energy sav
11、ing potentials of these technologies are often strongly dependent on some combination of climate, building use, envelope design, HVAC system design and plant design and their specific application. Some technologies (e.g., speed control using VFD, or replacement of lighting fixtures with more efficie
12、nt ones) can be evaluated using a simple spread-sheet-type calculation. Others require more sophisticated tools to account for multiple effects on the building envelop, thermal comfort and different building systems. Due to the difficulty of evaluating these new technologies through simple tradition
13、al Screening of Energy Efficient Technologies for Industrial Buildings RetrofitsAlexander M. Zhivov, PhD Richard Liesen, PhD Dan Fisher, PhDMember ASHRAE Fellow ASHRAEJon Hand, PhD Barry WilsonAlexander M. Zhivov is an operating agent of the IEA ECBCS Annex 46 and a program manager at the Energy Bra
14、nch of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, IL. Richard Liesen is a senior research engineer at the Energy Branch of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champ
15、aign, IL. Dan Fisher is a professor of mechanical engineering at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK. Jon Hand is a senior research fellow at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland. Barry Wilson is an engineer at GE Aviation, Cincinnati, OH.AB-10-0052010, American Society of Heating,
16、 Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). Published in ASHRAE Transactions (2010, Vol. 116, Part 2). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.402
17、 ASHRAE Transactionsmethods, energy simulation software has emerged as the most efficient and effective method of evaluating the potential of a specific energy conservation technology applied to a specific building. Modern simulation tools such as EnergyPlus Strand, 2000 and ESP-r Hand, 2006 Clarke
18、2001 are well tailored to analyze these new energy conservation measures (ECM). In these modern simulation tools, models for many ECMs already exist or can be composed from elements within the tools. Expert users of these tools can readily assemble the building, system and plant data required to con
19、struct a building model. Typically this information, along with climate data, building use data, and typical system control strategies, is gleaned from on-site inspections, architectural drawings, and published equipment performance data. Once the basic model of the building has been constructed the
20、 expert simulation user can modify the simulation input to create model variants to evaluate each energy conservation measure of interest. ECMs can be evaluated one at a time or in combination with other measures. Budgetary rather than simulation program constraints usually limit the number of promi
21、sing technologies that can be evalu-ated for a particular project. The success of the process there-fore is strongly dependent on the ability of the design engineer to select from a list of 20 to 100 possible energy conservation measures that are applicable and the most cost efficient for a particul
22、ar building. This paper presents a simulation-based approach to the screening process that selects candidate technologies for a particular building. The first section of the paper describes the conceptual design of the simulation-based screening tool. This is followed by an account of several case s
23、tudies for an indus-trial building that illustrates the feasibility of the proposed approach and discusses the simulation tools required to effec-tively analyze and compare a large number of ECMs. Screen-ing of ECMs is conducted to develop a database with promising energy saving technologies and mea
24、sures for an interactive IT-tool under the International Energy Agency Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems project - Annex 46 “Holistic Assessment Tool-kit on Energy Efficient Retrofit Measures for Government Buildings (EnERGo).” Annex 46This tool provides energy managers, design
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